Thyripol S English

Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical / Technical Description / February 2016
SPPA-E3000
Static Excitation Systems (SES)
Static excitation systems for excitation and voltage regulation of synchronous

machines
Answers for energy.

Siemens Energy Sector Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical
Table of contents
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Basic circuit ............................................................................................................................................. 4
3. Basic Module (mech. design)...................................................................................................................... 5
4. Equipment scope ....................................................................................................................................... 7
5. Method of operation ................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1 Automatic voltage regulator .............................................................................................................. 13
5.2 Field current regulator....................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Other modes .................................................................................................................................... 13
5.4 Tracking control ............................................................................................................................... 13
5.5 Excitation limiter ............................................................................................................................. 14
5.6 Power system stabilizer (PSS)............................................................................................................ 14
5.7 Control ........................................................................................................................................... 14
6. Software ................................................................................................................................................ 15
7. Application ............................................................................................................................................ 16
8. Technical specifications ........................................................................................................................... 17
9. Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... 18
2 Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2016. All rights reserved

1. Introduction
®
The SPPA-E3000 SES type THYRIPOL (SPPA Siemens
Power Plant Automation) is a static excitation system that is
suitable for every type of synchronous generator or
synchronous compensator. It is suitable for use in hydro,
steam, or gas power plants.
It is easily adapted to the conditions in the plant, making it
optimally suitable for both new plants and modernization of
existing plants.
Numerous flexible, project-specific adaptations are possible
to take account of the technical conditions when
modernizing plants.
This document describes the SES static excitation system

for rated field currents up to 2000 A and provides
information on the optional load-dependent variant
THYRIPOL® -L.
It is only possible to provide a rough idea of the large
number of auxiliary equipment items and options that can be
supplied for plant-specific designs.
The essential operating characteristics of the ®

Fig. 1: Example: THYRIPOL cubicle group
®
THYRIPOL -S excitation system are:
■ High level of safety ®

Fig. 1: Example of the THYRIPOL -S static excitation system
■ Great availability
■ Easy adaptability
■ Low maintenance requirement
■ Fast response
■ Good closed-loop control characteristics
■ Robust design
A voltage regulator based completely on digital technology controls the excitation of the synchronous machine directly through a
thyristor converter.
The voltage regulator contains a powerful microprocessor, which takes care of both voltage regulation and all important limiting
and monitoring functions in the excitation system as well as generating the delay angle for the converter.
A high level of availability is achieved with the use of tried and tested industrial components.
The consistently modular design pays off in the extremely easy operation and service.
A short description of the basic modules of the basic circuit and a detailed account of the scope of devices and components and
how they work are provided below.

2. Basic circuit
■ Excitation transformer (1)
On the primary side, the converter transformer is connected to the terminals of the synchronous machine and is used as a
power source for the field-circuit rectifier. The converter transformer can optionally be connected to the medium-voltage system
of the power plant auxiliary power supply.
■ Thyristor converter (2)
The thyristor converter consists of a fully controlled compact converter.
■ De-excitation device (3), (4), (5)
The de-excitation device consists of the field circuit breaker (3) on the supply side (optionally also output side) of the thyristor
converter, combined with the overvoltage protection SICROWBAR (4) and the field discharge resistor (5)
■ Overvoltage protection (4)
The crowbar overvoltage protection is connected directly to the DC output of the thyristor converter and prevents any
overvoltages that may arise from faults in the synchronous machine.
■ Open- and Close-Loop control (6), (7)
The controller consists of the voltage regulator (6) for regulating the generator terminal voltage and the independent manual
regulator (7) for regulating the field current Both regulators are implemented in a powerful module, which also performs all
higher-level control, monitoring, and communication tasks.
■ Trigger set (8)
The trigger set function and monitoring near to the converter are performed by a SINAMICS DC-MASTER compact station
series 6RA80 for converter powers up to approx. 2,000 A.
■ Excitation build-up (9)
There is also a field-flashing circuit (9) as an auxiliary item of equipment, which initiates targeted excitation build-up
independently of the remanent voltage of the synchronous machine.
6 8
SG 3
3~
4
5
2
9
Fig. 2: Basic circuit of the static excitation system THYRIPOL®

