INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT – 1

NAME – PILLI KALYAN FACULTY – BALAMURUGAN

REG.NO – 16BCE0485 SLOT – B1

INTRODUCTION:

SOCIOLOGY is the study of human relationships, social life, institutions,

development, structure, functioning of Human Society.
SOCIOLOGY is also a scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships,
social interaction, human groups and culture of everyday life.
A Society is the community of people living in a particular country or region and
having shared customs, laws and organisations.
SOCIOLOGY is an abstract science but not a concrete science.
SOCIOLOGY is the youngest of all social sciences.
The picture explains that how the Human is involved in different types of Social
works and Survival for the livelihood in their day-to-day life.

SOCIOLOGY examines and explains the cause of matters like Crime and Law,
Poverty and Wealth, Prejudice and Discrimination, Schools and Education,
Business Firms, Urban Community, Social Movements etc.,

The main 6 Social Institutions in our society are:

LINK: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/society-and-culture/social-
structures/v/institutions-government-economy-and-health-and-medicine

=> FAMILY
=> MARRIAGE
=> POLITICS
=> ECONOMIC
=> RELIGIOUS
=> EDUCATION

ISIDORE AUGUSTE COMPTE

SOCIOLOGY was first coined by a FRENCHMAN named “ISIDORE AUGUSTE
COMPTE” (1798-1857) in the 1830’s.
ISIDORE AUGUSTE COMPTE is a French philosopher and considered as the
“FATHER OF SOCIOLOGY”.
The word SOCIOLOGY is derived from Latin word SOCIUS - “SOCIETY” and the
Greek word LOGOS – “STUDY”.
He defined that the SOCIOLOGY is a positive science.
Positivism is the search for “Invariant laws of the natural and social world”.
DEFINITIONS OF SOCIOLOGY:

L.F.WARD defines “SOCIOLOGY is the science of society or social phenomena”.

GINSBERG defines “SOCIOLOGY is the study of human interaction and the inter
relation of their conditions and consequences”.

EMILE DURKHEIN defines that “SOCIOLOGY is a science of social institutions”.

OGBURN AND NIMKOFF defines “SOCIOLOGY is the study of social life”.

KIMBALL YOUNG defines “SOCIOLOGY deals with the behaviour of men in

Groups”.

FIELDS OF SOCIOLOGY:

SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION:
The sociology of education is the study of how public institutions and
individual experiences affect education and its outcomes. Sociology is a profound
for the teachers.

LINK: http://wikieducator.org/SOCIOLOGY_OF_EDUCATION
SOCIOLOGY OF LAW:
SOCIOLOGY of law refers to the sociological study of law and law
related phenomena, law is typically conceived as a whole of legal norms in the
society as well as the practices and institutions that are associated with those
norms.

LINK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_law
MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY:
Medical sociology is simply the study of the effects of social and
cultural factors on health and medicine. Medical Sociology provides an analytical
framework for understanding the social contexts of health, illness and health-
care. Sociology gives knowledge to deal with the patient and to understand the
habits, culture and behaviour.

LINK: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/medical-sociology
URBAN SOCIOLOGY:
Urban Sociology is the Sociological study of life and human interaction
in metropolitan areas. It is the study of Urban Living. It is a normative discipline
of sociology seeking the study of structures, environmental processes, changes
and process of an Urban Area.

LINK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_sociology

MILITARY SOCIOLOGY:
Military Sociology is the Sociological study of Military. It examines
issues such as military recruiting, race and gender representation in the military,
combat, military families, military social organisation, war and peace, and the
military as welfare. Military Sociology is a sub-field of Sociology.
LINK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_sociology

=> SOCIOLOGY OF NURSING

=> INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY
=> SOCIOLOGY OF AGEING
=> SOCIOLOGY OF MASS COMMUNICATION
=> SOCIOLOGY OF ENGINEERING
=> HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY
=> CRIMINOLOGY
=> FOLK SOCIOLOGY
=> SOCIOLOGY OF ART
=> SOCIOLOGY OF SMALL GROUPS
=> SOCIOLOGY OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
are some of the FIELDS OF SOCIOLOGY.

SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY:

LINK: https://www.slideshare.net/kamranishfaq/scope-of-sociology
There are two different views about the SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY, no one opinion
about the SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY.
Two main schools regarding to the scope of sociology are:

=> SPECIALISTIC (OR) FORMALISTIC SCHOOL

=> SYNTHETIC SCHOOL

SPECIALISTIC (OR) FORMALISTIC SCHOOL:

The sociologists of formalistic schools believe that sociology deals

with various forms of human or social relations. The sociologists want to keep the
scope of sociology as pure and independent. Formalistic school studies a unique
thing.
SYNTHETIC SCHOOL:
Synthetic school of thought wants to make sociology a synthesis of
social sciences. According to this school of thought the scope of sociology is very
wide. This is quite against to the formalistic school. It can study everything and
anything.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIOLOGY:
LINK: https://www.slideshare.net/DrJBalamuruganPhD/introduction-to-sociology-
30788701
=> Sociology makes a scientific of society and made great contribution to enrich
human culture.
=> Sociology studies the role of the institutions in the development of individual
and has changed outlook with regard to the problems of crime.
=> The study of Sociology is Indispensable for understanding and planning of
society.
=> Sociology is of great importance in the solution of social and inter-national
problems.
=> Sociology has drawn our attention to the essential worth and dignity of man
and useful as teaching subject.
=> Sociology includes in the curriculum of nursing because health is include social
component.
=> Most of the illness have social causes and social consequences.
=> Factual Information from research will better understand our society and other
societies will be Broad-minded, understanding and Tolerant.
=> Learn the application of scientific methods and techniques to our daily life
problems.
=> It enables us to see the connection between our personal experiences and the
social forces in the bigger social world daily which influences life.
SOCIOLOGY RELATION WITH OTHER SOCIAL SCIENCES:

The Relationship of Sociology with other Social sciences. Sociology is

a science of Society. As a social science it attempts to study social life as a whole.

CONCLUSION:

Sociology provides us with the tools to examine the social world empirically,
analytically and critically.
Sociology helps to form developed and modified individual character through
different societal process in which not only parents and teachers are involved.
The practice of sociology enhances the possibilities of Human Freedom.