NOTA DESAIN

Instalasi Pengolahan Air LImbah di Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda

Daftar Isi

DAFTAR ISI................................................................................................... i
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ v
DAFTAR GAMBAR....................................................................................... vi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................. 1-1

1.1. LATAR BELAKANG.......................................................................... 1-1
1.2. MAKSUD, TUJUAN DAN SASARAN............................................... 1-1
1.2.1. Maksud............................................................................................ 1-1
1.2.2. Tujuan.............................................................................................. 1-1
1.2.3. Sasaran yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah:........................ 1-2
1.3. LINGKUP KEGIATAN DED.............................................................. 1-2
1.4. LOKASI KEGIATAN DED................................................................. 1-3

BAB II KONSEP PERANCANGAN............................................................... 2-7

2.1. STANDAR KUALITAS AIR BUANGAN............................................. 2-7
2.2. KARAKTERISTIK AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK.................................... 2-8
2.3. KONSEP PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK........................ 2-13
2.3.1. Sistem Pengolahan Biologi Aerobik................................................. 2-19
2.3.2. Parameter Perencanaan.................................................................. 2-24
2.4. PENERAPAN SISTEM PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH KOTA
SAMARINDA.................................................................................... 2-27
2.4.1. Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)..................................................... 2-28
2.4.2. Anaerobic Upflow Filter (AUF).......................................................... 2-32
2.4.3. Teknologi Lambda............................................................................ 2-34
2.5. TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH DOMESTIK TERPILIH........ 2-34
2.6. SISTEM JARINGAN AIR LIMBAH.................................................... 2-36
2.7. KRITERIA PERENCANAAN............................................................. 2-37
2.7.1. Sistem Pengaliran Air Limbah.......................................................... 2-37

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Instalasi Pengolahan Air LImbah di Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda

2.7.2. Jaringan Pipa Air Limbah................................................................. 2-37

2.7.3. Fluktuasi Pengaliran Air Limbah (Flow Rate)................................... 2-38
2.7.4. Kemiringan Pipa............................................................................... 2-39
2.7.5. Kecepatan Aliran.............................................................................. 2-40
2.7.6. Penempatan dan Pemasangan Saluran........................................... 2-40
2.7.7. Kedalaman Pipa............................................................................... 2-41
2.7.8. Perencanaan Jaringan Air Limbah................................................... 2-41
2.8. Evaluasi dan Perhitungan Air Limbah.............................................. 2-43

BAB III HASIL PERHITUNGAN.................................................................... 3-55

3.1. PERIODE PERENCANAAN............................................................. 3-55

3.2. Perhitungan Rancangan IPAL.......................................................... 3-55
3.2.1. Unit Sump Well................................................................................ 3-55
3.2.2. Bak Pengendap............................................................................... 3-56
3.2.3. Anaerobic Baffled Reaktor (ABR)..................................................... 3-58
3.2.4. Bak Proses Nitrifikasi....................................................................... 3-59

BAB 2 DESKRIPSI DAERAH PERENCANAAN....................................... 2-1

2.1. LETAK GEOGRAFIS........................................................................ 2-1
2.2. GEOLOGI, GEOHIDROLOGI DAN KLIMATOLOGI......................... 2-3
2.3. KEPENDUDUKAN........................................................................... 2-5
2.4. TATA RUANG WILAYAH KOTA MEDAN.......................................... 2-7
2.5. KONDISI EKSISTING PENGELOLAAN AIR LIMBAH
KOTA MEDAN.................................................................................. 2-9
2.5.1. Cakupan Pelayanan Air Limbah Kota Medan................................... 2-10
2.5.2. Tarif Retribusi................................................................................... 2-12
2.5.3. Permasalahan.................................................................................. 2-13
2.6. STRATEGI SANITASI KOTA MEDAN.............................................. 2-13

BAB 3 TANGGAPAN DAN SARAN TERHADAP.......................................

KERANGKA ACUAN KERJA.......................................................... 3-1

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Instalasi Pengolahan Air LImbah di Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda

3.1. TANGGAPAN TERHADAP KERANGKA ACUAN KERJA (KAK)...... 3-1

3.1.1. Tanggapan Terhadap Lingkup Kegiatan........................................... 3-1
3.1.2. Tanggapan Terhadap Kebutuhan Personil....................................... 3-2
3.1.3. Tanggapan Terhadap Kebijakan Pengelolaan Air Limbah................ 3-3

BAB 4 PENDEKATAN DAN METODOLOGI............................................... 4-1

4.1. PENDEKATAN UMUM..................................................................... 4-1
4.1.1. Pendekatan Indikator Kelayakan...................................................... 4-1
4.1.2. Identifikasi Permasalahan................................................................ 4-2
4.1.3. Pola Pikir Panjang............................................................................ 4-3
4.1.4. Arah Pengembangan Pengelolaan Air Limbah................................. 4-4
4.2. PENDEKATAN PEMENUHAN KELAYAKAN PROYEK.................... 4-5
4.2.1. Pendekatan Teknis........................................................................... 4-5
4.2.2. Pendekatan Ekonomis..................................................................... 4-6
4.2.3. Pendekatan Kelembagaan............................................................... 4-7
4.2.4. Pendekatan Sosial........................................................................... 4-7
4.2.5. Pendekatan Lingkungan.................................................................. 4-8
4.2.6. Proses Penyusunan Studi Kelayakan.............................................. 4-9
4.2.7. Penentuan Skema Dasar................................................................. 4-10
4.3. SURVEY DAN PENGUMPULAN DATA........................................... 4-11
4.3.1. Prediksi dan Perencanaan Fasilitas................................................. 4-11
4.3.2. Penentuan Rancangan Sistem dan Evaluasi................................... 4-12
4.4. METODOLOGI PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN................................ 4-12
4.4.1. Perencanaan Jaringan Pipa Air Limbah........................................... 4-14
4.4.2. Perencanaan IPAL........................................................................... 4-16