3. Basic Module (mech. design)

®
The THYRIPOL -S excitation system is installed in a standard cubicle group, which is specially designed for the use of electronic
closed- and open-loop control systems in conjunction with power electronics. A modular design and easily accessibility of all
components simplify handling of all functions and optimization equipment. The dimensions of the standard cubicle group are 1600
mm wide, 2200 mm high, and 600 mm deep. The easy adaptation to the needs of the plant and, especially conversions in existing
plants, can result in deviations from the above dimensions.
Open- and closed-loop control cubicle

This cubicle (Fig. 3) groups together all open- and closed-loop
control equipment of the excitation system and controls for local
operation. Redundant SIMOTION D435-
These include the measuring transducers for voltage and current, 2 regulator module
the voltage regulator, the field current regulator, the current
limiting controller, optional local control unit, and, if optionally
included, additional control, monitoring, or protection equipment.
The same cubicle also contains all power supply modules for the
regulators and trigger sets mentioned above.
It also encloses the electronic control equipment, the contactors,
protective circuit breakers, measuring and auxiliary relays and
matching transformers for connecting the auxiliary voltage.
The core components of the open- and closed-loop control

cubicle are the SIMOTION D435-2 modules with analog/binary
input/output and communication modules.
All these components are used in standard industrial equipment
in use all over the world, ensuring great robustness and high
availability.
The following functions are implemented on the SIMOTION

D435-2:
· Closed-loop control (see Chapter 5.1)
· Limitations (see Chapter 5.5)
· Power system stabilizer (PSS, see Chapter 5.6)
· Internal control and monitoring of the plant
· Communication with the I&C
· Operator control and monitoring
Redundant current and

voltage actual-value sensing
Fig. 3: Redundantly designed regulator cubicle

SIMOTION D435-2 Control ■ Number of IOs that can

Unit. Programmable be configured
controller: ■ Freely programmable IO
modules
■ Interfaces: 8 DI, 8 DI/DO ■ Available as digital and
■ 4 DRIVE-CLiQ analog inputs/outputs
■ 2 Profibus
■ 2 Ethernet
■ 2 USB
■ 1 option slot
Fig. 4: SIMOTION D435-2 processor module Fig. 5: Interface modules (example: TM15 / TM30)
This I/O component

acquires, converts, and
transmits the control actual
values.
■ Accuracy: 0.5%
■ Resolution: 14 bits
■ Sampling rate: 100 µs
■ 2 additional process
inputs: 0..20mA and
0..10V
■ Voltage inputs (3-phase):
100/110/120 V
■ Current inputs (2-phase
or 3-phase): 1/5A
Fig. 6: SIMOTION D435-2 processor module
The interaction between the core components is schematically illustrated in Fig. 15 for a 2-channel fully redundant voltage
regulator (2 automatic / 2 manual channels).

4.Equipment scope
Excitation transformer
A converter transformer, e.g. of the cast-resin type GEAFOL ®, is
provided to supply the excitation system with power. The
®
GEAFOL design avoids the restrictions of liquid-filled
transformers while benefiting from their advantages, such as
reliability and a long life.
The transformers are designed for installation in a metal or

masonry transformer cell and for equipment with:
■ Temperature monitoring for alarm and tripping
■ Cable connection to the high voltage and low voltage side
The cast-resin insulation enables maintenance-free operation of

the transformer. This also makes the winding moisture-resistant
and tropic-proof, as well as self-extinguishing. The transformer
has an aluminum winding. This has a very similar coefficient of
thermal expansion to the cast resin. This design also provides a
high level of electrical safety and resistance to high-voltage
pulses.
The following options are possible:

■ Design of the converter transformer as an oil-immersed
transformer as is suitable for the installation conditions
■ Transformer enclosure with / without connections to the
generator leads
■ Design with 3 single-phase converter transformers with Fig. 7: Example: cast-resin converter transformer
segregated generator leads

Thyristor converter
Depending on the redundancy requirements, the thyristor
converter comprises one or two adjacent cubicles with
■ the power thyristors,
■ the associated heat sinks,
■ arm-circuit fuses,
■ monitoring equipment and
■ the triggering units for the thyristors.
The thyristor converter is designed as a fully controlled 6-pulse

three-phase bridge circuit, which receives power from a
converter transformer. As shown in Fig. 9, any value between the
two limits for the ceiling voltage U p and the maximum negative
field voltage Ufu can be reached practically without delay with the
converter. Fig. 8: SINAMICS DCM
The largest negative field voltage Ufu is reached at approx. 80%

