47th US Rock Mechanics /

Geomechanics Symposium 2013

San Francisco, California, USA

23-26 June 2013

Volume 1 of 4

Editors:

Laura J. Pyrak-Nolte Joseph Morris

Alvin Chan Jamal Rostami
William Dershowitz

ISBN: 978-1-62993-118-0
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume 1

EXPERIMENTAL ROCK MECHANICS I - SHALE AND MUDROCKS

Experience Using a Novel 45 Degree Transducer to Develop a General Unconventional Shale Geomechanical
Model ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Munir Sharf-Aldin, Richard Rosen, Santhosh Narasimhan, Meghana Paiangle
Strength Anisotropy of Mancos Shale............................................................................................................................................................ 21
E. Fjær, O.-M. Nes
Generating Mechanical Stratigraphy in Layered Rock Masses Using Numerical Averaging of Cohesive-frictional
Strength ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
N. Dedontney, B. Crawford, B. Alramahi
Using Asymmetric Yield Surfaces to Model Material Anisotropy.............................................................................................................. 39
S. A. Akl, L. Louis
Laboratory and Constitutive Modeling of Colorado Shale at High Pressure and Temperature ............................................................ 45
M. Mohamadi, X. Gong, R. G. Wan
Brittle Failure Processes in Veined Clay Rock with Large Strength Contrasts Between Vein and Matrix .......................................... 53
F. Amann, P. K. Kaiser, Ö. Ündül

MINE SEISMICITY

Expansion, Performance, and Improvement of the Rock Burst Monitoring System at the Coeur, Galena, and
Caladay Mines, Wallace, ID ............................................................................................................................................................................ 60
K. K. Dehn, S. Knoll
Implementation of a Seismic System at Niobec Mine................................................................................................................................... 68
Jean-François Dorion, Zara Hosseini
Application of Fault Stability Analysis Techniques for Design of Deep Engineering Projects ............................................................... 74
T. G. Carter, B. C. Valley
Induced Seismic Force Reduction Using Air Deck Blasting at Mae Moh Mine, Thailand ...................................................................... 86
A. Boonnumma, C. Leelasukseree
An Improved and Optimized Positioning Method of Microseismic Source in Mining............................................................................. 93
Quanjie Zhu, Fuxing Jiang, Yingkui Wu, Yongming Yin, Couxian Shu, Zhengxing Yu, Hongyang Ju

CO2 SEQUESTRATION AND UTILIZATION

A Bayesian Approach to Mitigate Parameter Uncertainty in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Models ................................................ 101
M. Sarkarfarshi, R. Gracie
Hydraulic Fracturing During Injection of CO2 into Deep Ocean Sediments .......................................................................................... 111
J. S. Levine, S. Kelkar, P. H. Stauffer
Site-specific Geomechanical Modeling for Predicting Stress Changes Around Depleted Gas Reservoirs Considered
for CO2 Storage in the Netherlands.............................................................................................................................................................. 117
B. Orlic
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Mechanical Deformation due to CO2 Injection in a Compartmentalized Reservoir ..................... 125
L. Chiaramonte, J. A. White, Y. Hao, P. Ringrose
The Influence of Caprock Initial Damage on Its Fracturing Process During CO2 Injection Into a Brine Aquifer ............................ 134
P. Z. Pan, J. Rutqvist, X. T. Feng, F. Yan
Geomechanical Effects on CO2 Leakage Through Fault Zones During Large-scale Underground Injection..................................... 140
A. P. Rinaldi, J. Rutqvist, P. Jeanne, F. Cappa

ROCK SLOPES I

Role of 3D Topography in Rock Fall Trajectories and Model Sensitivity to Input Parameters ........................................................... 150
R. Macciotta, C. D. Martin
A New Failure Mode Chart for Toppling and Sliding with Consideration of Earthquake Inertia Force............................................ 159
G. Yagoda-Biran, Y. H. Hatzor
DEM Modeling of Jointed Rock Slopes ....................................................................................................................................................... 165
F. V. Donzé, B. Harthong, L. Scholtès
The Application of Vector Sum Method on Three-dimensional Rock Slope Rock Slope Stability Analysis ....................................... 175
Mingwei Guo, Shuilin Wang, Conghua Yuan, Xiurun Ge
The Mitchell Creek Landslide, B.C., Canada: Investigation Using Remote Sensing and Numerical Modeling ................................. 180
M. A. Clayton, D. Stead, D. Kinakin
The Effects of Earthquakes on Rock Slopes ................................................................................................................................................ 188
Ö. Aydan
RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICS I

Sand Production Initiation Criteria and Their Validation........................................................................................................................ 198