BAB 5 RENCANA DAN JADWAL PEKERJAAN........................................ 5-1

5.1. JADWAL PELAKSANAAN KEGIATAN............................................. 5-1
5.1.1. Pekerjaan Persiapan........................................................................ 5-1
5.1.2. Survey dan Pengumpulan Data....................................................... 5-2
5.1.3. Analisa Data dan Kajian Konsep...................................................... 5-2
5.1.4. Penyusunan Rencana Pengembangan............................................ 5-3
5.2. PENGUMPULAN DATA LAPANGAN................................................ 5-4
5.3. MOBILISASI PERSONIL.................................................................. 5-5

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Instalasi Pengolahan Air LImbah di Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda

5.3.1. Jadwal Penugasan Personil............................................................. 5-5

5.3.3. Tugas dan Tanggung Jawab Personil.............................................. 5-7
5.3.4. Kendali Mutu (Quality Assurance).................................................... 5-8

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Instalasi Pengolahan Air LImbah di Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda

Daftar Tabel

Tabel 2.1. Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik............................................. 2-7

Tabel 2.2. Karakteristik Air Limbah Kota Samarinda................................ 2-8
Tabel 2.3. Perbandingan Secara Kualitatif Antara Sistem Pengolahan
Limbah Cair Secara Fisik-Kimia dan Secara Biologis............. 2-17
Tabel 2.4. Perbandingan Kualitatif Sistem Pengolahan Limbah Cair
Secara Sistem Aerobik dan Anaerobik.................................... 2-18
Tabel 2.5. Parameter Rancangan Sistem Pengolahan Limbah Cair
Dengan Sistem Biologi-Aerobik.............................................. 2-24
Tabel 2.6. Fluktuasi Debit Air Limbah Terhadap Debit Rata-Rata............ 2-39
Tabel 2.7. Tipikal Harga Koefisien Kekasaran Manning, yang
sering digunakan.................................................................... 2-39
Tabel 3.1. Perhitungan Rancangan IPAL (Sump Well) di Kota
Samarinda.............................................................................. 3-56
Tabel 3.2. Perhitungan Pompa IPAL Di Sump Well................................. 3-56
Tabel 3.3. Perhitungan Rancangan IPAL (Sedimentasi) di Kota
Samarinda.............................................................................. 3-57
Tabel 3.4. Perhitungan Praktis (ABR) Ipal Kawasan Permukiman
Sungai Dama.......................................................................... 3-58
Tabel 3.5. Perhitungan kebutuhan Oksigen dan Blower untuk
Proses Nitrifikasi..................................................................... 3-60

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Instalasi Pengolahan Air LImbah di Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda

Daftar Gambar

Gambar 1.1. Peta Area Pelayanan IPAL Skala Kawasan Permukiman

Sungai Dama Kec. Samarinda Ilir........................................... 1-4
Gambar 1.2. Lay Out IPAL Komunal Skala Kawasan Permukiman
Sungai Dama Kec. Samarinda Ilir........................................... 1-5
Gambar 1.3. Skematik IPAL Komunal Skala Kawasan Permukiman
Sungai Dama Kec. Samarinda Ilir........................................... 1-6
Gambar 2.1. Skematik Sistem Pengolahan Lumpur Aktif............................ 2-19
Gambar 2.2. Contoh Sistem Lumpur Aktif di Waduk Melati Jakarta, 2007... 2-20
Gambar 2.3. Contoh Sistem Lumpur Aktif Labuan Bajo Tahun 2017........... 2-20
Gambar 2.4. Skematik Sistem Saluran Oksidasi......................................... 2-22
Gambar 2.5. Sistem Trickling Filter.............................................................. 2-23
Gambar 2.6. Sistem Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)........................... 2-23
Gambar 2.7. Dokumentasi Sistem Rotating Biological Contactor
(RBC), Banjarmasin, 2006...................................................... 2-23
Gambar 2.8. Contoh Bioaktivator, Waduk Melati, 2007................................ 2-24
Gambar 2.9. Bioactivator Waduk Melati Jakarta Pusat November 2007...... 2-27
Gambar 2.10. Pelataran/Halamam IPAL Waduk Melati, Jakarta 2007........... 2-27
Gambar 2.11. Sistem Reaktor Anaerobik Bersekat + Nitrifikasi..................... 2-28
Gambar 2.12. Anaerobic Upflow Filter (AUF) atau Filter Anaerob Aliran
Keatas.................................................................................... 2-32
Gambar 2.13. Penampang Pipa Air Limbah................................................... 2-37
Gambar 2.14. Rencana Lokasi IPAL dan Peta Jaringan Air Limbah.............. 2-42

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Instalasi Pengolahan Air LImbah di Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda