PENULISAN ILMIAH

UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

SISTEMATIKA REVIEW :
KEPATUHAN KONSUMSI OBAT TERHADAP KEJADIAN MULTI-
DRUG RESISTANCE TUBERCULOSIS (MDR-TB)

Oleh :

CICI DELSI
No. BP. 1511212029

FAKULTAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
2018
1.1 Latar Belakang

Tuberkulosis yang disebabkan oleh kuman Mycobacterium Tuberculosa merupakan

penyakit infeksi menular yang telah menjadi masalah global sejak tahun 1993. Kasus TB di

seluruh dunia dilaporkan bahwa 90% terdapat pada kelompok usia produktif (≥ 15 tahun)

yaitu diantaranya 56% adalah pria dan 34% adalah wanita. Sedangkan pada kelompok usia

anak menyumbang sebesar 10% dari semua kasus TB seluruh dunia. Orang yang hidup

dengan HIV menyumbang 1,2 juta (11%) dari semua kasus TB baru.

Jumlah kasus baru TB didunia cenderung meningkat sejak tahun 2013. Pada tahun

2009 – 2012, jumlah kasus baru TB hanya sebesar 5,7 – 5,8 juta kasus baru. Menurut Global

Report Tuberculosis 2016, pada tahun 2015 diperkirakan masih terdapat 6,1 juta kasus baru

TB.(2) Sedangkan, pada tahun 2016 dan 2017 terdapat jumlah kasus baru yaitu masing –

masing sebesar 6,3 dan 6,4 juta kasus baru. Peningkatan ini disebabkan oleh meningkatnya

pelaporan kasus yang terdeteksi oleh sektor swasta di India dan Indonesia.

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan insiden TB terbesar di dunia dengan

menduduki peringkat ke 2 dari 30 negara setelah India yang mempunyai beban tinggi untuk

TB pada tahun 2017. Indonesia memberikan kontribusi sebesar 8% dari jumlah seluruh kasus

TB di dunia. Perkiraan jumlah kasus baru TB tahunan semua tipe di Indonesia mencapai

1.020.000 kasus dengan incidence rate yaitu sebesar 391 kasus per 100.000 penduduk pada

tahun 2017.

Banyak cara yang dilakukan Indonesia untuk pengendalian penyakit yang

menyebabkan kecacatan dan kematian ini. Salah satunya yaitu Directly Observed Treatment

Short-course (DOTS) yang dikembangkan oleh WHO dan IUALTD pada tahun 1990-an.

DOTS dilakukan secara rutin dan tidak terputus. Upaya pengobatan TB apabila terputus dan

tidak sesuai standar DOTS berakibat pada munculnya kasus resistensi ganda terhadap obat

anti TB (OAT) yaitu rifampisin dan isoniazid. Hal ini mengakibatkan munculnya
permasalahan baru yang berkaitan dengan TB yaitu kekebalan ganda kuman TB terhadap

obat anti TB atau disebut dengan Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (TB MDR).

Jumlah kasus TB MDR secara global dilaporkan yaitu sebesar 480.000 kasus baru

pada tahun 2015 dengan angka kematian diperkirakan mencapai 250.000 kasus. Pada tahun

2016, terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus yang didiagnosis mengalami TB MDR yaitu sebesar

490.000 kasus baru. Diperkirakan terdapat 350.000 (330.000-370.000) kasus TB MDR

adalah pasien TB. Insiden TB MDR tertinggi pada tahun 2016 berasal dari Asia Tenggara

(45%) dan wilayah Afrika (25%) dari populasi dunia.

Pengobatan pada pasien TB MDR lebih sulit, lebih mahal dan lebih rumit daripada

pengobatan pada pasien TB yang belum resistensi terhadap obat anti tuberkulosis. Butuh

waktu yang lebih lama untuk pengobatan pasien TB dengan TB MDR daripada pengobatan

pasien TB bukan TB MDR, yaitu sekitar 18 – 24 bulan. Tahapan pengobatan TB MDR terdiri

dari tahap awal dan tahap lanjutan. Pada tahap awal bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya

resisten obat. Pasien diberikan obat setiap hari secara tepat dan teratur. Apabila pengobatan

tahap awal dilakukan maka dalam kurun waktu 2 minggu pasien tidak menularkan kuman TB

MDR. Sedangkan, pada tahap lanjutan bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya kekambuhan dan

jangka waktunya lebih lama.

Penyakit menular ini masih berpeluang untuk disembuhkan, jika pasien melakukan

pengobatan secara teratur selama 6 bulan. Obat yang diminum perlu adanya pengawasan dan

dukungan dari anggota keluarga. Apabila pengobatan tidak dilakukan dengan baik selama 6

bulan, maka suatu saat adanya kemungkinan untuk kambuh dan kuman tuberkulosis akan

resisten terhadap obat. Lamanya waktu pengobatan, kepatuhan dan keteraturan untuk berobat,

motivasi penderita, kurangnya sikap pasien terhadap pengobatan penderita merupakan

beberapa faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan.

 Menurut Dwi Sarwani, dkk pada tahun 2012 banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi

kejadian TB MDR yaitu diantaranya jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pendapatan keluarga,

merokok, motivasi dan ketidakteraturan minum obat. Motivasi yang rendah dan

ketidakteraturan berobat terbukti berpengaruh menjadi faktor risiko terhadap kejadian Multi-

Drug Resistant (MDR-TB) yaitu Odds Rationya masing – masing sebesar 4,2 dan 2,3. Selain

itu, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Reviono pada tahun 2014 diketahui faktor yang

mempengaruhi kejadian TB MDR adalah jenis kelamin, usia, komorbid, riwayat pengobatan

dan derajat efek samping.

Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Mega pada tahun 2016, salah satu faktor risiko

ketidakpatuhan pasien TB MDR disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan tentang Multi-Drug

Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Terdapat beberapa responden yang mengatakan tidak

mengetahui tentang MDR TB ketika diberikan kuesioner. Selain itu, efek samping obat juga

mempengaruhi ketidakpatuhan pasien dalam menjalani pengobatan. Efek samping yang

dirasakan setiap hari selama pengobatan ini cukup menganggu aktivitas seperti sakit kepala,

mual, nyeri sendi, reaksi kulit alergi, depresi, vertigo, naiknya kadar asam urat dan lainnya.

Hal ini yang menyebabkan pasien tidak menjalani pengobatan dengan baik. Lama pengobatan

yang cukup lama juga mempengaruhi ketidakpatuhan pasien dalam menjalani pengobatan.

Tingkat ketidakpatuhan pada pasien yang menjalani pengobatan pada fase lanjutan lebih

besar dikarenakan menurunnya motivasi untuk menjalani pengobatan.

Pengawas minum obat juga merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang menunjang

kepatuhan dalam menjalani pengobatan Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

Pengawasan terhadap minum obat secara teratur dan sesuai program kepada pasien

merupakan salah satu bentuk dukungan dari keluarga terdekat pasien. Dukungan keluarga

yang dapat diberikan yaitu dengan menunjukkan kepedulian, simpati, pengertian, semangat

untuk menjalani pengobatan. Keluarga dapat dijadikan sebagai pengawas minum obat
dikarenakan dikenal, dipercaya penderita dan petugas kesehatan. Peran pengawas minum

obat sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan konsumsi obat pada pasien TB MDR agar

tercapai hasil pengobatan yang optimal.

Terdapat banyak penelitian telah membahas pengaruh kepatuhan konsumsi obat

terhadap kejadian TB MDR, dengan hasil yang berbeda antara satu penelitian dengan

penelitian yang lain. Diperlukannya suatu kesimpulan dari berbagai penelitian yang sudah

ada, karena penggabungan hasil dari berbagai penelitian lebih kuat daripada hasil satu

penelitian.Oleh karena itu, maka peneliti tertarik untuk menggabungkan penelitian –

penelitian yang membahas pengaruh kepatuhan konsumsi obat, sikap pasien terhadap

pengobatan pasien Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), lama pengobatan, adanya

pengawas minum obat terhadap kejadian Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

1.2 Perumusan Masalah

Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana

pengaruh kepatuhan konsumsi obat, sikap pasien terhadap pengobatan pasien Multi-Drug

Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), lama pengobatan, adanya pengawas minum obat terhadap

kejadian Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) ?

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian

Untuk mengetahui kesimpulan dari penggabungan penelitian – penelitian yang

membahas pengaruh kepatuhan konsumsi obat, sikap pasien terhadap pengobatan pasien

Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), lama pengobatan, adanya pengawas minum

obat terhadap kejadian Multi-Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB).

1.4 Metodologi

Penelitian dilakukan dengan penelusuran database yaitu diantaranya PubMed, BMC

Public Health dan Google Scholar dengan tahun publikasi artikel yang tidak lebih dari 5

tahun terakhir. Kriteria inklusi penelitian dengan desain studi observasional dan full paper.

Sedangkan kriteria eksklusi yaitu TB dan TB paru.

Flow Chart Seleksi Studi
 Tabel Telaah Sistematis

Nama Peneliti Tahun Judul Disain Variabel Hasil

1 Achniar Irtiachun 2014 Riwayat Kepatuhan Pengobatan Deskriptif - Pengetahuan - Kurang
Ni'mah, dkk TB Pasien MDR-TB di Kabupaten Kuantitatif (66%)
Jember Tahun 2014 - Dukungan keluarga - Kurang
(46%)
- Dukungan PMO - Baik (59%)
- Efek samping - Ada Efek
Samping
(93%)
- Akses Pelayanan - Tidak Ada
Kesehatan Hambatan
(100%)

2 Putri Pamungkas, 2017 Evaluation of Multi-Drug Resistant Case Control 1. Umur 1. Sig = 0,618
dkk Tuberculosis Predictor Index in 2. Jenis Kelamin 2. Sig = 0,949
Surakarta, Central Java 3. Pendidikan 3. Sig = 0,490
4. Pekerjaan 4. Sig = 0,603
5. Riwayat BCG 5. Sig = 0,102
6. Jarak Pelayanan Kesehatan 6. Sig = 0,275
7. Merokok 7. Sig = 0,143
8. DM 8. Sig = 0,033
9. PMO 9. Sig = 0,001
10. Efek Samping Obat 10. Sig = 0,026
11. Keteraturan Pengobatan 11. Sig = 0,001
12. Pengobatan Sebelumnya 12. Sig = 0,001

3 Cynthia Devi 2018 Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Cross- 1. Motivasi 1. Sig = 0,001
Aristiana, dkk Sectional 2. Kepatuhan Minum Obat 2. Sig = 0,001
terjadinya Multi Drug Resistance Study 3. Konsumsi Alkohol 3. Sig = 0,001
4. Kebiasaan Merokok 4. Sig = 0,001
 Nama Peneliti Tahun Judul Disain Variabel Hasil
Tuberkulosis (MDR-TB) 5. Status Gizi 5. Sig = 0,005
4 Lilla Maria.,S.Kep. 2015 Identifikasi Faktor Resiko Cross- 1. Kepatuhan Minum Obat 1. Sig = 0,001
Ners, M.Kep Terjadinya Tb Mdr pada Penderita Sectional 2. Jenis Kelamin 2. Sig = 0,001
Tb Paru di Wilayah Kerja Kota Study 3. Riwayat Merokok 3. Sig = 0,001
Madiun
5 Mega Shinta, dkk 2016 Kajian Pengobatan dan Kepatuhan Case Control 1. Umur 1. Usia
Pasien Multidrug-Resistant Kepatuhan
Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) di RSUD tertinggi :
A.W Sjahranie Samarinda 20-34 tahun
2. Jenis Kelamin 2. Perempuan :
90%
3. Pekerjaan 3. Pekerjaan
yang paling
patuh : tidak
bekerja
4. Riwayat Penyakit Lain (88,9%)
4. 81,8%
responden
dengan
penyakit
5. Pola Pengobatan penyerta
5. Tahap
lanjutan
(80%)
6 Muh. Ryman 2017 Factors Related To The Success Of Cross- 1. Pengetahuan 1. Sig = 0,002
Napirah, dkk The Treatment Program Of Sectional study 2. Keteraturan Minum Obat 2. Sig = 0,000
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis 3. Pengawas Minum Obat 3. Sig = 0,010
In Polyclinic Of Mdr-Tb Of The 4. Efek Samping Obat 4. Sig = 0,000
General Hospital Of Undata Palu,
Indonesia 5. Kualitas layanan petugas 5. Sig = 0,001
kesehatan
 Nama Peneliti Tahun Judul Disain Variabel Hasil
6. Jarak terhadap fasilitas 6. Sig = 0,315
kesehatan