E. Papamichos, K. Furui
Development and Calibrations of a Coupled Reservoir Geomechanic Model for Valhall Field ........................................................... 207
Gang Han, Ben Vaughn, Andrew Davids, John Spokes, Robert Newman, Jose Adachi
Field Scale Geomechanical Modeling for Prediction of Fault Stability During Underground Gas Storage
Operations in a Depleted Gas Field in the Netherlands ............................................................................................................................. 216
B. Orlic, B. B. T. Wassing, C. R. Geel
Discrete Element Modeling of Fault Mechanics and Permeability Evolution for Gas Production and Storage:
Effect of Shale Content and Distribution..................................................................................................................................................... 227
J. H. Terheege, G. C. Hoedeman
Measuring the Biot Stress Coefficient and Its Implications on the Effective Stress Estimate............................................................... 244
A Nermoen, R. Korsnes, H. F. Christensen, N. Trads, A. Hiorth, M. V. Madland
A Post-depletion Subsidence Mechanism in the Southern Coastal Zone of Louisiana, USA ................................................................ 253
Chandong Chang, E. P. Mallman, M. D. Zoback

DEEP MINE ROCK MECHANICS

A Study of the Influence of Fragmentation in Ore-pass Hang-up Phenomena ....................................................................................... 259

Xuhai Tang, Adriana Paluszny, Robert W. Zimmerman
Laboratory-scale Strain and Temperature Response of a Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor ............................................................... 264
B. M. Madjdabadi, Benoît Valley, Leah Siczkar, Maurice B. Dusseault, Peter K. Kaiser
Research on Deep Ore-lode’s Extension Direction Based on Digital Borehole Image ........................................................................... 272
Chuanying Wang, Zengqiang Han, Sheng Hu, Hengyin Zhu, Bohua Wang
Quantifying the Effects of Adverse Geology on Pillar Strength through Numerical Modeling ............................................................ 279
R. P. Preston, D. Stead, H. McIntire, D. P. Roberts

TRANSPORT AND COUPLED PROCESSES IN FRACTURES

Permeability Structure of a Strike-Slip Fault ............................................................................................................................................. 288

K. Karasaki, C. T. Onishi, J. Goto
Exploring Alternative Characterizations of Fracture Stiffness and Their Respective Scaling Behaviors........................................... 294
J. P. Morris, J. Jocker, R. Prioul
Dispersive Waves Propagating along a Surface Fracture.......................................................................................................................... 303
B. C. Abell, L. J. Pyrak-Nolte
Decoupling Reaction and Deformation in Natural Fractures with X-Ray Micro-tomography and Particle Image
Velocimetry ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 310
S. D. C. Walsh, M. M. Smith, S. A. Carroll
Micro-Scale Simulation of Fracture Alteration Caused by Coupled Chemical and Mechanical Processes ........................................ 318
P. Ameli, R. L. Detwiler, J. E. Elkhoury, J. P. Morris
Particle Swarms in Variable Aperture Fractures....................................................................................................................................... 325
E. B. Boomsma, L. J. Pyrak-Nolte

ROCK SLOPES II

Challenges in Design and Construction of Retaining Walls in Complex Geology .................................................................................. 332
J. P. Hsi, L. D. Hutton, N. T. Oo
Probabilistic-Numerical Modeling of Stability of a Rock Slope in Amasya-Turkey .............................................................................. 341
S. Gheibie, S. H. B. Duzgun, A. Akgun
Resin Grouted Rock Anchors: Case Histories of Failures and Mitigation .............................................................................................. 347
W. C. B. Gates
Application of a Quantitative Approach for Kinematic Analysis of Rock Slope Failures Along Cut Slopes in Ohio ........................ 352
Y. Admassu, A. Shakoor
Interpretation of Pit Scale Faults at an Unexposed Bedrock Site Using Exclusively Borehole Data: A Case Study at
the EKATI Pigeon Pit Site............................................................................................................................................................................. 361
S. A. R. Keneti, C. Chaparro, C. Hunt, J. Wishart

WELLBORE STABILITY

Geomechanical Modeling of the Mad Dog Salt, Gulf of Mexico ............................................................................................................... 372
M. A. Nikolinakou, M. P. Merrell, G. Luo, P. B. Flemings, M. R. Hudec
Interface Modeling to Predict Wellbore Damage for Big Hill Strategic Petroleum Reserve................................................................. 379
B. Y. Park
Case Studies on Wellbore Stability of Tight Sand Formations in West China ....................................................................................... 389
Xinpu Shen
Borehole Shale Stability Analysis to Facilitate Successful Drilling of a Horizontal Well in the North Sea ......................................... 395
O.-M. Nes, A. Brenna, K. Gran, A. Saasen
Discrete Element Modeling of Transversely Isotropic Rock ..................................................................................................................... 407
B. Park, K.-B. Min
Impact of Drilling Mechanics on the Geomechanical Model: An Example from Gorgon Development Drilling
Campaign, Offshore Australia ...................................................................................................................................................................... 417
J. L. Avila

