Backhaul services:
◦ carry traffic in bulk for telecommunications carriers
◦ often connect traffic across long distances
◦ usually carry traffic on a "point-to-point" basis, without making complex switching
decisions about where to send the traffic
Requirements
SCALABILITY REQIREMENTS
◦ Improved customer scalability
◦ IP transport
◦ Base stations
◦ Base station site interconnect technology
Resiliency Requirements
◦ Stability
◦ Predictable low latency data transmission
◦ Multi-vendor interoperability
◦ Optimized bandwidth plan
Economic requirements
◦ Cost effective
◦ Simplified provisioning
◦ Automated network monitoring
BACKHAUL
Backhaul in uncovered
areas
Alternative Backhaul
TYPES OF OPTICAL
NETWORKS
There are two types of Optical Networks –
1.Active Optical Network [ AON ]
2.Passive Optical Network [ PON ]
PON Standards –
1. APON – ATM PON
2. BPON – BROADBAND PON
3. EPON – ETHERNET PON
4. GPON – GIGABIT PON
ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
1.IT IS A POINT TO POINT NETWORK STRUCTURE
THAT MEANS EACH SUBSCRIBER HAS ITS
OWN FIBRE OPTIC LINE.
2. IT REQUIRES AN EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY
100Mbps TO 1Gbps.
4. IT LASTS UPTO RANGE OF 70 Km WITHOUT
REPEATERS.
PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
1.IT IS THE LEADING TECHNOLOGY USED IN FTTx
DEPLOYMENT.
2.IT A POINT TO MULTIPOINT [P2MP] TOPOLOGY AND
WAVELENTHS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
COMPARISON OF AON Vs PON
AON PON
1.BANDWIDTH –
2.RISK OF
EAVESDROPPING –
AON PON
3.RELIABILITY OF
SUBSCRIBER LINE –
IF CONNECTION IS CUT IN THIS CASE ONLY ONE
HERE SEVERAL OPTICS OPTICAL FIBRE HAS TO BE
REQUIRE TO BE REPAIRD.
4. COST OF NETWORK
TOPOLOGY –
AON PON
5. SPACE REQUIRED BY
CABLE –
HIGH BECAUSE OF POINT
LOW BECAUSE A SINGLE
CABLE CAN BE UTILIZED
TO POINT CONNECTION.
FROM 32 UPTO 128
SUBSCRIBERS.
6.LEVEL OF MAINTENANCE
–
IT IS HIGH BECAUSE IT IT IS LOW BECAUSE IT
REQUIRES EXTERNAL
MAKES USE OF PASSIVE
POWER SUPPLY PLUS
SPLITTERS.
TO SUPPLY EMERGENCY
ELECTRICITY.
AON PON
7 . RANGE –
8. BACKHAUL –
A NORMAL AN SUBSCRIBER
A PON INTERFACE BOARD
CAN ONLY BE USED FOR
INTERFACE CAN ALSO BE
BACKHAUL JOBS.
USED FOR BACKHAUL
JOBS.
AON PON
9. TRIPLE PLAY –
IT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL THE USUAL BANDWIDTH
BANDWIDTH RESERVES
FOR TRANSMITTING HDTV
FOR TRIPLE PLAY. CHANNELS IS NOT
SUFFICIENT.
10.ADDITIONAL
THE INFLEXIBLE
SERVICES - BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT
IT CAN BE ADOPTED TO SUIT IS A PROBLEM.
FOR INDIVIDUAL
REQUIREMENTS.
EPON
Ethernet Passive Optical Network
It Extends the earlier BPON
BPON systems are based upon ATM as the bearer protocol.
Downstream transmission is continuous ATM stream at a bit
rate of 155Mbps to 622 Mbps.
Upstream transmission is in form of burst ATM cells, with a
rate of 155 Mbps.
EPON
Supports only one bit rate , the symmetrical
1 . 25 / 1 . 25 Gbps .
Targeted for the access market , i . e . FTTH
Provides the interface Present on the user
between the PON side, terminates the
and the service PON and also checks
providers network which data belong to
services. which node.
Performs an auto-
Responsible for
discovery process
allocating upstream
which includes
bandwidth to the
ranging and the
ONTs. Because the
assignment of both
optical distribution
Logical Link IDs and
network (ODN) is
bandwidth.
shared, ONT
upstream
transmissions could
collide.
OLT ONT
Access Method
Ethernet Frame EPON
Frame
EPON Downstream
TDMA: Allows several user to share same frequency channel by dividing the
signal into diff time slots.
TDMA TDM
EPON Upstream
GPON
Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network
It is currently one of the fastest access technologies to
attract market interest.
TDM
ONU
Video/Audio over
IP services
PABX
O
1:32(64) Optical Splitter PON L
T CATV overlay
services
TDMA
Central
Office IP N/Ws
Data 2G
BTS
ONU
0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km logical
reach supported by protocol)
Current GPON system operate with a bandwidth
of 2.5 Gbps towards the subscriber(Downstream)
and 1.25 Gbps towards the core
network(Upstream) on an OLT port
GPON uses WDM(wave length division multiplexing) to
provide bi-directional services on a single fiber.
Downstream service is transmitted between 1480-1500
nm, and Upstream bandwidth between 1260-1360nm.
