12 (a) Diagram 12.1 shows a bat using ultrasonic waves to detect obstacle .{
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan seekor kilawar sedang menggunakan gelombang ultrasonik untuk mengesan
di hadaPannYa.
:4:*ltEl
tl:{d,
] -:r,-"4if
(or>)
Diagraml2.l
Raiah 12.7
(ii) Explain how the ultrasonic waves are used by the bat to detect the distance of the obstacle.
14
penghalang
Terangkan bagaimana gelombang ultrasonik digunakan oleh kelawar untuk meng,esan iarak
14 mat
(b) A beam of sonar with speed 1450 m s-t sent to a shoal offish underneath a fishing boat.
Satu alur sonar dengan kelajuan 1450 m s't dihantar ke sekumpulan i,kanyang berada di bawah
bot nelayan'
Calculate
Hirung
(i) itreoeptrr of the shoal of fish when the echo returns after 100 milliseconds. 13
Kedalaman kumpulan ikan itu berada apabila gema diterima balik selepas lN milisaat. t3
(ii) The wavelength of the sonar waves when its frequency is 40 kHz' 12
t78
Three classrooms in your school are combined to
become a lecture hall'
rtga bilik dttrjah di sekolah anda di gabtmgkan untuk meniadi sebuah dewan kuliah'
Rendah
Table 12
Jadual 12
tl .*lqfur
s-d,*E€fu
you are asked to investigate the design of the sound system to produce better quality of
sound'
-- 'Riilil
system'
Explain the suitability of each characteristics of the sound
Determine the most suitable sound system'
' i Li-, Lir- Give reasons for Your choice'
menghasilkan kualiti bunyi yang lebih baik'
.\rula dikehendaki menyiasat rekabentuk sistem bunyi untuk
tersebut'
TerangkcLn kesesuaian setiap ciri pa(la sistem bunyi
Tentukan sistem buny-i yang paling sesuai
Be.rikan sebab-sebab uriuk pilihan anda'
ll0 marks)
ll0 markalt:
179
:ig ip$. !-
,,r,. It can .; . Aerodynarnic slr;rpe is prefbr-r.eil
scl that the . The period ol. time between the
efl'ect of air resistance can be reduced. sending
ancl receiving of thc ultrasonic
Bentuk oeroclinumik diytitih supcrya wave is
kesctn rrotcd. I lre distancc carr be eslirnated.
rin to n gun u dtt ro bole h tl i kt t.o n gkan. Tentltoh n1a.ta ontaro penghcufiar.an
. Superconductor is chosen. Superconductor clan . peneri.ntrrcrtt gclnmbriltg -urltr
asonik
is capable of conducting electricity di cct / utku n. Jat.alc ho Ie h tl iangta rkan.
without . Bats calt detect ultrasonic
any electrical resistanr:e. sor"rnd o1.
75 000 Ht.
Superlrctnrhrktc'r clipililt. Sulterkoncluklor
boleh Kelay,ut. boleh rtengetan bunt,i ttltrasonik
mengkoncltfuikon elektrik loLtpa
.sebarang ht rli.L Atrctrti 75 000 Hz.
t"tnlangLtn. (6) (i) t =. 1000 railiseconds/ miti,tarn
. B short coaches is chosen. ,[he 8 short 100
coacltes reclltce the ltegative inertial m00
impact
if the train stops sitciclerrly. -- 0. I seconds/,soar
8 gerobok pendelt tliltitih. g get.ubcrlt Deptlr of shoal of fish/ Keclakrman
pendek itti ktmpulan ikan
men5grangkottkesttnnego1ifbagiiner,siaiikcl :-f ,t I
should
upobilo tuf ahun enf in strnto c/engtut be large. This uill pl.event the occurrence
setet{u.t. of
(ii)l lrc r.fir rtto\es u ith an acceleration ll)e tnter.lbrencc tll'sourtd \ uvss.
\ llc[ .-loruk ontarcr kedud_thu pL.tltbe,\(tr
the engine thnrst is larger than the ,sttcrrct perln
clrag. bes.ar. Ini okan mengelakkcn
In this case, the car is traveling with keicrlian iu*ri*n,
; gelombung bun,yi.
incrcasing speccl. . Use softboard to cover
the rvall.
l
The
soltboard absor.bs the sounds and
no echoes
htjahan eniin tebih bestu. cloripacla are forrxed.