NUMERICAL MODELING IN COAL MINES

Quantifying the Benefit of Cable Bolts As Supplementary Support in Coal Mines Using the Strength Reduction
Method ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 426
M. M. Murphy, G. S. Esterhuizen
Inferring Mine Floor Properties from Pillar Size and Floor Heave ......................................................................................................... 438
D. R. Tesarik, J. K. Whyatt, M. K. Larson
Numerical Modeling of the Performance of Active and Passive Bolts Installed at an Illinois Basin Coal MIne................................. 451
Anil K. Ray, Murali M. Gadde, Anthony J. S. Spearing
Modeling Unstable Failure of Coal Pillars in Underground Mining Using the Discrete Element Method.......................................... 462
E. M. C. Kias, U. Ozbay
Distinct Element Analysis of Discontinuity Stable and Unstable Shear Failure ..................................................................................... 472
R. Gu, U. Ozbay
Estimation of Parting Stability and Support Requirements During Depillaring in Two Contiguous Coal Seams ............................. 480
Raghwendra Singh, S. K. Singh, A. Kushwaha, A. Sinha

THERMAL, HYDROLOGICAL, MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES UPON

ROCK

Modeling Hydraulic and Chemical Processes in Crushable Granular Materials................................................................................... 491

G. Buscarnera
Formation Mechanisms of Beachrocks in Okinawa and Ishikawa, Japan .............................................................................................. 498
T. Danjo, S. Kawasaki, T. Hata
Influence of Infusion Rate and Magma Rheology on the Growth of Lava Domes ................................................................................. 505
Taha Husain, Derek Elsworth, Barry Voight, Glen Mattioli, Pamela Jansma
Impacts of Cold CO2 Injection in Deep Saline Aquifers on the Rock Mechanical Integrity ................................................................. 514
V. Vilarrasa, J. Carrera, O. Silva, S. Olivella
Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical Processes Modeling to Evaluate Salt-based Repositories in the Long-Term................................... 520
L. Blanco Martín, J. Rutqvist, J. T. Birkholzer, J. E. Houseworth
Effect of Confining Pressure on Permeability During Deformation and Failure of Several Rocks Under
Compression.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 529
A. K. M. B. Alam, M. Niioka, Y. Fujii

CONSTITUTIVE MODELS

Modeling Stiffness Anisotropy Induced by Crack Opening in Rocks Subjected to Thermal versus Mechanical
Stress Gradients.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 535
C. Zhu, C. Arson, H. Xu
Queenston Formation: Tunnel Back Analysis and Forward Shaft Prediction........................................................................................ 543
M. A. Perras, E. Ghazvinian, M. S. Diederichs, T. Lam
Development of an Orthotropic Constitutive Model for a Jointed Rock Mass ....................................................................................... 555
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake, Q. Wu
Non-destructive Testing of Rock Mass Deformation in Spent Nuclear Fuel Disposal Research Facilities .......................................... 563
P. Kantia, E. Heikkinen, C. Cosma, N. Enescu, T. Lehtimäki, K. Kemppainen
Theoretical and Numerical Modeling of Rock Hysteresis Based on Sliding of Microcracks................................................................. 573
Morteza Nejati, Adriana Paluszny, Robert W. Zimmerman
Towards a Thermodynamic Framework to Model Particle Crushing and Sieving................................................................................ 582
E. Bakhtiary, C. Arson

POSTER1

POSTERS - CO2 SEQUESTRATION AND UTILIZATION

Relation Between Fault Zone Architecture, Earthquake Magnitude and Leakage Associated with CO2 Injection in
a Multilayered Sedimentary System............................................................................................................................................................. 590
Pierre Jeanne, Antonio Pio Rinaldi, Jonny Rutqvist, Frédéric Cappa, Yves Guglielmi
Development of Reconstituted Indian Coals to Investigate Coal Response to Carbon Dioxide Exposure........................................... 599
V. Vishal, P. G. Ranjith, T. N. Singh
In-Situ Stress Constraints from Borehole Data in the Context of CO2-Storage Site Characterization................................................ 603
Natalia V. Zakharova, David S. Goldberg, Daniel Collins
Coupled Semi-analytical Solution for CO2 Injection-induced Surface Uplift and Caprock Deflection ............................................... 612
Chao Li, Paul Bares, Lyesse Laloui
Experimental Study of Reactive Flow in an Eau Claire Fracture Exposed to CO2-rich Brine ............................................................. 623
H. Deng, J. P. Fitts, C. A. Peters, L. Li, D. Crandall, G. Bromhal

POSTERS - TRANSPORT AND COUPLED PROCESSES IN FRACTURES

Numerical Simulation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Leakages in Fractured Porous Reservoir ..................................................... 630
S. M. Ezzedine, F. J. Ryerson, W. W. McNab, L. G. Glascoe
Non-linear Fluid Flow Through Rough-walled Fractures: the Role of Shear Displacement on the Critical Reynolds
Number ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 637
M. Javadi, M. Sharifzadeh
Mesoscopic Evaluation of Non-linear Fluid Flow Through Rough-walled Fractures Using 'T Model' ............................................... 645
M. Javadi, M. Sharifzadeh