of the ceiling voltage Up, considering a safety distance from the
limit of inverter stability. This permits extraordinarily fast
elimination of the field current If to zero. That is particularly useful
on load rejection when power-frequency overvoltages have to be
reduced. The diagram under the basic circuit (Fig. 9) shows the
field voltage Uf and the field current I f, versus time when control
switches to full overexcitation at instant t1 and control switches to
full inverter operation at instant t 2. As of t3, the field current has
decayed and inverter operation can be terminated.
The maximum rate of change of the field current depends on the

two limits and the time constant in the field circuit of the
synchronous machine. The time constant depends on the load
condition of the synchronous machine. For the ceiling voltage,
minimum values are prescribed in the standards, but these are
often exceeded to take account of special requirements for
control response.
By connecting inverters in parallel, it is possible to implement

redundancy (2x100%) for load distribution among the converter
bridges. High-breaking-capacity semiconductor fuses protect the
thyristors in the event of short-circuits on the DC or three-phase
side.
Thyristors that have become defective due to a fault are isolated
by the semiconductor fuse so that operation with the remaining
parallel arms can continue under nominal conditions without
interrupting operation.
Protection from overvoltages is achieved by using high-blocking

capability thyristors. Series connection is usually unnecessary
because of the high off-state voltages of modern thyristors.
As a special use case, a diode converter (B6) can be connected

in series with the fully controlled three-phase thyristor converter
(B6C). The diode converter is fed from a transformer-reactor,
which provides a voltage that is proportional to the generator
stator current. This enables generator-load-dependent support of
the field current and makes for a highly dynamic control response
to support the generator voltage on load changes and on short-
circuits in the power system. This option is designated Fig. 9: 6-pulse thyristor converter bridge
®
THYRIPOL -L excitation system. (L: load-dependent)
To dissipate the heat of the converter losses, redundant radial fans are provided as a built-on element on top of the converter
cubicles. If SIMOREG compact units are used, a powerful fan is integrated into each device. A redundant fan design is also
possible as an option.

Overvoltage protection
If the field winding of a synchronous machine is connected to a
controlled or uncontrolled converter, overvoltages cannot be
prevented without special protection measures. These
overvoltages can arise due to injected currents, which are
transferred to the field circuit when operational faults occur on the
three-phase side of the synchronous machine. They can also
occur on switching operations in the three-phase supply circuit of
the excitation system.
The excitation system is therefore equipped with a crowbar surge

suppressor. This uses anti-parallel connected thyristors, which
are parallel to the field winding of the synchronous machine and
to the converter output.
In the event of a fault, these thyristors in the surge suppressor

are fired via a BOD (break-over diode) element. They are able to
carry high current for a short time and at the same time to limit
the voltage in order to prevent impermissible voltage loads on the
converter and the rotor. The firing voltage of the BOD element is
below the maximum permissible repetitive peak off-state voltage
(URRM) of the converter thyristors. (see Fig. 12)
A monitoring device signals that the surge suppressor has Fig. 10: Example: SICROWBAR surge suppressor (over-
responded to protect the generator. voltage protection), type 7VV3003
De-excitation device
The de-excitation device must ensure de-excitation of the
synchronous machine independently of the control of the
excitation system. This includes reliable interruption between the
excitation power source (converter transformer) and the field
®
winding of the generator. The THYRIPOL excitation system
therefore has an incoming circuit breaker on the three-phase side
of the field-circuit rectifier, which disconnects the converter and
therefore the field of the generator from the converter transformer Three-phase
in 3 poles. Alternatively, the DC side can also be disconnected by supply
a field circuit breaker instead of disconnection on the three-phase
side.
In any case, the field circuit of the generator must remain closed Sequence:
because otherwise high overvoltages occur. For this purpose, the 1 Field winding
n Firing pulse blocked
2 Field discharge resistor
crowbar is actively fired with the de-excitation command, such as n AC-fieldcircuit breaker opened and
3 Overvoltage protection
reduction of energy in field winding via
protective de-excitation, and the field discharge resistor in the 4 Rectifier
the field discharge resistor
5 AC-Field circuit breaker
field circuit is switched on. The excitation energy is decreased in
this together with the field winding. This resistor also determines
the de-excitation time and, because the current is load- Fig. 11: Schematic view of the de-excitation device
independent, the voltage applied to the field winding and the
thyristors of the converter.

