Three Phase Inverter Circuit Diagram

In this article we will develop a three-phase inverter circuit applying Arduino and MOSFET. We will have a quick glance at
the 3 phase transformer functioning and we'll build a three phase transformer applying three “single phase transformer” by
merging the windings in delta and star connections. We are going to additionally check out the waveform created by Arduino.

Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Description:

The circuit includes an Arduino that produces the 3 phase waveform with 120 degree electrical phase shift difference
between each specific waveform. You could use your favorite Arduino board.
The BJTs and MOSFETs are put together in push-pull configuration; 3 push-pull levels are used for 3 particular phases.
Three single phase step-down transformers (utilized in reverse) are attached in delta and star connection at primary and
secondary winding correspondingly; this will likely duplicate a 3 phase transformer.
On the output we have 3 phases and one neutral line taken by utilizing star connection at secondary side.
We have applied three 0-9V transformer and all has to be at-least 5A rated to obtain a reasonable power output.
A fuse inside in the circuit to circumvent short-circuit as a result of some catastrophic conditions that could take place.
Program Code: Verified

const int output_1 = 9;

const int output_2 = 10;
const int output_3 = 11;
const int t = 3310;
void setup()

pinMode(output_1, OUTPUT); // Phase 1

pinMode(output_2, OUTPUT); // Phase 2
pinMode(output_3, OUTPUT); // Phase 3

void loop()

delayMicroseconds(t);
digitalWrite(output_1, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(t);
digitalWrite(output_2, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(t);
 digitalWrite(output_3, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(t);
digitalWrite(output_1, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(t);
digitalWrite(output_2, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(t);
digitalWrite(output_3, HIGH);

Waveforms generated by Arduino:

All three phases are 120 degree apart electrically having each individual phase and indeed, this is simply not a pure sine
wave type.

The above wave-forms are created by Arduino at pins 9, 10and 11. The very last two waveforms are relocated down within
the oscilloscope, in order that the waveform do not overlap one another and we might evaluate the wave-forms.

To obtain a apparent idea we now have designated the waveform to ensure that you can see the 120 degree phase shift in
the wavefrom.
As we are able to see that every waveform are 120 degree electrically changed via each other. The produced three phase
signal should not be employed straight to the transformer to step-up; to get this done the three phase signals are placed on a
buffer level that includes BJTs and MOSFETs.

All the three phase signals are 50Hz and 50% duty cycle with reference to ground.

Push-Pull MOSFET Driver Stage:

The weak 3 phase signals are slightly amplified with a handful of low power BJTs per phase signal. The BJT is put together
in push-pull setup in order that it can boost each LOW and HIGH signals; at this point three this kind of push-pull stages are
applied in the circuit.

The output signal through BJT is reversed with polarity by 180 degree through the applied signal (for all three phases). The
5V signal through Arduino is currently amplified to 12V signal which can be adequate for a MOSFETs to switch ON and
OFF(completely). When we directly implement the 5V signal from Arduino to gate of the MOSFET, the MOSFET may
continue to switch ON and OFF (to some extent) however you will see huge resistance between source and drain terminal
that will certainly not permit maximum current to move and result in MOSFETs to overheat.

At this point the 12V (from BJTs) signal is given to MOSFETs that is additionally set up in push-pull. The output at the
MOSFET is now powerful which could push the three phase transformer. The output signal through the MOSFET is actually
180 degree upside down (again) through the BJT’s output, at this point we have zero degree phase shift with regard to
Arduino’s output. The small signal from the Arduino is currently boosted with precisely identical phase difference.

Construction of Three Phase Transformer Using Three Single Phase

Transformer:
At this point here is the most fascinating portion of the venture, we intend to build a 3 phase transformer using 3 unique
common step-down transformers.
We are able to consider three single phase transformers and hook up their particular main windings one another and
secondary windings one another in star or delta settings or one of the windings in star and other in delta construction, now
we are able to apply it with 3 phase supply.

In this instance the output is set up in “star” with a neutral point extracted from the center of the star connection, while the
different side of transformer is linked in delta configuration as highlighted below:
Some conditions associated with three phase transformer:
Phase Voltage: The voltage in between neutral and any one of the phases in “star” arrangement is known as Phase Voltage.

In this instance the anticipated phase voltage is 220V at the output.

Line Voltage: The voltage in between any 2 phases is known as Line Voltage.

In such cases the anticipated phase voltage between any two phases is 440V at the output.
The delta-star (wye) transformers are generally useful for industrial and business applications. Merging 3 single phase
transformers can be a popular exercise for production single three phase transformer for cost efficiency and decreasing the
weight.

Advantage and disadvantage of this three phase inverter circuit:

Advantages:

Easiest design and style, even a newbie to advanced enthusiast can reproduce this circuit.
No need to buy costly 3 phase transformer, three “single phase step-down transformers” are adequate.
Disadvantage:

The output is square wave that is not well suited for many inductive loads.