POSTERS - THERMAL, HYDROLOGICAL, MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES

UPON ROCK

Experimental Analysis of the Retention Behavior of Shales...................................................................................................................... 653

A. Ferrari, V. Favero, L. Laloui
Long-term Observation of Rock Permeability under High Pressure and Temperature Conditions and Its
Microstructural Interpretation ..................................................................................................................................................................... 658
H. Yasuhara, N. Kinoshita, M. Takahashi, S. Nakashima, K. Kishida
Characterization of Shale Rocks under Dynamic Geochemical Interaction with Brine-CO2 Fluid ..................................................... 664
A. O. Olabode, M. Radonjic

POSTERS - EXPERIMENTAL ROCK MECHANICS

Review of Dynamic Fracture Testing Methods and Fracture Behaviour of Rock Materials ................................................................ 670
Q. B. Zhang
Saturation of Porous Rock and Measurement of the B Coefficient.......................................................................................................... 679
R. Y. Makhnenko, J. F. Labuz
Petrophysical Characterization of Organic-Rich Shales: A New Standardized Protocol...................................................................... 685
Junhao Zhou, Chang Min Jung, Martin E. Chenevert, Mukul M. Sharma
Fluid-Dependent Weakening of Chalk......................................................................................................................................................... 692
K. Hedegaard
The Behavior of Carthage Marble and Terratek Sandstone During High Pressure, High Temperature
Compression Tests.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 702
P. Zhang, B. Mishra, K. A. Heasley
The Impact of Surface Charge on Capillary Pressure and Mechanical Behaviour of Chalk................................................................ 709
R. Ahsan, M. Megawati, A. Hiorth, M. V. Madland

POSTERS - WELLBORE STABILITY

Analysis of Wellbore Instability Caused by Weak Bedding-Plane Slippage for Arbitrary-Oriented Boreholes:
Theory and Case Study .................................................................................................................................................................................. 716
A. Moinfar, E. Tajer
Numerical 3D Stability Analysis of Wells Drilled Through Salt Zones.................................................................................................... 724
S. O. Orozco, S. A. B. Fontoura, N. Inoue
A Numerical Analysis of Wellbores in Shale with Viscoplastic Behavior ................................................................................................ 736
M. Heidari Moghadam
Self-Excited Axial Vibrations of a Drilling Assembly: Modeling and Experimental Investigation ...................................................... 744
Y. Kovalyshen
Wellbore Trajectory Planning for Complex Stress States ......................................................................................................................... 750
N. Himmelberg, A. Eckert
An Objective Method for Wellbore Stability Analysis............................................................................................................................... 760
M. Bai
 Volume 2

POSTERS - PORE PRESSURE AND STRESS

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Profilometer Scanning Microscopy to Estimate In Situ Stresses in a
Dolomite Core Specimen................................................................................................................................................................................ 774
S. B. Mahbaz, A. Goddard, M. B. Dusseault
Minimum Horizontal Stress Profile from Rock Strength for Montney Formation in North East British Columbia
Canada ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 783
L. Song, G. Hareland
Effect of Pore Pressure Changes on Formation Fracture Pressure in Non-hydrostatic Stress Field ................................................... 790
Mojtaba P. Shahri, Stefan Z. Miska, Mengjiao Yu, Mehmet E. Ozbayoglu

POSTERS - RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICS

Stress Analysis and Wellbore Stability in Unconventional Reservoirs .................................................................................................... 797

Mehdi Ostadhassan, Steve Benson, Siavash Zamiran, Bailey Bubach
Numerical Modeling of Tensile Thermal Stresses in Rock Around a Cased Well Caused by Injection of a Cold
Fluid ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 808
A. Lavrov, P. Cerasi
Geological and Geomechanical Characterization of In Situ Oil Sands Caprock in the Athabasca Oil Sands Area,
Alberta, Canada.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 816
K. M. Haug, P. Greene, C. L. Schneider, S. Mei
Evaluation of Numerical Simulation Procedures for Prediction of Solids Production in Oil Producing Wells .................................. 823
André Luís Müller, Eurípedes Do Amaral Vargas Jr., Clemente José Gonçalves
Temperature Dependence of Ultrasonic Velocities in Shales .................................................................................................................... 833
A. Bauer, R. M. Holt, A. Bakk, E. Fjær, J. Stenebråten

