4.

0 COSTING
Cost estimation for square footing.

Costing for construction duration of 1 month:

Case I : Square Footing 4m × 4m ; Df = 1.5m:

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT RATE TOTAL COST

(RM/unit) (RM/month)

1. Materials
8.25 m3 253.67 253.67 × 2087.25

Ready Mix Concrete 8.25

Grade 35
2. Excavation

(4m + 1m) x
(4m + 1m) x 62.5 m3 (included in
(1.5m + 1m) cost of
= 62.5m3 Extended Hydraulic
1m in width and length for
workability. Excavator)

3. Backfill 54.25 m3 (included in

cost of
62.5m3 –
Landfill
8.25m3
= 54.25m3 Compactor)

TOTAL RM 2087.25

Concrete cost for Square Footing: RM 2087.25.

Case II : Square Footing 1.6m × 1.6m ; Df = 1.5m:

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT RATE TOTAL COST

(RM/unit) (RM/month)

1. Materials
1.53 m3 253.67 253.67 × 388.115

Ready Mix Concrete 1.53

Grade 35
2. Excavation

(1.6m + 1m) x
(1.6m + 1m) x 16.9 m3 (included in
(1.5m + 1m) cost of
= 16.9m3 Extended Hydraulic
1m in width and length for
workability. Excavator)

3. Backfill 15.37 m3 (included in

cost of
16.9m3 –
Landfill
1.53m3
= 15.37m3 Compactor)

TOTAL RM 388.115

Concrete cost for Square Footing: RM 388.115.

CASE II is chosen for the square foundation because of the lower cost and it can carry the load.
Rectangular Footing CASE I : 2.5m × 4.5m ; Df = 1.5m:

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT RATE TOTAL COST

(RM/unit) (RM/month)

1. Materials
5.875 m3 253.67 253.67 × 1490.31

Ready Mix Concrete 5.875

Grade 35
2. Excavation

(2.5m + 1m) x
(4.5m + 1m) x 48.125 m3 (included in
(1.5m + 1m) cost of
= 48.125m3 Extended Hydraulic
1m in width and length for
workability. Excavator)

3. Backfill 28.0 m3 (included in

cost of
48.125m3 – 5.875m3
Landfill
= 42.25m3
Compactor)

TOTAL RM 1490.31

Concrete cost for Rectangular Footing: RM 1490.31.

Rectangular Footing CASE II 2m × 3m ; Df = 1.5m:

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT RATE TOTAL COST

(RM/unit) (RM/month)

1. Materials
3.25 m3 253.67 253.67 × 824.42

Ready Mix Concrete 3.25

Grade 35
2. Excavation

(2m + 1m) x
(3m + 1m) x 30 m3 (included in
(1.5m + 1m) cost of
= 30m3 Extended 1m Hydraulic
in width and length for
workability. Excavator)

3. Backfill 26.75m3 (included in

cost of
30m3 – 3.25m3
Landfill
= 26.75m3
Compactor)

TOTAL RM 824.42

Concrete cost for Rectangular Footing: RM 824.42.

Rectangular Footing CASE III 1.5m × 2.5m ; Df = 1.5m:

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT RATE TOTAL COST

(RM/unit) (RM/month)

1. Materials
2.125 m3 253.67 253.67 × 539.1

Ready Mix Concrete 3.25

Grade 35
2. Excavation

(1.5m + 1m) x
(2.5m + 1m) x 21.875 (included in
m3
(1.5m + 1m) cost of
= 21.875m3 Extended Hydraulic
1m in width and length for
workability. Excavator)

3. Backfill 19.75m3 (included in

cost of
21.875m3 – 2.125m3
Landfill
= 19.75m3
Compactor)

TOTAL RM 539.1

Concrete cost for Rectangular Footing: RM 539.1.

Case III is chosen because it is the cheapest and it also can carry the load.
Costing per month for Labour and Machineries

1. Labour
5 persons 56.50 56.50 × 30 1695.00
General Construction days

Worker – Civil,
Foreign
Carpenter – Formwork, 2 persons 64.00 64.00 × 30 1920.00
Semiskilled, Foreign days

General Welder, 1 person 131.20 131.20 × 30 3936.00

days
Skilled, Local

Barbender, Semiskilled, 2 persons 54.00 54.00 × 30 1620.00

Foreign days

Excavator Operator, 1 person 128.00 128.00 × 30 3840.00

days
Skilled, Local

Backhoe Loader 1 person 126.80 126.80 × 30 3804.00

days
Operator, Skilled,
Local

Roller Operator, 1 person 71.40 71.40 × 30 2142.00

days
Semi-skilled, Foreign

Supervisor 1 person - - 3,000.00

Civil Engineer 1 person - - 2,500.00

2. Machinery
1 5,883.33/month - 5,883.33
Hydraulic Excavator
- Komatsu
 Landfill Compactor - 1 7,833.33/month - 7,833.33
Caterpillar

TOTAL 38,173.66

TOTAL Cost for Square Foundation and Rectangular Foundation:

RM 388.15+ RM 539.1 + RM 38,173.66 = RM 39,100.91

The cost of the foundations were prepared in the basis of a detailed analysis of material, labor
and machinery for the construction of a 1.6m × 1.6m square footing and a 1.5 m × 2.5m rectangular
footing. Both the footings were located at a depth, Df of 1.5m. A cost estimate establishes the base line
of the project cost at different stages of construction of the footing construction. A cost estimate at a
given stage of project development represents a prediction provided by the cost engineer or estimator
on the basis of available data. In the planning and design stages of a project, various design estimates
reflect the progress of the design. In preparing these estimates, we have included the expected
amounts for contractors', general workers, machinery rentals and other overhead costs.

In this project, we have two types of footings, namely the square footing and a rectangular footing.
For each design, the materials, labour and machinery rentals for one month were stated with the rate
per unit, quantity required and cost incurred. The material involved is mainly concrete where the
square footing requires 1.53m3 of cement grade 35, which would cost RM388.15 with a rate of
RM253.67 per m3 of concrete Grade 35. The rectangular footing on the other hand needs 2.125m3 of
concrete Grade 35 and costs RM 539.1. The other costs involved which are the same for both the
footings are labour costs and rental rates for machineries. The costing for General Construction
Worker, carpenter, general welder, barbender, excavator operator, backhoe operator, roller operator,
supervisor, engineer, rental for a hydraulic excavator and a landfill compactor was calculated to sum
up to RM 39100.91.