,)**,r,.
Dolam kes ini, keretu itu bergerak Guno plpan lemltut unlttk tnenuh.tpi clincling. papon
clettgan f
lentbti ynenye.rap
ke I ajtton yan g b erlu bun.1,i iJq tiatlcr-gemu rnrL,"rrii,,t
nt h t r I r. . The rnicrophone is pLrt behinjth.
.
,p.ot".'in
order to ar tlid noisc or disturbarrce.
: (a) (i) Souncl wave r.vith
fi"equency exceecling: Mi krofo n cli I et ct kka n cl i b e I a ka n g p
em b es ar. s ua ra
20 000 LIz. untuk mettgeltrlckctn hut,i bising crtatr g4nggttap.
.
Gelomhttng hun.yi );cttg ber.li.ekttensi
ntelebihi
The rrrocl suitablc sori,i,1 s;rr",n
i, y '
::s : ,mlft
20 000 Hz_. ,\ i.s t e n t bwn,
i ir la h y i t, ct n g l.t cr l i ng,s c s, u tt
. ..-.ilftry .f&, (ri) " Brt dcter.ts llrr. tlrstanee . In tlre sound systetx y, the locatir)n rr1.
r
"
ol.obstacle br lolld
ttsing ultt'as{}niu :i()l1tds. tt defecfs speal(er are high, the distancc
ftrl between the
{:rrJ/Oil l,Ilililillil distance by listening to the echoes two speakers is lal-rge, soltbclarcl is
tlrat r.rsed
ig-sn, ,@r' reaclles it. to cover the wall ancJ the position of
i
the
rgltiuft
Kelayvct. tnenge,\an at.crli ng.ltalarry microphone is Iocated behinj the
Jil{1lilru, l .f 1te ilu speaker.
dengan rnengst.nakrrn burL:.i t.tbr;;onik. l)oIutrt i.sient httryiy . kerturJukr,,
.s
ltz5
_
Lr t i t l( ilt a nr t t Lt'p i tl i rt
r
d i n g t/t t ri k e rlu th t krn t rt t i !; rt.,li ; t r
rat./etit/r tlt b., l.t/t-.// lE r / lte.,\.ar\ r ld ft,t.
lt<a/
I I , rl
PAPETT 3
Section AI E*hagicnA
I (a) (i) The magniturle (t t
L)l.electric clrn.erlt
tllu,gtt it rt tl u tt r s. e I eI t r i k
(ii) Thr: value 0l vclirage
\ i/or , ,,lr,ut
(iii) Length of consrautirn rvire
))a nj ut t g i1..o.\,Lt r kot t|; tun lctn
(6) (0 +o.i v
(i i)
V,{V}
i)4
i.0
I.-l
1 i {.rtl , {)y2 , 0i3 . (}:il:; eig
l::-,, t..
V is clirc-ctly propol.tional to l.
V berlutJor lt;ngsun51 dengarr l.
(,
k t0ruN,
) fhe r alrre tif k incr.ei
I-Itnt"'
(rccteases because the value of h
ntti'
1-
\'ilttt J, ltt,rfuntth,rlt. ^
Seterusnl:u,
i,er,11171 11 = _l _.
h berkurang
,ni/ai
(rfl klake ,,,r"'trnnt
t,hc spring is not
beyr:ncl its stretched
elastie: IlDut.
P,r.stiLott tprinH irtt
tit.lak diregang melepa.si
kt' i c' I t1 tr I t t ! t1,tt.
t t
hctti
Scction B/ Enhagiaru
E
-l (#) 'ihe lorce neeclec tfiX,1,,,,1
(),, wherh'.r u,,l r od depends
?::.:..,:,,rE
rp d n i n g
D e Lr
, rtlpet.tt*un
l;e lt
utttuk ntenarik jorot:
do,.s, rn
ct rt rt Ja i krt n )r r",r),ngg" /o m
.\ t' / L.n t I I t t ! t,
)
t, . "t
t l, r u .t.,, h, t h, tg i,,,, rl ; r/)l,,,lr',,,,, i,,,,"f
,\26