POSTERS - ROCK SLOPES III

Mechanisms of Falling Rock Formation at Steep Slope due to Temperature Perturbation.................................................................. 838
S. S. S. S. M. Keppetipolaa, Yoshiaki Fujiia, Nariaki Kodamab
Study on Stability of Slope Located at the Down-Road through Calculated Wetness Index of Valley Terrrain................................ 844
Honggyun Kim, Ho-Bon Koo, Young-Suk Oak, Sang-Hee Shin
Stability Analysis Through a Step-by-Step Infiltration Interpretation at Granitoid Soil Slope in Korea ........................................... 851
Ho-Bon Koo, Seung-Hyun Kim, Jong-Hyun Lee, Jung-Yup Lee, Jong-Oh Kim
Discussion of Risk Factors for Triggering of Rockslide Avalanche Dams in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan
and Mitigation Strategies............................................................................................................................................................................... 860
J. David Rogers, M. Farooq Ahmed

POSTERS - IN SITU STRESS

The Concept of Entropy of Information Linked to the Concept of Sensitivity Numbers, for Optimizing Overcoring
Tests ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 871
J. A. De Mello Franco, Luis Arnaldo Mejia Camones, Eurípides Do Amaral Vargas Jr.

POSTERS – GROUTING

Development of Grouting Management Support System and Its Application to Actual Dam Grouting ............................................. 884
Shinji Utsuki, Yoshitada Mito
Research on the Detection Method of Bored Pile Bottom Sediment Thickness ...................................................................................... 890
Zengqiang Han, Chuanying Wang, Sheng Hu, Qian Hu

POSTERS - ROCK TESTING

Parametric Study of Damage Controlled Test to Predict Brittle Failure of Rocks................................................................................. 896
D. S. Cheon, E. S. Park, Y. B. Jung, T. J. Lee

COUPLED PROCESS MODELS I

Computational Investigation of Trends in Initial Shut-in Pressure during Multi-stage Hydraulic Stimulation in the
Barnett Shale................................................................................................................................................................................................... 902
Mark W. McClure, Mark D. Zoback
Creep Behavior of Coal and Shale Related to Adsorption of Reservoir Fluids....................................................................................... 917
S. Hol, M. D. Zoback
Incorporating the Electrokinetic Effects into the Poroelastic Wellbore and Cylinder Problem for Applications in
Shale Drilling and Characterization............................................................................................................................................................. 923
M. H. Tran, Y. N. Abousleiman
A 3-Dimensional Fracture Propagation Model for Long-Term Water Injection ................................................................................... 938
J. Hwang, M. M. Sharma
The Influence of Thermal- Hydraulic- Mechanical- and Chemical Effects on the Evolution of Permeability,
Seismicity and Heat Production in Geothermal Reservoirs ...................................................................................................................... 951
Ghazal Izadi, Derek Elsworth
Applications of Partial Fluid-mechanical Coupling in the Reservoir Geomechanics Scope.................................................................. 961
S. A. B. Fontoura, N. Inoue, C. E. R. Lautenschläger, G. L. Righetto

GEOMECHANICAL CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH GEOTHERMAL DRILLING, STIMULATION AND

PRODUCTION I

Coulomb Stress Change During and After Tensile Fracture Opening in a Geothermal Reservoir ..................................................... 969
L. Urpi, G. Blöcher, G. Zimmermann, J.-D. Van Wees, P. Fokker
Experimentation with Hydraulic Impulse Stimulation in a Scaled Enhanced Geothermal Systems Reservoir.................................. 975
L. P. Frash, M. S. Gutierrez, J. C. Hampton
Seismic and Aseismic Motions Generated by Large Scale Fluid Injections in a Deep Granite Massif ................................................ 987
F. H. Cornet
Development of a Neutron Diffraction-Based Strain Measurement Capability for Triaxial Loading Conditions ............................. 995
Y. Polsky, L. Dessieux, K. An, L. Anovitz, P. Bingham, J. Carmichael
Modeling Shear Stimulation of the EGS Well Desert Peak 27-15 Using a Coupled Thermal-Hydrological-
Mechanical Simulator .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1006
D. Dempsey, S. Kelkar, K. Lewis, S. Hickman, N. Davatzes, D. Moos, E. Zemach
A Flow Model of the Deep Geothermal Reservoir of Soultz-sous-Forêts (France)............................................................................... 1020
S. Gentier, X. Rachez, M. Peter-Borie, M. Loubaud

GEOLOGIC REPOSITORY ISSUES FOR NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL

Benchmark Calculations of the Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Rock Salt – Results from a US-German Joint
Project............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1030
A. Hampel, J. G. Argüello, F. D. Hansen, R. M. Günther, K. Salzer, W. Minkley, K.-H. Lux, K. Herchen, U. Düsterloh, A.
Pudewills, S. Yildirim, K. Staudtmeister, R. Rokahr, D. Zapf, A. Gährken, C. Missal, J. Stahlmann
Revisiting the 1980’s WIPP Room D and B In-Situ Experiments: Performing Thermo-Mechanical Simulations of
Rock Salt Using a State-of-the-Art Code Suite ......................................................................................................................................... 1043
J. Guadalupe Argüello, Jonathan S. Rath
High-temperature Characterization of Bedded Permian Salt................................................................................................................. 1053
K. D. Mellegard, G. D. Callahan, F. D. Hansen
Underground Infrastructure Rooms in Squeezing Rock – Geotechnical Conditions in the Konrad Mine during the
Conversion to a Repository for Radioactive Waste .................................................................................................................................. 1062
C. Missal, J. Stahlmann, M. Roehnert, P. Hahn
Coupled THM Analysis of a Nuclear Waste Repository in Crystalline Rock ....................................................................................... 1069
M. Sánchez, A. Gens, L. Guimarães, L. Dontha
Significance of Rock THM Parameters in Geological Nuclear Waste Storage Simulation ................................................................. 1077
Fabrice Dupray, Chao Li, Lyesse Laloui

