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ب(
ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﯾﺴﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺪول ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻻﺗﺰان و ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ
ﻓﻘﺪاﻧﮫ ﻟﻄﺎﻗﺘﮫ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﯿﻂ اﻟﺒﻨﺪول و ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ و ﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاء و ﻟﻮ ﻻ ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻻ ﺳﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺪول ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﮫ اﻻھﺘﺰازﯾﺔ
ذھﺎﺑﺎ و إﯾﺎﺑﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺑﺪ .
إﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﮭﻤﻚ ) ( ٢اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ١٦٨
( ١ﻗﯿﻢ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ و اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻌﺐ ﻣﺒﯿﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ
اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ :
75 J ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﯾﺴﺎوي
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ
١
PE = 75 J
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ
٢ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ) : ( ١
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ KE = 0
٣
PE = 50 J
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ) : ( ٢
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ
٤
KE = 25 J
PE = 25 J
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ) : ( ٣
KE = 50 J
PE = 0
اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ) : ( ٤
KE = 75 J
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إﺟﺎﺑﺔ أﺧﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﮭﻤﻚ ) ( ٤اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ١٧٦
ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ) ( ١ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺬول :
1
W = (6 × ) × 2 + (16 − 6) × 2
2
W = 6 + 20 = 26 J
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إﺟﺎﺑﺔ أﺧﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﮭﻤﻚ ) ( ٥اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ١٧٩
اﻹﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻗﻮة
اﻟﻤﺒﺬول اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة اﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎك
W = ∆ KE = 1 2 mv 2
W ∆s v f
1 2 mv 2 = F ∆ d
∆ d = (1 2 mv 2 ) F
W = ∆ KE = 1 2 m ( 2 v ) 2
4W 4∆d 2v f
) = 4 (1 2 mv 2
4 (1 2 mv 2 ) = F ∆ d 1
∆ d 1 = 4 (1 2 mv 2 ) F
∆d1 = 4∆d
9 (1 2 mv 2 ) = F ∆ d 2
∆d 2 = 9∆d
إﺟﺎﺑﺔ أﺧﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﮭﻤﻚ ) ( 6اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ 184
(٢
ﯾﺴﺎوي
W = F1 × d1 = F2 × d 2
(٦
ﺗﻜﺘﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻮت ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ
اﻵﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ ،و ﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺘﺤﻮل ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ وﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ
اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺟﺎع اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺘﺰاﯾﺪ
ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯿﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ ،ﺛﻢ ﺗﻨﺪﻓﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ھﺬه
اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ إﻟﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ و ﺗﻔﻘﺪ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯿﺎ .و ﺗﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ وﺿﻊ
ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ أﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﺔ ﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﻮت ،
و اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى و ھﻜﺬا ﺗﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ .
(٧
W 50 × 4
=P = = 40W
t 5
(٨
W1 = W2
50 ×1 = 200 × h
h = 50 200 = 0.25m
(٩
اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﮭﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ :
F = 12 − 8.8 = 3.2 N
W = KE = 1 2 mv2
= 3.2 × 3 = 9.6 JW
1 2 mv2 = 9.6 J
1 2 × 6 × v 2 = 9 .6 J
v 2 = 9.6 (1 2 × 6) = 9.6 (3) = 3.2
v = 3.2 = 1.8 m s
( ١٠
W1 = W2
100 × 0.1 = F2 × 0.01
F2 = 100 × 0.1 0.01 = 1000 N
( ١١
أ ( ﻃﺎﻗﺔ وﺿﻊ .
ب ( ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ .
ج ( ﻃﺎﻗﺔ وﺿﻊ و ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ .
د ( ﻻ ،اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻄﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺪول ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ .
( ١٢ﻧﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻘﻔﺰ ،ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن :
h1 = 3.5m
h2 = 2m
) W = −mg (h2 − h1
W = −55 × 9.8 × (2 − 3.5) = 808.5 J
اﻟﺸﻐﻞ ھﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺪار ،ﻷن ﻗﻮة اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﯿﺔ و اﻹزاﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه واﺣﺪ )
ﻧﺤﻮ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ ( .ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض اﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ھﻮ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ وھﺬا
اﺧﺘﯿﺎري ﯾﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻞ اﻟﺴﺆال .
W = KE 2 − KE 1
W = KE 2 − 0 = 1 2 mv 22
808 .5 = 1 2 × 55 × v22
v22 = (808 . 5 × 2 ) 55 = 49 . 4
=v 30 = 5 . 42 m s
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ج(
ﻧﻌﻢ ،وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﺿﻌﻒ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ
اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة اﻷوﻟﻰ ) .ﺗﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي ﺿﻌﻒ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ
اﻟﺴﯿﺎرة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ( .
→ →
p1 = m1 v1
→ →
p 2 = m2 v2
= (2m1 )v2
→ →
∴ p1 = p 2
m1 v1 = m2 v2
v1 = 2v2
1
v2 = v1
2
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إﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﮭﻤﻚ ) ( ٢اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ١٩٧
(١
ﺿﺮب ﻛﻮﻣﺔ ﻗﺶ .ﻷن اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﯾﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﯿﺔ
أﻃﻮل ،و ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم أﻗﻞ .