As standard, the field discharge resistor is implemented as a cast-iron resistor with a linear current-voltage characteristic. In
special cases and as an option, a resistor with a non-linear current-voltage characteristics can be connected instead of the linear
field discharge resistor.
To increase safety and to permit operational de-excitation, control of the converter into inverter mode is also provided (see Fig.
12). In this case, the negative voltage -0.8 x UfD is applied to the field winding of the generator as a negative field voltage. In this
case, the thyristor bridge functions in inverter mode with α = 150° el and reduces the field current to zero within a short time. The
de-excitation time is largely determined by the magnitude of the negative field voltage.
Gate control voltage

of the BOD element
URRM repetitive
peak off-state voltage
Protection UfD ceiling voltage
range
UfN rated field voltage
Operation with Rated-load Operation with neg. ceiling voltage (inverter)

ceiling voltage operation UfN
Fig. 12: Overvoltage protection range and de-excitation via inverter operation
In inverter mode, the three-phase incoming circuit breaker / field circuit breaker is closed to enable the energy stored in the rotor to
flow back into the power system via the thyristor bridge, which is operating in inverter mode.
After the field current has been reduced to almost 0 A, the command stage of the digital trigger set automatically blocks the firing
pulses and the three-phase incoming circuit breaker / field circuit breaker is opened in an almost de-energized condition after de-
excitation.
For protective de-excitation, this method of inverter de-excitation is not possible. The de-excitation is then performed via the
SICROWBAR and field discharge resistor, as described above.

Supplying power to the excitation system and

field-flashing circuit
The standard application includes power supply to the
®
THYRIPOL excitation equipment from the generator terminals.
Powering the excitation system from the medium-voltage network
of the power plant auxiliary power supply is also possible as an
option.
However, when the excitation system is powered from the

generator terminals, field flashing either from the low-voltage
system of the power plant auxiliary power supply or from the
battery is required.
In the first case, the field-flashing circuit comprises a small
matching transformer and an uncontrolled rectifier, which can be
routed via a switching device parallel to the converter to the field
winding of the generator, or in the second case, a connection to
the power plant battery via a contactor, blocking diode, and
current limitation resistor.
All devices belonging to the function components "overvoltage

protection," "de-excitation device," and "field flashing" are
grouped together into one unit in common cubicles.
1 Converter transformer (1 three-phase transformer or
3 single-phase transformers)
2 Converter
3 Surge suppressor and de-excitation system
4 Field-flashing circuit for excitation build-up
5 Auxiliary voltage (connection to power plant battery
or auxiliary power supply
Fig. 13: Basic circuit diagram of the SES excitation system
Local operator control and monitoring unit

For local operation and monitoring of operating states and
measured values from the excitation system, and for signaling
faults and alarms, a SIMATIC HMI IPC477 operator control and
monitoring device is installed in the cubicle door of the open-loop
and closed-loop control cubicle.
Main functions and features of the visualization unit:
■ Display of operational and display values of both channels
■ Display of analog values
■ Password protection
■ Local operation of the excitation system
■ Display of fault messages and help with elimination of faults
Fig. 14: Local operator unit. Example with IPC477

Data exchange with the peripherals

As standard, data is exchanged from/to the excitation system via a PROFIBUS-DP interface with a baud rate of 12Mbit/s. With
redundant excitation systems, the PROFIBUS DP interface can also have a redundant design.
The essential control commands and checkback signals for operation and monitoring of the excitation system and fault messages
and measured values of the generator and field variables are transmitted.
Optionally, the signal interface can also be implemented with conventional wiring (hard wired) with coupling relays and opto-
couplers.
Profibus DP
Profibus DP
(option)
(option)
(e.g. TM31)
(e.g. TM31)
expansion
expansion
Channel 1
Channel 2
modules
modules
Optional
Optional
SIMOTION D435-2
SIMOTION D435-2
NTG-3000
NTG-3000
Channel 1
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel 2
Profinet
Profinet
(incl. thyristor bridge)
(incl. thyristor bridge)

SINAMICS DCM
SINAMICS DCM
Channel 1
Channel 2
Fig. 15: Schematic view of a fully redundant 2-channel voltage regulator
The internal communication between the components is shown in Fig. 15.
The open-loop and closed-loop control of the excitation system can be implemented either non-redundantly in 1 channel (1
automatic channel voltage regulator and 1 manual channel field-circuit rectifier) or fully redundantly in 2 channels (2 automatic
channel voltage regulator and 2 manual channel field-circuit rectifier), also with redundant actual-value sensing. The power supply
units for open-loop and closed-loop control are also implemented redundantly, both as 1 and 2-channel variants.

