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Index

Chess has long been considered the sport of kings and aristocrats. It has only been recently that chess has
become popular among all levels of society. And no wonder. Chess is great exercise. No, there are no head
smashing, helmet scarring football tackles or exotic tumbles on a gymnastic mat. Rather the players exercise
their minds.

The mind, like the body, will atrophy if left unused too long. Also like the body, it will get stronger if used in
a constructive fashion. A game of logic, Chess exercises the mind by requiring players to think logically.
Players are forced to think ahead and to analyze complex individual, yet interdependent factors. It has been said
that Chess is a good way to learn about life. A person with the facility to win at Chess is ready to conquer any
complex problem on either a personal or business level.

Chess was originally invented in India around the 6th century AD. The game has changed only slightly
since then with the advent of the queen in the 15th century and some minor movement adjustments in the 1800s.
So those who play the game today share a link to a long and storied past, a link to men and women who lived
and breathed the history of their day.

This site is dedicated to publishing the official rules of Chess in a graphical format that can be easily
understood by the beginning chess player and referred to on occasion by the more experienced player.

Each page is linked to the next page in a logical order so you may read straight through all of the rules. I
also make available (by ordering through Amazon.com) various books on chess«just in case you would like
more in-depth knowledge on the subject under scrutiny. Some books are for beginners but many are for
advanced players.

The Setup

The chessboard is made up of eight rows and eight columns for a total of 64 squares of alternating colors. When
the board is set up it should be positioned so that a light square is positioned on the extreme lower right hand
side of the chess board (as you can see, this works for both players).

The diagram at left shows how the pieces should be initially situated. When you find out how all the pieces
move you will notice that the front rank is fully supported by the rank behind.

When setting up, make sure that the light queen is positioned on a light square and the dark queen is situated on
a dark square. The two armies should be mirror images of one another.

The light side always moves first. Each player's side of the chessboard is determined by chance. Usually by one
player placing a pawn in each hand and closing his fists. Holding forth his fists the opposing player picks one.
Whatever color the pawn he chooses is the side he shall command.






:

The '
'

, also called 
  in Tagalog, and '' as it is most fondly called, or simply 
'
, is an educational wargame invented in the Philippines by Sofronio H. Pasola, Jr. in 1970. It can be
played within twenty to thirty minutes. It is designed for two players, each controlling an army, and a neutral
arbiter . It needs the use of logic. The game simulates armies at war trying to outflank and outmaneuver each
other. As in actual warfare, the game allows only one side's plan to succeed. Certain strategies and tactics,
however, allow both sides the chance of securing a better idea of the other's plan as the game progresses.
Players can also speak with others during matches, hoping to make a false impression on where the flag is.
  
This game was invented by Sofronio H. Pasola, Jr. with the inspiration of Ronnie Pasola (his son). The Pasolas
first tried the Game of the Generals on a chessboard. Even then, the pieces had no particular arrangement. There
were no spies in the experimental game; but after Ronnie Pasola remembered the James Bond movies and Mata
Hari, he added the spies. [1] Making the pieces hidden was the idea of the Pasolas after remembering card
games. The Game of the Generals' public introduction was on February 28, 1973. [2]





The objective of the game is to eliminate or capture the flag of the opponent, or to maneuver one's flag to the
other end of the board.




The player's set of pieces or soldiers with the corresponding ranks and functions consist of the following 21
pieces. A higher ranking piece will eliminate any lower ranking piece, with the exception of the spy, which
eliminates all pieces except the private. The pieces are bent at an angle in order to hide the piece's rank or
insignia from the opponent.

In plastic sets, the colours commonly used in the pieces are black and white. There are also sets composed of
wooden boards and steel pieces. Those pieces have insignias that are either coloured red or blue. In metal sets,
the color of the board is commonly brown and the pieces are aluminum colored. The pieces are still bent.

Apart from the flag (the Philippine flag) and the spy (a pair of prying eyes), the insignias used in the game are
those used in the Philippine Army.




 
 




Five-star General 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
Four-star
1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
General
Three-star
1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
General
Two-star General 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
One-star General 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
Colonel 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
Lt. Colonel 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
Major 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
Captain 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
1st Lieutenant 1 Eliminates any lower ranking officer, the private, and the flag.
2nd Lieutenant 1 Eliminates the sergeant, the private, and the flag.
Sergeant 1 Eliminates the private, and the flag.
Private 6 Eliminates the spy, and the flag.
Spy 2 Eliminates all officers from the rank of Sergeant up to 5-Star General & the flag.
Flag 1 Eliminates the opposing flag as long as it takes the aggressive action against the
 enemy flag.

NOTE:If both soldiers are of equal rank, both are eliminated.







The game is played on a board with 9x8 plain squares. The pieces are placed in various locations in the first
three rows of each player's home side. Unlike chess or its variants, there is no predetermined layout for the
pieces, allowing each player to place the pieces to his advantage. There is also no predetermined order of play.
The players can decide who goes first; afterward, the players take their turns alternately.

All pieces have the same move: One space forward, backward, or sideways. Each player can move only one
piece per turn.

c 




A challenge is signaled by placing one's piece on top of the opposing piece occupying one of the squares. The
arbiter then examines the ranks of the opposing pieces and removes the lower-ranked piece off the board and
returns it to the owner regardless of who initiated the challenge. The arbiter must take care not to reveal the
ranks of the pieces to the opposition. The game can also be played without an arbiter. In this case, when a
challenge is made, both players must state the ranks of their pieces before removing the lower-ranked piece.
Therefore, the presence of the arbiter, though not compulsory, is especially important to ensure secrecy until the
game is over. It should be noted, however, that official games are conducted with an arbiter.





 

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Regardless of who initiated the challenge, their ranks determine which one is to be removed.

@ Any one of the player's pieces can capture the opposing flag. This includes the player's own flag.
@ Any piece eliminates the private except the spy and the flag.
@ Officers eliminate other officers that are ranked below it (e.g. a four-star general eliminates a lieutenant-
colonel).
@ A spy eliminates all officers (including the five-star general). Only the private can eliminate the spy.
@ If both pieces are of the same rank, both are removed from the board.

If a flag reaches the opposite end of the board, the opponent has one turn left although it is not announced. After
the turn, the player reveals the flag. If the flag was not challenged, the player wins the game. If it was
challenged, the player loses.

Word Factory:
r
is a word game designed by Allan Turoff and trademarked by Parker Brothers, a division of Hasbro.
The game is played using a plastic grid of lettered dice, in which players attempt to find words in sequences of
adjacent letters.