6. Force acting on an object can cause changes in the shape or movement of the object.
Effects of A Force
1. A force can cause a change in the motion and shape of an object.
5. The ball shown in the figure below will start to move in the same direction as the force
that is applied to it.
A ball, moves when force is applied
(a) Bending
(b) Stretching
(c) Pressing
(b)
Friction
1. Friction is a force that opposes the movement of an object.
2. Friction occurs when two surfaces are in contact with each other.
5. Advantages of friction:
(a) Allows us to walk or run without slipping
(b) Allows a moving vehicles to slow down or stop
(c) Friction between the surface of our palm and an object enables us to hold the object
without dropping.
(d) Friction produces heat that lights up a match.
(e) Enables us to sharpen a knife.
6. Disadvantages of friction:
(a) Produces heat that may spoil the object or machine.
(b) Causes the soles of shoes and tires to wear out.
(c) Produces squeaky noises that irritate the ear.
(d) Friction opposes movement, hence making movement slower or more difficult.
EXPERIMENT
Aim
Ping pong ball , wooden plank, rough sand paper, fine sand paper, glass pane, stopwatch
1. Is kept the same: the height of the inclined plank, the ball
2. Is changed; the type of surface of the inclined plank.
3. Is measured: the time taken by the golf ball to reach the end of the plank.
Steps
Observation
Discussion
1. What can you say about the time taken when the ping pong ball moves on
(a) plank P? It takes the shortest time to reach the end of the plank
(b) plank N? It takes the longest time to reach the end of the plank
Conclusion
The smoother the surface, the weaker the force of friction that is produced.