5. Method of operation
5.1 Automatic voltage regulator
The voltage at the generator terminals is the main controlled variable. Its setpoint can be varied during operation with the setpoint
adjuster by ±10% (depending on the generator). Moreover, the voltage can be controlled as a function of the reactive current to
stabilize the reactive power distribution over several generators that are run in parallel. This is done with an adjustable quadrature-
droop circuit, which can also be used to compensate for the voltage drop across the unit transformer.
The voltage regulator controls the setpoint formed in this way with an accuracy of < ±0.5% over the entire defined load range of the
synchronous machine. Above this load range, the synchronous machine can only be operated for a short time.
After a settable time, the excitation limiter intervenes to bring the field current back to the permissible value in such a case.
Further equipment features of the voltage regulator

■ Soft start function (permits controlled excitation build-up of the generator)
■ Tracking function between two regulator channels (with redundant, 2-channel systems)
■ Tracking function between manual (field current regulator) and automatic channel (automatic generator voltage regulator)
■ Black start of a de-energized power system
■ Electrical braking
■ Reactive power / power factor controller
■ Digital recording and monitoring function (TRACE function) for recording binary and analog signals in the excitation system
(option)
Automatic Voltage Regulator complies with IEEE 421.5 type ST6B model.
5.2 Field current regulator
The field current regulator is an additional control mode for the automatic voltage regulator.
The field current of the synchronous machine is adjusted to the field current setpoint adjuster. A field current regulator ensures that
the set value is maintained. The field current is measured internally in the SINAMICS DCM on the input side. In excitation devices
in SINAMICS DCM design, the field current is calculated from the three-phase input current of the converter. To be able to switch
bumpless from one mode (manual mode) to the other (automatic mode), the output signals of both regulators are compared and
track each other.
With the load-dependent THYRIPOL®-L excitation system, the field voltage is regulated instead of the field current.
5.3 Other modes
Power factor (cos j) or reactive power control at the generator terminal (automatic closed-loop control system)
In the cos j controller, the actual value is compared with a settable cos j setpoint. If a deviation is found, the setpoint of the
voltage regulator is varied until the cos j control deviation has been eliminated. In island operation or at no load of the machine,
switchover from cos j control to the automatic voltage regulator is automatic. The reactive power controller is also in operation.
5.4 Tracking control
During operation, the setpoints of all active modes are continuously tracked to enable fast and almost bumpless switchover.
Automatic switchover to the field current regulator is performed only in the event of a fault, including when internal monitoring
functions of the field current respond or on fault messages in the generator voltage actual-value sensing.
Tracking of the signals between the two channels is performed via Profinet (see Fig. 15).

5.5 Excitation limiter
Under-excitation limitation
By varying the setting of the voltage setpoint, this limitation prevents individual generators from moving too far into the under-
excited range during low-load periods. The excitation is increased without regard for the terminal voltage as soon as the settable
limit characteristic is reached. The limit characteristic, which is coordinated with the machine protection, is formed by comparing
the generator terminal voltage and a variable that depends on the stator current and the electrical angle between the voltage and
the current. This enables good adaptation to the stability limit when operating in parallel with the grid.
Over-excitation limitation
The excitation limiter intervenes with a time delay in such a way as to temporarily enable enhanced grid support followed by a
voltage reduction. The excitation limiter permits a maximum ceiling current for a time of < 10s. If the voltage in the power system is
to remain below the setpoint or the setpoint is to be adjusted to higher voltage values and the power limits of the generator are
preventing the generator from taking the actual value to this setpoint, the excitation limiter will intervene.
Stator current limitation

In the range of high active power or low voltage, the generator stator current can exceed its rated value despite field current
limitation. To avoid such operating conditions, the stator current limiter, which acts via excitation of the generator, is provided.
V/Hz limitation
Generators are usually insensitive to high induction of short duration. The load caused by a frequency reduction for large
transformers is more critical because, in this case, localized eddy currents occur during excessive induction, which can result in
thermal overload. To avoid a power system collapse in such a case, it is better to reduce the voltage with the frequency, i.e. to use
a V/Hz limitation.
5.6 Power system stabilizer (PSS)
The PSS complies with IEEE 421.5 type 2B model (Dual Input PSS) or optionally PSS3B (Dual Input PSS). The active power and
the compensated frequency are used as the input variables. Both input variables are calculated from the 3-phase stator variables
(currents and voltage) of the generator by means of a calculation algorithm.
In the natural frequency range of the machine and power system, it exerts a damping influence via the voltage regulator and
generator excitation.
A PSS is recommended for power systems with long transmission lines, whose static stability is at risk and in which the natural
damping characteristic of the generator is insufficient.
5.7 Control
Each operating condition of the excitation system is monitored and displayed. The internal monitoring sequence provides the
following messages at the cubicle terminal in addition to the internal display:
■ Fault with protection off command