(٢
ﻷن زﻣﻦ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ ) اﻟﻤﮭﺎﺟﻢ ( ﺑﺮأس اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ اﻵﺧﺮ ﯾﺰداد
→
→ ∆P
( و ھﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أن ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻗﺒﻀﺔ =F ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ )
∆t
اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ رأس اﻟﻤﻼﻛﻢ اﻵﺧﺮ ﺗﻘﻞ .
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إﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﺧﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﮭﻤﻚ ) ( ٣اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ٢٠٣
اﻋﺘﺒﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺄن اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺮة و اﻷرض ،ﻓﺈن ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﺗﻜﻮن
) ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ أن ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ و ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸرض ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺮك ،
23
و ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ .و ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك و
اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﻛﺮة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ
ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ ﻛﺮة واﺣﺪة ،أو ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻜﺮﺗﺎن إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﺘﻢ
ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ ﻛﺮﺗﺎن وھﻜﺬا .
ﺣﻞ أﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎدس :اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ٢١٨
أوﻻ :اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﯿﺔ
اﻟﺴﺆال اﻷول :
اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ رﻗﻢ
إﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة رﻗﻢ ٨ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺆال اﻷول : اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ
اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﯾﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﺗﺴﺎرﻋﺎ أﻛﺒﺮ ،ﻻن ﻛﺘﻠﺘﮫ أﺻﻐﺮ و ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺴﺘﻐﺮق زﻣﻨﺎ أﻗﻞ ﻟﯿﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ) (d
و ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻤﯿﻦ ھﻲ ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ ،إﻻ أن اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ اﻷول
أ ١
أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ .
د ٢
ﺑﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺸﻐﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺰ W = Fdﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﻦ ھﻮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻧﻈﺮا ﻻن اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﻦ
ﻧﻔﺴﮭﺎ و أﯾﻀﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻟﺬﻟﻚ :
ب ٣
KE1 = KE 2
د ٤
د ٥
د ٦
د ٧
د ٨
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اﻟﺴﺆال اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ :
( ١ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك
( ٢ﺗﺎم اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ
١:١(٣
( ٤ﺻﻔﺮ
( ٥اﻟﺪﻓﻊ
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(٣
ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم ﺗﺴﺎوي ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم
،أي ﻻ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم .
(٤
اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺮن وﺟﮫ اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم اﻟﻤﺮن
ھﻮ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم اﻟﺬي ﯾﻔﻘﺪ ﺟﺰءا ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ھﻮ اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﯾﻨﺘﺞ أ(
اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ و ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﺤﻮﺑﺎ ﺑﺤﺪوث ﻋﻨﮫ أي ﻓﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ
اﻟﻤﻔﮭﻮم
ﺻﻮت ،أو ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ و ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻤﯿﺔ
اﻟﺠﺴﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﺎدﻣﯿﻦ ،أو ﺗﺸﻮه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ
ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻤﺎ ،و ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻤﯿﺔ
اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ .
ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ب(
ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ
اﻟﺘﺤﺮك
ھﻨﺎك ﻓﻘﺪان ﻓﻲ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ) ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ج(
ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ (
ﺣﻔﻆ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ
اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ
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(٥
ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻜﺮة اﻟﺠﻮﻟﻒ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻜﺮة ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺲ
p = mv p = mv
p = 0.3 × 20 p = 0.15 × 7
p = 6 N.s p = 1.05 N.s
ﻛﺮة اﻟﺠﻮﻟﻒ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺮك أﻛﺒﺮ
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-٦
أ(
ب(
اﻟﺪﻓﻊ = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ
1
= × 0.004 × 80
2
= 0.16 N.s
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-٧
أ(
اﻟﺪﻓﻊ = اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك = اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ
Ιmpulse = ∆mv
Ιmpulse
= ∆v
m
12
= ∆v = 6m s
2
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–٨
أ(
اﻟﺪﻓﻊ = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ
اﻟﺪﻓﻊ = ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ )أ ب ھـ د ( +ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ ) ب ج ھـ (
)(0.5 × 6 ×12) + (12 × 4 اﻟﺪﻓﻊ =
84 N اﻟﺪﻓﻊ =
ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮭﺎ
12 × (4 + 10) × 12 ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮف =
84 N ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺷﺒﮫ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮف =
ب(
) Ιmpulse = m(v2 − v1
)84 = 5(v2 − 10
v2 = 26.8 m s
ج(
Ιmpulse
=F
t
84
=F
10
F = 8 .4
(٩
→ → → →
m1 v 1 + m2 v 2 = m1 v' 1 + m2 v' 2
)5 × 20 + 0 = 5V ' + (2 × 40
100 = 5V ' + 80
5V ' = 20
V' = 4m s
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– ١٠
أ(
• اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﺬي ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻛﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ھﻮ A