LABORATORY-SCALE ROCK MECHANICS

The Effect of Joint Frequency on a Discontinuous Rock Mass under Experimental Compressive Testing
Conditions...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1088
M. D. Sherpa, P. C. Hagan, H. Masoumi
Volumetric Behavior and Consolidation of Shales at High Confining Stresses .................................................................................... 1097
A. Ferrari, V. Favero, D. Manca, L. Laloui
Evolution of En-echelon Flaws to a Shear Rupture in Moulded Gypsum under Uniaxial Compression........................................... 1102
Yi Cheng, Louis Ngai Yuen Wong, Chunjiang Zou
The Effect of Anisotropy on Crack Damage Thresholds in Brittle Rocks ............................................................................................. 1110
E. Ghazvinian, M. Perras, M. Diederichs, D. Labrie
Stress Induced Electric Field Measurements of Different Rock Lithology Using the Electric Potential Sensor............................... 1120
A. Aydin, M. R. Dobbs, H. J. Reeves, M. P. Kirkham, C. C. Graham
Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Impure Salt Rock .................................................................................................. 1130
Wei Liu, Yinping Li, Chunhe Yang, Shuai Heng, Bingwu Wang

UNCONVENTIONALS I

Geomechanics Considerations for Hydraulic Fracture Productivity ..................................................................................................... 1140

R. Suarez-Rivera, J. Burghardt, E. Edelman, S. Stanchits, A. Surdi
Stress Shadow Evaluations For Chicontepec – Evaluating New Completion Options......................................................................... 1149
A. M. Rios, G. Gutiérrez, N. B. Nagel, F. Zhang, M. A. Sanchez-Nagel, B. Lee
Controls of Anisotropic In-situ Stress and Permeability in Optimization of Wells and Hydraulic Fractures for
Unconventional Reservoirs: Examples from the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin ....................................................................... 1161
A. Cui, R. Brezovski, K. Glover
Understanding Shale Failure from Laboratory Analysis to Field Operations ...................................................................................... 1175
L. A. Matzar, C. G. Gamwell
Failure Behavior of Anisotropic Shales...................................................................................................................................................... 1183
Mehdi Mokhtari, Adel A. Alqahtani, Azra N. Tutuncu
Nanoindentation Studies on Shales............................................................................................................................................................. 1194
Priyavrat Shukla, Vikas Kumar, Mark Curtis, Carl H. Sondergeld, Chandra S. Rai

GROUND CONTROL I

Identifying Root Causes for Subsidence over Abandoned Coal Mine – A Case Study ........................................................................ 1204
Y. Luo, B. Qiu
Stability Evaluation of Stopes and Pillars at MAX Mine and Development of a Surpac-FLAC3D Model-building
Technique ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1216
C. J. Schmid, H. W. Newcomen, M. Buchanan, A. G. Corkum
QA/QC and Learning Curve for Cemented Rock Fill at the Turquoise Ridge Joint Venture, Nevada............................................. 1222
A. R. Rai, L. A. Sandbak, R. Kallu
Cemented Paste Backfill at Stillwater Mine, Montana ............................................................................................................................ 1230
P. B. Hughes, R. Pakalnis, J. Deen, M. Ferster
Slope Monitoring of Large Scale Experiment of Undercut Slope at Mae Moh Mine, Thailand ......................................................... 1237
N. Mavong, A. Thepjun, C. Leelasukseree
Application of Close Range Photogrammetry to Monitor Displacements in Open Pit Mines............................................................. 1246
Saeedeh Rezaei, Mehrdad Razavi, Ali Rahnama

ROCK PHYSICS AND GEOPHYSICS

Mechanics, Physics, Chemistry and Shale Rock Properties .................................................................................................................... 1255

D. N. Dewhurst, A. Bunger, M. Josh, J. Sarout, C. Delle Piane, L. Esteban, M. B. Clennell
Low-frequency (<100 Hz) Dynamic Fracture Compliance Measurement in the Laboratory ............................................................. 1266
S. Nakagawa
Relationship between Shear and Normal Stiffness for a Fracture Subjected to Mixed-Mode Loading ............................................ 1274
M. K. Choi, L. J. Pyrak-Nolte, A. Bobet
The Anisotropy of Ultrasonic Waves Velocity and Attenuation of Migmatite Samples Under Uniaxial Loading............................ 1281
M. Petružálek, T. Lokajícek, T. Svitek
Elastodynamic Simulation of Tunnel Detection Experiments in Heterogeneous Geological Media................................................... 1291
C. S. Sherman, J. Rector, S. D. Glaser
Influence of SAGD Process on Seismic Velocities..................................................................................................................................... 1299
N. Guy, J.-F. Nauroy, A. Baroni