■ Fault in the automatic closed-loop control system and switchover to the manual closed-loop control system
■ Group message of various internal fault signals
Operational messages are also provided for external display:
■ Excitation is on
■ Excitation is off
■ Automatic closed-loop control system is on
■ Manual closed-loop control system is on
■ cos j control/reactive power control is on
■ Limitations active
For customer-specific design in modernization projects, further detailed messages are optionally possible.

6. Software
Operator-friendly software tools (Web server) ensure convenient commissioning and maintenance of the excitation system. The
regulator can be parameterized completely with the Web server.
For this purpose, the voltage regulator is connected to a PC via an Ethernet interface and configured via this.
The current parameter values can be displayed directly in the parameter list. After selection of a certain parameter, it can be
modified by entering a new value. Several predefined parameter lists for certain applications (e.g. inputs/outputs) and a complete
parameter list are available. A separate parameter list can also be compiled by entering the parameter numbers.
It is also possible to store the current parameterization on data media. This provides a way of documenting the actual condition of
the voltage regulator.
®
THYRIPOL -S has a TRACE memory. This is an important tool not only for commissioning, but also for diagnostics and
troubleshooting. With the TRACE function, up to 128 analog values of any type (measurement channels) can be recorded in a
similar way to a storage oscilloscope, and up to 8 of these can be displayed simultaneously. Each measuring channel can
alternatively be used for recording 16 binary values.
A convenient trigger can be used to start recording. When the pretrigger is set, the pre-event and post-event history around the
instant of the trigger event are recorded. The depth of recording can be configured. The sampling interval between two measuring
points is 1.25 ms.
Fig. 16: View of measured variables from the TRACE

®
memory THYRIPOL -S

7. Application
Static excitation systems
SES
1 10 100 1000 Generator

power
[MVA]
Fig. 17: Applications of the SPPA-E3000 SES excitation systems
In the upper power range, the converters of the SES excitation systems are implemented as thyristor stacks. In the lower power
range, on the other hand, SIMOREG DC-MASTER compact units are mainly used.
Example of a design in the

lower power range
1. Two-channel open-loop and closed-loop
control with a IPC477 local operator unit
2. SINAMCS DC Master compact unit with a
thyristor converter, AC power supply
3. AC incoming circuit breaker, excitation
build-up circuit, and de-excitation
1 2 3
Fig. 18: Excitation system with 2 x 100% converter compact units and integrated redundant regulator

8. Technical specifications
The excitation system is designed in compliance with the valid IEC, VDE, DIN, and IEEE standards. Requirements from customer
specifications can also be considered.
The design is based on the following definitions of the VDI/ VDE guidelines 3680, sheet 2:
■ Rated field voltage Ufn

The voltage that must be applied to the field winding at the nominal power, nominal power factor, and rated speed of the
synchronous machine at the operating temperature to generate the rated field current I fN.
■ Rated current of the excitation system I EN
The current that the synchronous machine requires as the field current at maximum continuous operating values is decisive for
rating the excitation system components and is therefore defined as the rated current of the excitation system. It should be at
least IEN > 1.05 IfN
■ Excitation system ceiling current Ip
The maximum excitation system output current is called the ceiling current of the excitation system I p. It should be at least 1.4
times the rated field current IfN for a period of at least 10 s.
■ Excitation system ceiling voltage Up
The ceiling current is defined as the maximum voltage that the excitation system can output at full deflection of the final control
element toward positive voltage values. Depending on the connection circuit, it depends on the operating state of the
synchronous machine, the field current source, and the change over time of this operating state.
Depending on the excitation system, the following factors are considered by default:
®
■ THYRIPOL ≥ 1.6 UfN
®
■ THYRIPOL -L ≥ 1.4 UfN
For the voltage rating of the excitation system, the nominal ceiling voltage is decisive. The nominal value of the power source is
based on it as the supply voltage of the excitation system.
®
For the THYRIPOL excitation system, that means, on connection to the generator terminals, the rated voltage is assumed there
and the excitation system is loaded with the rated field current I fN of the generator.
®
In the case of the load-current dependent THYRIPOL -L excitation system, the rated current IGN flows in the stator of the
synchronous machine. This assumes the generator is at normal operating temperature.
Accuracy of the closed-loop control: 0.5% over the entire defined load range of the synchronous machine