7 Chunxiao Zhang, 2016 Determinants of multidrug resistant Case Control 1. Pengobatan TB sebelumnya 1. AOR = 4,51
dkk tuberculosis in Henan province in 2. Jenis kelamin laki – laki 2. AOR = 1,09
China: a case control study 3. Tingkat pendidikan lebih 3. AOR = 1,87
rendah
4. Pengangguran 4. AOR = 1,30
5. Jarak tinggal jauh dari 5. AOR = 6,66
faskes
6. Pengetahuan 6. AOR = 2,06
7. Merokok 7. AOR = 2,07
8. Transportasi ke faskes 8. AOR = 1,85
9. Waktu tempuh ke faskes 9. AOR = 1,42
10. Stigma sosial 10. AOR =
1,17
11. Ada infeksi oportunistik 11. AOR =
1,45
12. Lama berobat pertama 12. AOR =
lebih dari 8 bulan 1,39
13. Efek samping obat 13. AOR =
2,39

8 Kedir Abdella, dkk 2015 Drug resistance patterns of Cross 1. Tempat tinggal 1. AOR = 3,4
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sectional 2. Lamanya pengobatan 2. AOR = 3,0
complex and associated factors 3. Frekuensi terapi 3. AOR = 2,9
among retreatment cases around sebelumnya
Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

9 Tadele Teshome 2017 The prevalence and factors Cross 1. Pengawas Pasien 1. Sig = 0,002
 Nama Peneliti Tahun Judul Disain Variabel Hasil
Woimo, dkk associated for anti-tuberculosis Sectional 2. Mendapatkan Pendidikan 2. Sig = 0,001
treatment non-adherence among kesehatan
pulmonary tuberculosis patients in 3. Efek Samping Obat 3. Sig = 0,025
public health care facilities in 4. Fase pengobatan 4. Sig = 0,01
South Ethiopia : a cross sectional 5. Pengetahuan 5. Sig = 0,001
study 6. Biaya Pengobatan 6. Sig = 0,001
 LAMPIRAN JUDUL