GPON is based on the Generic Framing Procedure(GFP)
for handling TDM, ATM and ETH based traffic without
additional encapsulation protocol.
This leads to a bandwidth efficiency of up to 93% (in
BPON only 70% BW efficiency is reached).
Advantages
No power
Scalability and Flexibility
Bandwidth utilization
Split ratio 1:32/1:64
Can be deployed in many network
architecture
Supports mobile backhaul
Allows mobile users to use same fiber
Reduces the number of cables used.
Comparison
EPON Vs GPON
ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON
Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 Gbps
Upstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 Gbps
Split Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32
Distance 60 Km 20 Km
Overall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ 51% asa result of:
scrambling ( no encoding), 8B/10B encoding(20%) ,
Overhead 8% Overhead(8%)
Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 Mbps
Downward 1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm
Wavelength
Upward 1310 nm 1310 nm
Wavelength
Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 Series
Transmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM Ethernet
TDM Support TDM over Native, TDM TDM over Packet
over ATM, TDM over
Security AES 128 bit Encryption
Packet None
QoS Features Inherent Not Inherent
ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON
Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 Gbps
Upstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 Gbps
Split Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32
Distance 60 Km 20 Km
Overall Efficiency92%as a result of: NRZ 51% asa result of:
scrambling ( no encoding), 8B/10B encoding(20%) ,
Overhead 8% Overhead(8%)
Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 Mbps
Downward 1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm
Wavelength
Upward 1310 nm 1310 nm
Wavelength
Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 Series
Transmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM Ethernet
TDM Support TDM over Native, TDM TDM over Packet
over ATM, TDM over
Security AES 128 bit Encryption
Packet External IPSEC
QoS Features Inherent Not Inherent
Bandwidth Utilization
Overall
Efficiency 10%
EPON 51%
GPON TDM,
92% 90% Data
For both protocols
the Overhead
section is only
required in the
upstream direction.
This facilitates clock
and data recovery at
the OLT, which
receives the burst
transmissions from
the ONTs.
In EPON, the LLID essentially designates a
particular ONT. In GPON, the Port ID
designates not just an ONT but also a
particular service (e.g. VoIP, IPTV, etc.)
within that ONT.
This is profound because even at this lowest
layer we see that GPON can differentiate,
and therefore prioritize, at the lowest layer
of the protocol stack, any service within its
payload.
Another Qos Feature of GPON
PON
DSL
PON vs with DSL
PON + DSL (VDSL)
FTTH
FTTB
FTTN
PON vs. SONET
No active element Active optical network
Cost effective solution SONET rings optimized
as a shorthaul for longhaul and MAN
collector loop infra
Low initial cost Requires installation of
Asymmetric all nodes upfront
Symmetrical.
Broadcast OC-12(622 OC-12 SONET link all
Mbps) and access the line cards must
OC-3(155Mbps) have an OC-12
upstream interface
More fault tolerant
PON
SONET
No Competition !!!!!
Advantage PON
Disadvantage PON
CPS : The imp. figure
PON deployments - constant evaluation of a
complex set of tradeoffs and compromises
Cost Compensation
Why ACTIVE ETHERNET ?
FFTX
(FTTH/B,VDSL,FTTLA)
Market Realities
IDATE predicts 140 million subscribers by
2014
Dec2008, 48 million subscriber world wide
Asia pacific region(Japan & Korea) 22.7
million
United states- 16%
Europe -5%
61% of the Architecture is on FTTH/B
20 years time frame before profit realization
starts
EPON in Asia/Pacific region
GPON in Europe and North America
Japan with 13.1 million subscriber has the
largest number of ultra-high-speed Internet
users in the world(10.30% penetration)
South Korea with 6million subscriber has
12.40% penetration
America, with an annual growth rate of 90%
is the fastest growing FTTH/B market in the
world
In Europe smaller scandinavian countries
are leading in FTTH
In England it is 0%.......?????
FTTH penetration in Europe
June 2009
BSNL inks FTTH deal with Sterlite, In a deal
worth INR3.72 billion (USD77 million) Sterlite
will deploy Gigabit Passive Optical Network (
GPON) technology
BSNL chairman and MD Kuldeep Goyal also said
that the telco expects that up to 5% of all
Indian households could have access to FTTH
services by 2011, with IPTV acting as one of
the key drivers for uptake
the upcoming Passive Optical Networking (PON)
equipment market in India was a US$ 5.6
market in 2008 with a growth rate of a
whopping 2800 % over 2007
Currently India's share of the total APEJ
(Asia Pacific excluding Japan) market is
6.6 percent and is expected to grow at a
CAGR of 99.2 % over the period 2007-
2013.
In India, Freescale Semiconductor has
launched the industry's first voice-enabled
GPON. The company, along with Alcatel-
Lucent, is facilitating the adoption of FTTH
technologies by availing jointly developed
GPON technology
Challenges
Reduction in development cost
Increase the penetration level
Long time span before the benefit can be
reaped
Most importantly, demand for the
technology
Challenges
It is observed that big countries are
reluctant to accept fiber optic. Massive
deployment seem uneconomic
Lack of market demand is another hindrance
The End Story
EPON vs. GPON ???????
No clear winner
Standards still in development mode
NGN PON talks about consolidation
One thing for sure…..
THANK YOU