DISCRETE GEOMECHANICS I

Response Spectra of Slender Columns As Obtained with 2D-DDA and Geophysical Site Response Tests ....................................... 1306
G. Yagoda-Biran, Y. H. Hatzor
Stability Analysis of Masonry Structures in Angkor Thom, Cambodia using Elasto-plastic NMM-DDA with
Subloading Cam-clay Model ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1312
R. Hashimoto, T. Koyama, Y. Ohnishi, M. Kikumoto, S. Yamada, M. Araya, Y. Iwasaki
Explicit Three Dimensional Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for Blocky System......................................................................... 1320
Roozbeh Geraili Mikola, Nicholas Sitar
Numerical Stability on Rock Fall Problems by 3-D DDA ........................................................................................................................ 1328
T. Sasaki, I. Hagiwara, Y. Ohnishi, T. Koyama, S. Miki
Application of NMM-DDA to Earthquake Induced Slope Failure and Landslide ............................................................................... 1336
S. Miki, T. Sasaki, Y. Ohnishi, S. Nishiyama, T. Koyama
Energy-Work-Based Confined-Unconfined Seepage Modeling Using Numerical Manifold Method................................................. 1344
Yuan Wang, Mengsu Hu, Jonny Rutqvist

FRACTURE MECHANICS I

Injection-Sensitive Mechanics of Hydraulic Fracture Interaction with Discontinuities ...................................................................... 1356

D. Chuprakov, O. Melchaeva, R. Prioul
Breakdown Pressures Due to Infiltration and Exclusion in Finite Length Boreholes .......................................................................... 1374
Q. Gan, J. S. Alpern, C. Marone, P. Connolly, D. Elsworth
Understanding Geochemical Interaction of Proppant-Formation for Improved Conductivity of Hydraulic
Fractures........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1382
N. Raysoni, J. Weaver
Comparison of Brittleness Indices in Organic-rich Shale Formations................................................................................................... 1398
Yi Yang, Hiroki Sone, Amie Hows, M. D. Zoback
Distinct Element Analysis for Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale - Effect of Brittleness on the Fracture Propagation......................... 1405
Michiharu Hiyama, Hiroyuki Shimizu, Takatoshi Ito, Tetsuya Tamagawa, Kazuhiko Tezuka
Comparisons of Plane Propagation from Dilating Casing and Conventional Perforations when Stimulating the
Milk River Formation .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1413
G. Hocking, T. W. Cavender, T. Hunter, G. Li

GROUND CONTROL II

Case Studies of Rock Reinforcement Components and Systems Testing............................................................................................... 1420

A. G. Thompson, E. Villaescusa
Developments in Empirical Approaches to Mining in Frozen Rock Mass ............................................................................................ 1430
S. Ballantyne, M. Roworth, R. Pakalnis, C. Caceres, S. Mawson
Shotcrete Strength Testing at the Turquoise Ridge Joint Venture, Nevada.......................................................................................... 1439
L. A. Sandbak, A. R. Rai
Developing an Approach for Reliability Analysis of Bench Face Angle Design in Open Pits with Structurally
Controlled Sliding Failure ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1447
S. A. R. Keneti, C. Chaparro, C. Hunt

ROCK HETEROGENEITY AND SCALING

Field-scale Geomechanical Characterization of the Haynesville Shale .................................................................................................. 1454

A. E. Rodriguez-Herrera, R. Suarez-Rivera, D. Handwerger, S. Herring, K. Stevens, S. Marino, D. Paddock, L. Sonneland, M.
Haege
On the Limitations of Effective Medium Approaches for Estimating Fracture Width in Anisotropic Rocks .................................. 1465
M. Chertov
Textural and Compositional Heterogeneity of Tight Shales at the Micro-Scale ................................................................................... 1472
J. Schieber, S. Greene, R. Suarez-Rivera, M. Mastalerz
Reduction of Macroscale Calibration Experiments Through Constraints on Anisotropic Elastic Stiffnesses .................................. 1482
J. W. Colovos, P. M. Pinsky, R. B. Brannon
Microfracturing of Coal Related to Adsorption-Induced Swelling and Matrix-Scale Heterogeneity ................................................ 1490
S. Hol, C. J. Spiers
Enhancing Heat Extraction and Minimizing Water Losses by Deploying Silica Gel in Enhanced Geothermal
Systems........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1495
S. M. Ezzedine, W. Bourcier, J. Hunt, S. Roberts