9. Abbreviations
a Control angle of the converter - expressed in °el
AVR Automatic voltage regulator

B6C/ B6 6-pulse thyristor bridge circuit - controlled/ uncontrolled
BOD Break-over diode for protection against surges
®
GEAFOL Cast-resin transformer
IEN Rated current of the excitation system
If Field current of the generator
IfN Rated value of the field current
Ip Excitation system ceiling current
PSS Power system stabilizer
PROFIBUS DP Process Field Bus distributed I/Os
SG Synchronous Generator
SICROWBAR Surge suppressor module
SIMATIC S7-300 Controller with CPU, digital inputs and outputs, and communication module
SINAMICS DCM Compact converter of SINAMICS DCM of type 6RA80
SINAMICS CM Converter Control Module
®
SPPA Siemens Power Plant Automation
®
SPPA-E3000 Electrical engineering solutions of the Siemens Power Plant Automation
® ®
THYRIPOL -L Load-dependent THYRIPOL excitation system
Uf Voltage applied to the terminals of the field winding
Ufn Rated value of the field voltage
Ufu Negative field voltage
Up Excitation system ceiling voltage
UpL Load ceiling voltage of the excitation system
SES Static Excitation Systems
CES Compound Excitation System
BES Brushless (rotating) Excitation Systems
Up0 No-load ceiling voltage of the excitation system

Published by and copyright © 2016
Siemens AG
Power and Gas
Freyeslebenstrasse 1
91058 Erlangen, Germany
If you would like more information, please contact:
Siemens AG
Fossil Power Generation Division
Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical
Siemensallee 84
76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
E-mail: sppa-e3000.energy@siemens.com
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e3071_dt21_ses_thyripol_s_technbeschreib_e_v1-0-0_arbex-01.docx
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Instrumentation, Controls & Electrical / Technical Description / February 2016

Static excitation systems for excitation and voltage regulation of synchronous

Answers for energy.

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This document describes the SES static excitation system

The essential operating characteristics of the ®

■ High level of safety ®

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Fig. 2: Basic circuit of the static excitation system THYRIPOL®

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3. Basic Module (mech. design)

Open- and closed-loop control cubicle

The core components of the open- and closed-loop control

The following functions are implemented on the SIMOTION

Redundant current and

Fig. 3: Redundantly designed regulator cubicle

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SIMOTION D435-2 Control ■ Number of IOs that can

This I/O component

Fig. 6: SIMOTION D435-2 processor module

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The transformers are designed for installation in a metal or

The cast-resin insulation enables maintenance-free operation of

The following options are possible:

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The thyristor converter is designed as a fully controlled 6-pulse

The largest negative field voltage Ufu is reached at approx. 80%

The maximum rate of change of the field current depends on the

By connecting inverters in parallel, it is possible to implement

Protection from overvoltages is achieved by using high-blocking

As a special use case, a diode converter (B6) can be connected

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The excitation system is therefore equipped with a crowbar surge

In the event of a fault, these thyristors in the surge suppressor

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Gate control voltage

Operation with Rated-load Operation with neg. ceiling voltage (inverter)

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Supplying power to the excitation system and

However, when the excitation system is powered from the

All devices belonging to the function components "overvoltage

Fig. 13: Basic circuit diagram of the SES excitation system

Local operator control and monitoring unit

Fig. 14: Local operator unit. Example with IPC477

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Data exchange with the peripherals

(incl. thyristor bridge)

Fig. 15: Schematic view of a fully redundant 2-channel voltage regulator

The internal communication between the components is shown in Fig. 15.

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Further equipment features of the voltage regulator

5.2 Field current regulator

5.3 Other modes

5.4 Tracking control

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5.5 Excitation limiter

Stator current limitation

5.6 Power system stabilizer (PSS)

■ Fault with protection off command

Operational messages are also provided for external display:

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Fig. 16: View of measured variables from the TRACE

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