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125. Malaria policies versus practices, a reality check from Kinshasa, the capital of the
Democratic Republic of Congo.
126. High effectiveness of a 12-month regimen for MDR-TB patients in Cameroon.
127. Expanding the evidence base supporting shorter treatment durations for multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis.
128. Treatment interruption and directly observed treatment of multidrug-resistant
tuberculosispatients in China.
129. ROLES OF PUBLIC HEALTH CENTERS ( HOKENJO)
IN TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL IN JAPAN.
130. Mortality among MDR-TB cases: comparison with drug-
susceptible tuberculosis and associated factors.
131. Predictors of cure among HIV co-infected multidrug-resistant TB patients at Sizwe
Tropical Disease Hospital Johannesburg, South Africa.
132. Loss from treatment for drug resistant tuberculosis: risk factors and patient outcomes
in a community-based program in Khayelitsha, South Africa.
133. Safety and tolerability profile of second-line anti-tuberculosis medications.
134. Fatal Lure of Look-Back Studies in Explaining Pharmacological Events Such as
Acquired Drug Resistance in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
135. Revised definitions of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes: closer to
the reality?
136. Tuberculosis treatment and drug regimens.
137. 'I'm fed up': experiences of prior anti- tuberculosis treatment in patients with drug-
resistant tuberculosis and HIV.
138. [Analysis of mortality caused by tuberculosis in Medellín, Colombia, 2012].
139. Delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Uzbekistan: a
cross-sectional study.
140. ▼Bedaquiline for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
141. Effects of treatment interruption patterns on treatment success among patients
with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Armenia and Abkhazia.
142. "I can also serve as an inspiration": a qualitative study of the TB&Me blogging
experience and its role in MDR-TB treatment.
143. Treatment for LTBI in contacts of MDR-TB patients, Federated States of
Micronesia, 2009-2012.
144. Management of paediatric tuberculosis in leading UK centres: unveiling consensus
and discrepancies.
145. [Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis].
146. Assessing the impact of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: an exploratory
qualitative study.
147. Preferential adherence to antiretroviral therapy over tuberculosis treatment: a
qualitative study of drug-resistant TB/HIV co-infected patients in South Africa.
148. Isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in Birmingham, United Kingdom, 1999-2010.
149. Adherence in the treatment of patients with extensively drug-
resistant tuberculosis and HIV in South Africa: a prospective cohort study.
150. Facing multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
151. Does Alcohol consumption during multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment affect
outcome?. A population-based study in Kerala, India.
152. Factors associated with interruption of treatment among
Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients in Plateau State, Nigeria. 2011.
153. New antituberculosis drugs, regimens, and adjunct therapies: needs, advances, and
future prospects.
154. Management of patients with multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-
resistant tuberculosis in Europe: a TBNET consensus statement.
155. Quality of tuberculosis care in private health facilities of addis ababa, ethiopia.
156. "Home is where the patient is": a qualitative analysis of a patient-centred model of
care for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.
157. [Tuberculosis in Amazonian municipalities of the Brazil-Colombia-Peru-Venezuela
border: epidemiological situation and risk factors associated with treatment default].
158. Unfinished battle with childhood tuberculosis: is it curable with less drugs and
shorter duration?
159. Are we doing enough to stem the tide of acquired MDR-TB in countries with
high TB burden? Results of a mixed method study in Chongqing, China.
160. Economic support to patients in HIV and TB grants in rounds 7 and 10 from the
global fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.
161. Reasons for defaulting from drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in Armenia: a
quantitative and qualitative study.
162. Attitudes towards involuntary incarceration for tuberculosis: a survey of Union
members.
163. Effects of Ecuador's national monetary incentive program
on adherence to treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis.
164. Methadone treatment improves tuberculosis treatment among hospitalized opioid
dependent patients in Ukraine.
165. Perceptions, health care seeking behaviour and implementation of
a tuberculosis control programme in Lambaréné, Gabon.
166. Factors contributing to the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis among previously treated patients: a case-control study from China.
167. Current status and future trends in the diagnosis and treatment of drug-susceptible
and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
168. High rate of hypothyroidism in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients co-infected
with HIV in Mumbai, India.
169. [Evaluation of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment in Ivory Coast from 2008
to 2010].
170. Treatment outcome of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the United Kingdom:
retrospective-prospective cohort study from 2004 to 2007.
171. Monitoring changes in anti-tuberculosis treatment: associated factors determined at
the time of diagnosis.
172. Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients in Brazilian prisons: a polytomous
regression analysis.
173. Preventive therapy for child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a
prospective cohort study.
174. Mutation in katG315 is, possibly, a good prognostic marker for treatment with
second-line drugs in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: a preliminary study.
175. Determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in patients who underwent first-
line treatmentin Addis Ababa: a case control study.
176. Primary drug-resistant tuberculosis in Hanoi, Viet Nam: present status and risk
factors.
177. Fingerprinting used to combat drug-resistant TB in India, Cambodia.
178. Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance among new and previously treated sputum smear-
positive tuberculosis patients in Uganda: results of the first national survey.
179. A systematic review of the effectiveness of hospital- and ambulatory-based
management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
180. Patterns of treatment interruption among patients with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR
TB) and association with interim and final treatment outcomes.
181. Association of major depressive episode with negative outcomes
of tuberculosis treatment.
182. Evaluation of the impact of immediate versus WHO recommendations-guided
antiretroviral therapy initiation on HIV incidence: the ANRS 12249 TasP
(Treatment as Prevention) trial in Hlabisa sub-district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa:
study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.
183. Tuberculosis: current state of knowledge: an epilogue.
184. 'I cry every day': experiences of patients co-infected with HIV and multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis.
185. Low treatment initiation rates among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in
Gauteng, South Africa, 2011.
186. Adherence and acquired drug-resistance in tuberculosis: wisdom stood on its head.
187. Preventing nosocomial MDR TB transmission in sub Saharan Africa: where are we
at?
188. A pilot study of an mHealth application for healthcare workers: poor uptake despite
high reported acceptability at a rural South African community-based MDR-
TB treatment program.
189. [Evaluation of factors associated with tuberculosis treatment default in Chad].
190. Fitness of acquired drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from DOTS
compliant patients.
191. Fatal case of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing
genotype infection in an injecting drug user, Athens, Greece, 2012.
192. Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in a HIV-infected patient in a UK hospital.
193. Tuberculosis in medical doctors - a study of personal experiences and attitudes.
194. One doctor's misfortune boosts TB treatment activism.
195. Risk factors and timing of default from treatment for non-multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis in Moldova.
196. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Belarus: the size of the problem and associated
risk factors.
197. Tuberculosis is still a scourge of mankind--why?
198. What is the cost of diagnosis and management of drug resistant tuberculosis in South
Africa?
199. Tuberculosis, injecting drug use and integrated HIV- TB care: a review of the
literature.
200. Efficacy of a six-month versus a 36-month regimen for prevention of tuberculosis in
HIV-infected persons in India: a randomized clinical trial.
201. Prescribed and self-medication use increase delays in diagnosis of tuberculosis in the
country of Georgia.
202. Strategies for reducing treatment default in drug-resistant tuberculosis: systematic
review and meta-analysis.
203. Molecular biology of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
204. Adult tuberculosis in Israel and migration: trends and challenges between 1999 and
2010.
205. Lessons from a randomised clinical trial for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
206. Influence of previous tuberculosis treatment history on acid-fast bacilli smear and
culture conversion.
207. Caring for children with drug-resistant tuberculosis: practice-based
recommendations.
208. From magic mountain to table mountain.
209. Trial watch: Novel antimicrobial fights TB resistance.
210. Consequences of noncompliance for therapy efficacy and emergence of resistance in
murine tuberculosis caused by the Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
211. Factors leading to under-reporting of tuberculosis in the private sector in Korea.
212. Predictors of recurrence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-
resistant tuberculosis.
213. [The background of drug-resistant tuberculosis patients on the basis of the annual
report database for 2007-2009 in Japan].
214. Outcomes and follow-up of patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in
Orel, Russia, 2002-2005.
215. Novel compounds and drugs and recent patents in treating multidrug-resistant and
extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
216. Integrated, home-based treatment for MDR-TB and HIV in rural South Africa: an
alternate model of care.
217. Social behaviour risk factors for drug resistant tuberculosis in mainland China: a
meta-analysis.
218. Impact of patient and program factors on default during treatment of multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis.
219. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a remote, conflict-affected area of
the Democratic Republic of Congo.
220. Representations of MDR and XDR-TB in South African newspapers.
221. Surgical treatment to increase the success rate of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
222. Alcohol use and the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Tomsk,
Russian Federation.
223. The unsurprising story of MDR-TB resistance in India.
224. Dried blood spot analysis combined with limited sampling models can advance
therapeutic drug monitoring of tuberculosis drugs.
225. [Outcome and treatment among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis].
226. Hepatotoxicity during treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: occurrence,
management and outcome.
227. Management of children exposed to multidrug-
resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
228. Tuberculosis in childhood.
229. MDR tuberculosis and non-compliance with therapy.
230. Pakistan's battle with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis--establishing the ground
rules.
231. Problems of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant TB.
232. Diagnosis & treatment of tuberculosis in HIV co-infected patients.
233. 'Sputnik': a programmatic approach to improve tuberculosis treatment adherence and
outcome among defaulters.
234. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: experience at the Tuberculosis Research
Centre, Chennai, India.
235. Are tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad, India being
managed according to national guidelines?
236. [Factors related to the occurrence of multi- (extensively-) drug
resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) in our hospital].
237. A national infection control evaluation of drug-resistant tuberculosis hospitals in
South Africa.
238. Nanoparticle delivery of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy as a potential mediator
against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
239. TB control in India--efforts, challenges and priorities.
240. A systematic review of the cost and cost effectiveness of treatment for multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis.
241. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis not due to noncompliance but to between-patient
pharmacokinetic variability.
242. Prevalence of inappropriate tuberculosis treatment regimens: a systematic review.
243. [Predictive factors of lost to follow-up status during tuberculosis treatment].
244. Pulmonary tuberculosis: clinical features and patient management.
245. Tuberculosis chemotherapy in the 21 century: Back to the basics.
246. MDR tuberculosis and non-compliance with therapy.
247. Antimycobacterial activity of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanone, a synthetic analogue of
neolignan, entrapped in polymeric microparticles.
248. A new evolutionary and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic scenario for rapid
emergence of resistance to single and multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs.
249. Ethical issues in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment.
250. New regimens to prevent tuberculosis in adults with HIV infection.
251. Engaging informal providers in TB control: what is the potential in the
implementation of the WHO Stop TB Strategy? A discussion paper.
252. Outcome of standardized treatment for patients with MDR-TB from Tamil Nadu,
India.
253. Resistance to first-line tuberculosis drugs in three cities of Nigeria.
254. [Multi-drug resistance of tuberculosis: 81 patients monitored in an Ivory Coast
pneumology unit].
255. Inappropriate tuberculosis treatment regimens in Chinese tuberculosis hospitals.
256. Effectiveness of the standard WHO recommended retreatment regimen (category II)
for tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: a prospective cohort study.
257. Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-
resistant tuberculosis: current status and future prospects.
258. Tuberculosis (HIV-negative people).
259. [Extensively drug resistant and extremely drug resistant tuberculosis forms after
multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: new faces of the old disease].
260. AIDS pacient's long-term battle with multiply recurrent tuberculosis: reinfection or
reactivation?
261. Factors associated with declining numbers of chronic tuberculosis excretors in
Japan.
262. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis burden and risk factors: an update.
263. Resistant TB: Newer Drugs and Community Approach.
264. [Tuberculosis].
265. Novel technologies: A weapon against tuberculosis.
266. [Tubercular disease: clinical aspects and drug resistance].
267. Co-morbid anxiety and depression among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
268. [Adverse drug reactions in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis].
269. Treatment of latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: update 2010.
270. Current development and future prospects in chemotherapy of tuberculosis.
271. Management of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
272. Multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant TB in persons living with HIV.
273. Development of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis during multidrug-resistant
tuberculosistreatment.
274. [Tuberculosis].
275. Tuberculosis - an under-appreciated disease.
276. Increasing pathomorphism of pulmonary tuberculosis: an observational study of
slow clinical, microbiological and imaging response of lung tuberculosis to
specific treatment. Which role for linezolid?
277. Treatment outcomes and survival based on drug resistance patterns in multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis.
278. Predictors and mortality associated with treatment default in pulmonary tuberculosis.
279. High treatment failure and default rates for patients with multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, 2000-2003.
280. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Kashmir, India.
281. Emergence of increased resistance and extensively drug-
resistant tuberculosis despite treatment adherence, South Africa.
282. Characterization and evaluation of the directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in
Santiago de Compostela (1996-2006).
283. Drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic in the Western Cape driven by a virulent
Beijing genotype strain.
284. [Fight against urban tuberculosis problems and program effects in Osaka City].
285. Multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Africa and South America:
epidemiology, diagnosis and management in adults and children.
286. New old challenges in tuberculosis: potentially effective nanotechnologies in drug
delivery.
287. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: The new face of an
old disease.
288. Mechanisms of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
289. Food incentives to improve completion of tuberculosis treatment: randomised
controlled trial in Dili, Timor-Leste.
290. [Recommendations of the Spanish Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (SEIP)
on the management of drug-resistant tuberculosis].
291. Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
292. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts: recognising missed opportunities for
an optimal response to the rapidly maturing TB-HIV co-epidemic in South Africa.
293. Apocalypse or redemption: responding to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
294. Moxifloxacin versus ethambutol in initial tuberculosis treatment.
295. Outcome of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.
296. Tuberculosis (HIV-negative people).
297. Drug abuse profile - patient delay, diagnosis delay and drug resistance pattern -
among addict patients with tuberculosis.
298. Successful integration of tuberculosis and HIV treatment in rural South Africa: the
Sizonq'oba study.
299. Problems in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection.
300. Clinical deterioration during antitubercular treatment at a district hospital in South
Africa: the importance of drug resistance and AIDS defining illnesses.
301. Clinical evolution of a group of patients with multidrug-resistant TB treated at a
referral center in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
302. Multidrug-resistant to extensively drug resistant tuberculosis: what is next?
303. Predictors of poor treatment outcome in multi- and extensively drug-resistant
pulmonary TB.
304. Management of HIV-infected patients with MDR- and XDR-TB in resource-limited
settings.
305. [Tuberculosis control in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo--promoting the DOTS program and
its outcome].
306. Treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and role of the pharmacist.
307. [Multidrug pulmonary tuberculosis: sociomedical features and the efficiency of
inpatient treatment].
308. Drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from
pulmonary tuberculosispatients in Jos, Nigeria.
309. Update on the treatment of tuberculosis.
310. A health systems assessment of the KwaZulu-Natal tuberculosis programme in the
context of increasing drug resistance.
311. Plague on a plane.
312. Decentralised management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR- and XDR-TB) in
South Africa: an alternative model of care.
313. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: case reports study in a central state of Brazil.
314. Risk factors and mortality associated with default from multidrug-resistant
tuberculosistreatment.
315. Biopharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antituberculosis
drugs.
316. Outcome of directly observed therapy short course (DOTS) regimen in a rural
community of the Nigerian Niger Delta.
317. Resistance to implementing policy change: the case of Ukraine.
318. Peak plasma rifampicin level in tuberculosis patients with slow culture conversion.
319. [Antibiotic drug-resistant tuberculosis].
320. Adverse reactions among patients being treated for MDR-TB in Tomsk, Russia.
321. Barriers to successful tuberculosis treatment in Tomsk, Russian Federation: non-
adherence, default and the acquisition of multidrug resistance.
322. [Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy].
323. A public-private partnership for TB control in Timika, Papua Province, Indonesia.
324. [Clinical practice guidelines from the Andalusian Society of Infectious Diseases
(SAEI) for the treatment of tuberculosis].
325. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
epidemiology and control.
326. Advances in the treatment of tuberculosis.
327. Tuberculosis in European cities: establishment of a patient monitoring system over
10 years in Paris, France.
328. Barriers to reaching the targets for tuberculosis control: multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis.
329. Russian oblast is model in fight against TB.
330. Review series: the politics of TB: the politics, economics and impact of directly
observed treatment(DOT) in India.
331. Mortality and failure among tuberculosis patients who did not complete treatment in
Vietnam: a cohort study.
332. XDR-TB or not XDR-TB? That is the question.
333. Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in children:
management challenges.
334. [International standards for tuberculosis management].
335. HIV testing and disclosure: a qualitative analysis of TB patients in South Africa.
336. Results of directly observed treatment for tuberculosis in Ensenada, Mexico: not all
DOTS programs are created equally.
337. Effect of pharmacist-led patient education on adherence to tuberculosis treatment.
338. Psychosocial support groups for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: five
years of experience.
339. Enhancement of treatment completion for latent tuberculosis infection with 4 months
of rifampin.
340. [Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in AIDS patients at the beginning of the
millennium].
341. Scaling up HIV treatment in Peru: applying lessons from DOTS-Plus.
342. Nurses as providers of emotional support to patients with MDR-TB.
343. Tuberculosis treatment default among Brazilian children.
344. API TB Consensus Guidelines 2006: Management of pulmonary tuberculosis, extra-
pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis in special situations.
345. Risk factors associated with default from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment,
South Africa, 1999-2001.
346. Trends in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New York City, 1991-2003.
347. Tuberculosis.
348. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without HIV infection: success with individualised
therapy.
349. Multidrug-resistant tuberculous meningitis in children in Durban, South Africa.
350. Tuberculosis in diabetic patients: a clinical perspective.
351. The dynamics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Colima, Mexico (1999-2002).
352. Drug resistance evolution of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain from a
noncompliant patient.
353. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB): epidemiology, prevention
and treatment.
354. Factors associated with treatment outcomes in pulmonary tuberculosis in
northeastern Thailand.
355. Efficacy and safety of linezolid in multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)--a
report of ten cases.
356. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Peninsular Malaysia: retrospective study of 195
cases.
357. Tuberculosis, a re-emergent disease.
358. Tuberculosis -- persistent threat to human health.
359. Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Italy.
360. Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and patients in retreatment.
361. [Process of acquiring drug resistance: retrospective review of records of MDR TB].
362. What lessons can be drawn from tuberculosis (TB) control in China in the 1990s?
An analysis from a health system perspective.
363. [A case of pulmonary multiresistant Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in
Madagascar].
364. Tuberculosis.
365. [Miss-management in treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis].
366. Adverse events in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: results from the
DOTS-Plus initiative.
367. Isoniazid resistant TB and non-compliance.
368. [Management of TB suspected cases of drug resistant tuberculosis requiring a
second treatment].
369. [Multi-drug resistant lung tuberculosis due to double infection of MDR strain].
370. Which agents should we use for the treatment of multidrug-
resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
371. [Tuberculosis in immigrants: clinical and epidemiological differences as compared
to the native population (1999-2002)].
372. Treatment and follow-up of HIV-negative multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in
an infectious diseases reference hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
373. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: should you try this at home?
374. The management of respiratory tuberculosis.
375. European expansion. Outwitting TB on the E.U.'s eastern frontier.
376. Chest physicians' and microbiologists' awareness and demand for drug monitoring in
the treatmentof TB.
377. Identifying early treatment failure on category I therapy for
pulmonary tuberculosis in Lima Ciudad, Peru.
378. Programmes and principles in treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
379. Beyond DOtS: avenues ahead in the management of tuberculosis.
380. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the treatment of active disease.
381. [Causes and factors of development of drug resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis].
382. Tuberculosis in Pakistan: are we losing the battle?
383. Comparative roles of levofloxacin and ofloxacin in the treatment of multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis: preliminary results of a retrospective study from Hong Kong.
384. Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in children.
385. Clinical and genetic risk factors for the development of multi-drug
resistant tuberculosis in non-HIV infected patients at a tertiary care center in India: a
case-control study.
386. The risk of MDR-TB and polyresistant tuberculosis among the civilian population of
Tomsk city, Siberia, 1999.
387. Prevalence and predictors of default from tuberculosis treatment in Hong Kong.
388. Risk factors for drug resistant tuberculosis in Leicestershire--
poor adherence to treatmentremains an important cause of resistance.
389. Paediatric tuberculosis.
390. The role of the nurse in the community-based treatment of multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis(MDR-TB).
391. [Current treatment of tuberculosis].
392. Treatment outcome of tuberculosis among Saudi nationals: role of drug resistance
and compliance.
393. Childhood tuberculosis: treatment strategies and recent advances.
394. Current problems of drug-resistant tuberculosis and its control.
395. Current medical treatment for tuberculosis.
396. Children and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Mumbai (Bombay), India.
397. Risk factors associated with default, failure and death among tuberculosis patients
treated in a DOTS programme in Tiruvallur District, South India, 2000.
398. Molecular analysis of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis collected from
patients with persistent disease in the Khartoum region of Sudan.
399. Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of standardised second-line drug treatment for
chronic tuberculosis patients: a national cohort study in Peru.
400. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
401. [Clinical analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis].
402. Drug-resistant tuberculosis: concluding remarks.
403. Just coercion? Detention of nonadherent tuberculosis patients.
404. Moral problems in the use of coercion in dealing with nonadherence in the diagnosis
and treatmentof tuberculosis.
405. Holding the patient.
406. Drug-resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary referral teaching hospital of Korea.
407. [Multiresistant tuberculosis in the Czech Republic in 1998 and causes of its
occurrence].
408. Treatment experience of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Florida, 1994-1997.
409. Feasibility of home-based and health centre-based DOT: perspectives of TB care
providers and clients in an HIV-endemic area of Thailand.
410. The challenge of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
411. Direct observation of tuberculosis treatment.
412. Tuberculosis.
413. From the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Tuberculosis treatment interruptions--Ivanovo Oblast, Russian
Federation, 1999.
414. Tuberculosis problems in the Asia-Pacific region.
415. Tuberculosis in Thailand.
416. Evaluating provider prescribing practices for the treatment of tuberculosis in
Virginia, 1995 to 1998: an assessment of educational need.
417. The rationale for recommending fixed-dose combination tablets
for treatment of tuberculosis.
418. Drug development for tuberculosis: the missing ingredient.
419. Are we on the brink of a new white plague in Russia?
420. Drug resistant tuberculosis.
421. Tuberculosis drug resistance in England and Wales. How much is 'home-grown'?
422. Comparison of fitness of two isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of which
had developed multi-drug resistance during the course of treatment.
423. Tuberculosis control in India--past, present and future.
424. Management of tuberculosis. Choosing an effective regimen and
ensuring compliance.
425. Human immunodeficiency virus-related tuberculosis and primary drug resistance in
Bangkok, Thailand.
426. Drug-resistant tuberculosis in South African gold miners: incidence and associated
factors.
427. Drug-resistant tuberculosis.
428. Phenothiazines: an alternative to conventional therapy for the initial management of
suspected multidrug resistant tuberculosis. A call for studies.
429. Infectious disease. Drug-resistant TB on the rise.
430. Outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated with
ofloxacin/levofloxacin-containing regimens.
431. Exogenous reinfection as a cause of recurrent tuberculosis after curative treatment.
432. The threat of multidrug resistance: is tuberculosis ever untreatable or uncontrollable?
433. First-line tuberculosis therapy and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in
prisons.
434. Treatment and implications of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis for the 21st century.
435. Directly observed therapy, short-course: the best way to prevent multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis.
436. Management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
437. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
438. Outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment in the tertiary care setting--Toronto
1992/93. Tuberculosis Treatment Completion Study Group.
439. Low levels of drug resistance amidst rapidly increasing tuberculosis and human
immunodeficiency virus co-epidemics in Botswana.
440. DOTS and drug resistance: a silver lining to a darkening cloud.
441. TB continues its lethal ways.
442. The use of legal action in New York City to ensure treatment of tuberculosis.
443. Catching patients: tuberculosis and detention in the 1990s.
444. [Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. 4. Treatment and prognosis of multidrug-resistant
tuberculosis].
445. [Diagnosis and treatment of mycobacterial infections in patients with HIV/AIDS].
446. Randomised controlled trial of self-supervised and directly
observed treatment of tuberculosis.
447. Principles of therapy for tuberculosis.
448. Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
449. Initial drug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis: evaluation of physician
prescribing practices in New Jersey, 1994 to 1995.
450. Low serum antimycobacterial drug levels in non-HIV-infected tuberculosis patients.
451. How drug resistance emerges as a result of poor compliance during short course
chemotherapy for tuberculosis.
452. The influence of program acceptability on the effectiveness of public health policy: a
study of directly observed therapy for tuberculosis.
453. Time to detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum culture correlates with
outcome in patients receiving treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis.
454. [Antitubercular chemotherapy].
455. Radiographic findings and patterns in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
456. Long-term hospitalization for tuberculosis control. Experience with a medical-
psychosocial inpatient unit.
457. Tuberculosis: old lessons unlearnt?
458. Antituberculosis drug resistance: practical solutions to practical problems.
459. A cost-effectiveness analysis of directly observed therapy vs self-administered
therapy for treatment of tuberculosis.
460. In pursuit of tuberculosis control: civil liberty vs public health.
461. Treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with interferon-gamma via
aerosol.
462. Retreatment tuberculosis cases. Factors associated with drug resistance and adverse
outcomes.
463. Beyond directly observed therapy for tuberculosis.
464. 'Multidrug'-resistant tuberculosis. It is time to focus on the private sector of
medicine.
465. Fighting TB: a second chance to do it right.
466. [Compliance, efficacy and tolerability of the therapeutic regimen recommended by
National Consensus on Tuberculosis].
467. Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
468. ASHP therapeutic position statement on strategies for preventing and
treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
469. Combating tuberculosis.
470. Multiple drug resistant tuberculosis.
471. M tuberculosis drug resistance in AIDS.
472. [Reasons for chronic expectoration--case reports].
473. [Treatment of patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis with expectoration--
evaluation of effectiveness].
474. [Reasons for chronic sputum culture positive tuberculosis--evaluation based on
personal experience].
475. Adherence to therapy in tuberculosis.
476. Research issues involving HIV-associated tuberculosis in resource-poor countries.
477. [Shorter treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis is only acceptable with at least 4 drugs
in the initial combination of tuberculostatic agents].
478. [The treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: shorter and with more potency].
479. The relationship between delayed or incomplete treatment and all-cause mortality in
patients with tuberculosis.
480. The changing epidemiology of acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis in San Francisco,
USA.
481. Prevention and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
482. A new epidemic.
 483. Stop the TB scourge.
484. Compliance, coercion, and compassion: moral dimensions of the return
of tuberculosis.
485. Development of multidrug resistant tuberculosis following supervised care: a case
for directly observed therapy.
486. Tuberculosis, HIV disease, and directly observed therapy.
487. Implementing a directly observed therapy program in an urban community hospital.
488. Professional healthcare workers' attitudes toward treating patients with multidrug-
resistant tuberculosis.
489. Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Thailand.
490. Multidrug resistance in the world: the present situation.
491. [Therapy and prognosis of tuberculosis].
492. Tuberculosis in prisons--forgotten plague.
493. Control of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
494. Treatment in developing countries.
495. Escalating threat from tuberculosis: the third epidemic.
496. Chemotherapy for tuberculosis.
497. Drug-resistant tuberculosis in the 1990s.
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BMC Public Health

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qualitative study on DOTS service in public health centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
4. Health system factors influencing management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in
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43. HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN PMO DAN KETERATURAN MINUM OBAT
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52. SMS GATEWAY SEBAGAI UPAYA OPTIMALISASI PROGRAM DOTS DALAM
MENINGKATKAN KEPATUHAN MINUM OBAT
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58. FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMANDIRIAN FISIK PADA
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59. GAMBARAN PUTUS BEROBAT DARI SUDUT PANDANG PENDERITA DAN
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60. Hubungan Kepatuhan dalam Menjalani Pengobatan dengan Hasil Pengobatan pada
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Binaan
62. PENERAPAN BATUK EFEKTIF DAN FISIOTERAPI DADA PADA
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63. Gambaran Faktor Risiko Pengobatan Tuberkulosis Paru di Kota Manado Tahun 2014
64. Evaluation the Pulmonary Tuberculosis Control Program with Strategy DOTS in
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INTERPERSONAL PADA PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI DENPASAR
66. KOHORT RETROSPEKTIF PEMBERANTASAN TUBERKULOSIS SETRATEGI
DOTS DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN TAHUN 2000-2006
67. HUBUNGAN KONDISI RUMAH PENDERITA TB PARU DENGAN
KEBERHASILAN PENGOBATAN TB PARU DI RSUD DR. RM. PRATOMO
BAGANSIAPIAPI
68. Gambaran Efek Samping Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (Oat) Lini Kedua Pada
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70. Pengaruh perilaku dan status gizi terhadap kejadian TB paru di kota Pekalongan
71. KETIDAKPATUHAN PASIEN POLI GIGI YANG MENDERITA PENDERITA
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72. Upaya keluarga untuk mencegah penularan dalam perawatan anggota keluarga
dengan tb paru
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Penyakit Tb Paru pada Pasien yang Berobat di Poli Paru RSUD Arifin Achmad …
74. Hasil Diagnostik Mycobacterium tuberculosis pada Penderita Batuk 2 Minggu
dengan Pewarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen Di Poliklinik DOTS RSUP Prof. Dr. RD Kandou …
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Pengobatan Strategi DOTS Dengan Penyakit Tb Paru di Kecamatan Tirto
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79. Relationship Between Proactive Coping and Self-Care Management in Patient with
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80. Hubungan antara Karakteristik Individu, Praktik Hygiene dan Sanitasi Lingkungan
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83. FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETIDAKPATUHAN MINUM
OBAT PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DI RUMAH SAKIT PARU dr. ARIO …
84. The Relationship Between Characteristic of Host with Incidence of
Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Clinic Dots RSUD Dr. Ibnu Sutowo Baturaja
85. ANALISIS HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN PASIEN TB PARU TERHADAP
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88. Perception Of TB BTA (+) Patients about Treatment with Healing Status
89. Hubungan Faktor Sosial Demografi Terhadap Kejadian Tuberkulosis Menurut
Stratifikasi Jenis Kelamin Di Jawa Tengah
90. Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kesembuhan Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru
91. HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN INSTRUMENTAL DARI KELUARGA DENGAN
EFIKASI DIRI KLIEN TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI WILAYAH KERJA
PUSKESMAS
92. ANALISA FAKTOR–FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KINERJA
PERAWAT DALAM PENATALAKSANAAN TUBERKULOSIS
93. STIGMA DAN DISKRIMINASI KLIEN TUBERKULOSIS
94. ANALISA SITUASI TUBERKULOSIS (TB) DI KABUPATEN KEBUMEN
95. Kegagalan Pengobatan Pada Pasien Tb Di Rumah Sakit
96. TUBERKULOSIS PARU BASIL TAHAN ASAM POSITIF DENGAN
SKLOFULODERMA PADA PASIEN LAKI-LAKI DEWASA YANG MALNUTRISI
97. TUBERKULOSIS PARU BASIL TAHAN ASAM POSITIF POSITIF DENGAN
SKLOFULODERMA PADA PASIEN LAKI-LAKI DEWASA YANG MALNUTRISI
98. Tingkat keberhasilan Terapi Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Kabupaten Purbalingga
Tahun 2009
99. Perbedaan Kadar Sgpt pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru Sebelum dan Sesudah Fase
Intensif di Poliklinik Paru RSUD Arifin Achmad Pekanbaru
100. Implementasi Terapi DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course)
pada TB Paru di RS Muhammadiyah Palembang
101. PERBANDINGAN TINGKAT KEBERHASILAN
TERAPI TUBERKULOSIS PADA PUSKESMAS YANG SUDAH
BERSERTIFIKAT ISO DAN TIDAK DI KABUPATEN …
102. Pengaruh Perencanaan Pasien Pulang (Discharge Planning) yang Dilakukan oleh
Perawat terhadap Kesiapan Pasien Tb Paru Menghadapi Pemulangan POTT'S
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103. HUBUNGAN PERAN KELUARGA SEBAGAI PMO (PENGAWAS
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104. Analisis Besaran Biaya Obat Beberapa Penyakit Rawat Jalan dan Faktor-Faktor
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