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VARIETIES OF SECULARISM
IN A SECULAR AGE
Eaited by
Micuart, WARNER
JONATHAN VANANTWERPEN
Crarc CALHOUN
HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England 2010
vuniversmir Been
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2 U3B 1SBelief, Spirituality, and ‘Time
Wauraw B, Conwony
No one has asked me to directa film, That is understand-
able, since I lack the skill todo so. Bue stil ti frustrating. There are activi-
ties that need to be seen, or at least visualized, for us to appreciate and in
temnalize them. Recent work in neuroscience, for instance, suggests that
visualization of an activity in te sight mood i effective at installing icon the
lower-frequency registers of affective cognitive life* Mystics have knawa this
for centuries, but the neuroscience evidence is nice to have too, Anyway, after
‘watching The Da Vinet Code a film I attended with high hopes, I again fle the
urge to directa film. For the theopolities forming the ostensible abject of this
film faltered,
Solet’s imagine a sequel, one to visualize as we proceed. It stars Angelina
Jolie and George Clooney. After 2 steamy scene reenaeting the passion that
threw Jesus and Mary Magdelene together forthe first time, the adventurers
See for eampl, he symposiom a he mind oly ton organic by Antonio Danni,
publ in Dds in dhe ser of 206 The ey bythe Demason an Geral Pela te
artic revo, with he ist dics the epee ofthe dorey of “lor neon
for underandng how he socal af expenence peste ingle andthe ced gpg hat
onsen afew exher tans nec action My ex in hese seks
to comet themes eurcencs oan andersding of how aces wo onthe a
‘synur of clr ete penne naps 7
ponder again the diverse forms Christianity has assumed, They ask not only
hhow variable ic was daring that long, bumpy period berween the sayings of
Jesus andthe late 80s, when the priority ofthe crucifixion, resurrection, and
“Thniny were set in stone by he Church and Emperor Theodosius; they also
ponder what it might become during a time when several world religions
‘again intensify conflict within and across teritoral regimes, Tey sense that
plasty of creeds will always bloom in a world of becoming, unless several
‘ve crushed, And they are impressed with how the acceleration of pace in
several zones of fe roday exacerbates these venders
“They sense, with Charles Taylor, thatthe secular conception of homoge-
neous time in which that fst adventure was set formed par ofthe problem.
So they read and recite sections from Bergton and Proust ro each other at
night, allowing Bergson to teach them the importance of dwelling ccasion-
ally in pregnant moments ia which layers of the past and forare anticipation
reverberate back and forth, and allowing Proust to provide hints about how
to prime themselves to sink into suels moments if and when they start of
their own accord, (It san arthouse film.) One night they ponder the lie of
Jesusefore going to bed.
‘As Sopie dreams that night about the wold of her putative grandfather
and grandmother to the nth degree, che sereen flashes to Jesus, standing
in the midst of an unruly crowd. ‘This dissent rabbi sometimes calls him:
self “the son of man"—almost asf any man whatever could have sired him,
He communes with the restive crowd in word teanslted into English from
the earliest written version of che gospel: “Rabbi cis woman was caught
in adultery in the very act. Moses, in the Lav demanded us to stone such
women to death, what do you sa?" But Jesus stooped down and with his fin-
ger wroteon the ground, And as they continued to question him, he stood up
and sud to them, ‘Let whoever of yous sinless be the frst to throw a stone at
ben’ And again he stooped down and wrote on the ground.”*
“The judgment is distinctive. Peshaps even more notable is how i arrives.
[As Jess stoops and draws dreamily on the ground with his inge, he may al
low the indignity of his earthy conception, the shame of being born of an
‘unwed mother, the plight of his people under the yoke of empire, the danger
Sse Mii Th ap gn Me Yk pes ht
terof the vengeful crow the Mossc code he and they have absorbed che acute
danget facing the acoued woman before him, ands own unconventional
tlaton o Mary Magilene to mingle together ina crystal of time. new
rani crystals a thee lyers of memory. prestre, and concern rer
berate together new station. Cae fr he worl, informed by exit
sens to an unpredictable moment, merely es conditions of peasy
fort
"The sequel present further adventures by the sense couple, But we
serra content wi hie or ow
Such 2 creative moment in the life of Jesus does not mesh neatly with those
‘modern doctrines of time, secularism, and exclusive humanism reviewed
bby Charles Taylor. It does not because it focuses on a fecund moment of
dwelling in duration that punctuates the secular time of everycly perception,
judgment, and action, During such a moment multiple layers ofthe past and
‘elements unfolding in the current situation reverberate back and forth, some.
‘times issuing in something new asif ic came from nowhere. The new is ush:
cred into being through 2 process that exceeds rational calculation and/or
the derivation of practical implications from a universal principle, It remains
{to be seen whether such a process can be as well understood through an imn-
‘manent philosophy of becoming as through a theclogy of transcendence.
‘Te event could be endowed with transcendent meaning. Many read it
that way. Hu I think it can also be folded into the tradition of immanent natu
salism Taylor characterizes, os long as that tradition is protected from the
reading of Nietzsche that Taylor brings to it. [have reviewed differences be-
‘ween his reading of Nietzsche and mine elsewhere, and will not rehearse
them here?
Instead, I draw upon a wider band of immanent naturalists who find time
two be composed of multiple force fields periodically interacting in an open
“universe without divine transcendence, When Taylor contrasts a philosophy
‘of pure immanence to one that goes through immanence to transcendence,
2 wim Cons. “Catt ad Porapy: A Nene Apprecition"in Chases Ty
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ELISE, SPIRITUALITY, AND TIME
be often distinguishes between them by calling the first open-and the second
closed.‘ There are immanent naturalists who fit that description, contending
that in principle everything is perfectly explicable through universal laws, But
1 am interested in that version of immanent naturalism which projects an
‘open temporal horizon exceeding human mastery thats irreducible to both,