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Investigation 31 Determine the Concentration of CuSO4 Using Spectrometer

Aim

This practical is designed to determine the absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of copper (II) ions

and investigate how does the concentration of Copper II sulfate solution affect its absorbency of light?

Safety

Wear your safety goggles.

Aqueous copper (II) sulfate is an irritant.

Avoid skin contact with this chemical.

Return or dispose of all materials according to the instructions of your teacher

Apparatus

Distilled water

0.5000M CuSO4, 0.2500M CuSO4, 0.1250M CuSO4, 0.0625M CuSO4, 0.0313M CuSO4, unknown

CuSO4

Measuring Cylinder

Cuvettes (about 5)

Beakers

Colorimeter

Part A: Determine the absorption spectrum of an aqueous Cu (II) ions solution:

Process

1. Turn on the spectrophotometer and allow it to warm up for about 30 minutes.

2. Set the wavelength control knob to 375nm, Adjust the amplifier control knob to produce 0 percent

transmittance (0%T) at this wavelength.

3. Add distilled water to a clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Wipe the outside of the cuvette with a

tissue to make sure that it is clean and dry. Hold the unclear sides of cuvette only. Avoid getting

fingerprints on the clear sides of the cuvette.

4. Place the cuvette in the sample holder and close the cover. Adjust the light control knob until the

spectrophotometer reads 100%T.

5. Remove the first sample from the spectrophotometer. Add 0.5000M copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4

solution, to another clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Clean and dry the cuvette surface, insert it
into the sample holder. Close the cover of the holder. Read the corresponding absorbance, and then

record the reading in your data table. Remove the sample from the holder.

6. Turn the wavelength dial to 400nm. Repeat the step 2- step 5 to measure and record the absorbance at

400nm.

7. Increase the wavelength by 20nm, and continue the procedure of setting 0%T, setting 100%T, and

measure the absorbance of the CuSO4 solution until 740nm.

8. Plot absorbance (A) versus wavelength, and determine at what wavelengths do copper (II) sulfate

absorbs the maximum amount of light.

Raw Data

Wavelength (±1nm) Absorbance

375 0.01

400 0.011

420 0.011

440 0.009

460 0.012

480 0.014

500 0.022

520 0.04

540 0.079

560 0.147

580 0.27

600 0.458

620 0.752

640 1.185

660 1.838

680 over

Graph
Absorbance V.S. Wavelength
(with 0.5000M CuSO4)

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2
Absorption

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength (±1nm)

Part B: Investigate how does the concentration of Copper II sulphate solution affect its

absorbency of light?

Process

1. Set the wavelength control knob to the value of wavelength at which copper (II) sulfate absorbs the

maximum amounts of light. Adjust the amplifier control knob to produce 0 percent transmittance (0%T)

at this wavelength.

2. Add distilled water to a clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Wipe clean the cuvette surface. Avoid

getting fingerprints on the clear sides of the cuvette.

3. Place the cuvette in the sample holder and close the cover. Adjust the light control knob until the

spectrophotometer reads 100%T.

4. Remove the first sample from the spectrophotometer. Add 0.0313M copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4

solution, to another clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Wipe clean the cuvette surface, insert it into

the sample holder. Close the cover of the holder. Read the corresponding absorbance, and then record the

reading in your data table. Remove the sample from the holder.
5. Keep the wavelength constant. Change the concentration of CuSO4 into 0.0625M, 0.1250M,

0.2500M, , and 0.5000M respectively. Repeat the step 2- step 5 to measure and record the percent

transmittance and corresponding absorbance at the same wavelength.

6. Plot absorbance (A) versus concentration to generate a calibration curve.

Raw Data

With wavelength=650±1nm

Concentration (M) Absorbance 1 Absorbance 2 Average absorbance

0.0313 0.095 0.094 0.0945

0.0625 0.196 0.195 0.1955

0.1250 0.388 0.388 0.388

0.2500 0.754 0.754 0.754

0.5000 1.495 1.495 1.495

Graph

Absorbance V.S. Concentration


Absorption
1.625
Wavelength is 650±1nm
y = 3.0019x
1.5 R² = 0.9998
1.375
1.25
1.125
1
0.875
0.75
0.625
0.5
0.375
0.25
0.125
0
0 0.4 0.8
Concentration (M)
Part C: Determine the concentration of the unknown CuSO4 solution.

Process

1. Repeat step 1 to 4 in Part B, and measure the absorbance of the unknown CuSO4 solution.

2. Find the concentration using the calibration curve generated in Part B.

Raw Data

With wavelength=650±1nm

Absorbance 1 Absorbance 2 Average absorbance Concentration (M)

0.609 0.609 0.609 Unknown

Calculation

According to part B, it can be approximated that A=3.0019c

A 0.609
\cunknown = = » 0.2029M
3.0019 3.0019

Conclusion:

Part A: As wavelength increases, the absorbance increases. Rate of increase of absorbance also increases

as wavelength becomes larger.

Part B: Beer-Lambert Law states that A=ϵlc, where A is the absorbance, c is the concentration, ϵ is
molar extinction coefficient, and L is pathlength. Since ϵ and L is constant in the experiment, absorbance

of light should be proportional to the concentration of the CuSO4 solution. The data gathered in the

experiment supports this relationship as a straight line passing through the origin could be drawn from

the data points. This also shows that the errors are relatively small and negligible in the experiment.

Part C: The concentration of the unknown solution is approximately 0.2029M.

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