DISCRETE GEOMECHANICS II

Basic Equations of Two Dimensional and Three Dimensional Contacts ............................................................................................... 1504
Gen-Hua Shi
Relationship Between Grain Size and Fracture Properties of Rock....................................................................................................... 1512
A. Tarokh, A. Fakhimi
Discontinuum-mechanical Behaviour of Salt Rocks and the Practical Relevance for the Integrity of Salinar
Barriers.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1522
W. Minkley, M. Knauth, D. Brückner
Numerical Simulation of Damage During Laboratory Testing on Rock Using a 3D-FEM/DEM Approach .................................... 1535
P. Hamdi, D. Stead, D. Elmo
Numerical Investigation of Crack Propagation and Failure Mechanism of Layered Rocks ............................................................... 1542
W. C. Liu, Y. M. Tien, C. H. Juang, J. S. Lin
Block Theory Application to Unlined Rock Spillway Erodibility Assessment ...................................................................................... 1552
M. F. George, N. Sitar

Volume 3

PORE PRESSURE AND STRESS

Iterative 3D Geomechanical Modeling to Determine Distribution and Impact of Stresses in Deepwater Gulf of
Mexico Subsalt and Near-salt Environments ............................................................................................................................................ 1560
Z. R. Nagy, D. W. Lee, C. M. Sayers, T. R. Zapata, J. L. Silvestro
Predicting the Paleo Evolution of Overpressured Geological Structures .............................................................................................. 1573
J. M. Rance, M. L. Profit, S. J. Dee, D. T. Roberts
An Alternative Interpretation of Leakoff and Lost Circulation Pressure Measurements ................................................................... 1584
A. W. Chan, M. Hauser, B. A. Couzens-Schultz, G. Gray
Wireline Stress Testing in Reservoir Sands - Some Geomechanical Considerations and a Case from the Norwegian
Continental Shelf .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1590
P. Bautmans, O. A. Helstrup, K. C. Constable, T. Pfeiffer
Revisiting Well Design and Formation Pressure Prediction: Case Study from Gulf of Mexico ......................................................... 1601
T. P. Mannon, S. Salehi
The Effect of Bedding Plane Orientation on Pore Pressure in Shale Formations: Laboratory Testing and
Mathematical Modeling ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1613
V. Dokhani, M. Yu, S. Z. Miska

COAL MINE ROCK MECHANICS

Geotechnical-Geophysical Void Mapping and Foamed-Sand Backfilling of the Rapson Coal Mine, Colorado
Springs, Colorado - Case Study .................................................................................................................................................................. 1622
K. Hanna, J. Pfeiffer, S. Hodges, A. L. Amundson, R. Palladino, T. Szynakiewicz
Practical Estimation of Rock Properties for Modeling Bedded Coal Mine Strata Using the Coal Mine Roof Rating ..................... 1634
G. S. Esterhuizen, T. S. Bajpayee, J. L. Ellenberger, M. M. Murphy
Applications of Subsurface Subsidence Theories to Ground Control in Coal Mines ........................................................................... 1648
B. Qiu, Y. Luo
Extraction Design for Multiple Seams Highwall Mining in India – A Case Example.......................................................................... 1656
J. L. Porathur, S. Karekal, P. P. Roy, C. P. Verma
Geotechnical Study of Coal Rib Failure at Ananta Coal Mine, Orissa, India....................................................................................... 1661
V. K. Singh
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting the Height of Destressed Zone Above the Mined Panel in
Longwall Coal Mining.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1665
A. Majdi, M. Rezaei

ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS

Ultrasonic Transmission and Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Injection-Induced Fracture Processes in Rock
Samples .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1673
K. Masuda, T. Satoh, O. Nishizawa
Analysis of Continuous Acoustic Emission Waveform Records from Rock Fracturing Experiments ............................................... 1679
S. D. Goodfellow, M. H. B. Nasseri, R. P. Young, J. W. Flynn, J. M. Reyes-Montes
Monitoring the Early Onset of Hydraulic Fracture Initiation by Acoustic Emission and Volumetric Deformation
Measurements ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1690
S. Stanchits, A. Surdi, P. Gathogo, E. Edelman, R. Suarez-Rivera
Acoustic Mapping and Microscopic Analysis of Laboratory Induced Hydraulic Fractures under Triaxial Stress
Conditions...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1699
A. Damani, A. Sharma, C. H. Sondergeld, C. S. Rai
Multi-modal Monitoring of Slip Along Frictional Discontinuities.......................................................................................................... 1711
A. Hedayat, L. J. Pyrak-Nolte, A. Bobet
Experimental Evidence of Micromechanical Processes That Control Localization of Shear Rupture Nucleation .......................... 1720
P. A. Selvadurai, S. D. Glaser

ROCK MASS CHARACTERIZATION AND GROUND IMPROVEMENT

Theoretical Approaches in Grouting Fractures of the Rock Mass: Theories and Applications ......................................................... 1731
Jalaleddin Yaghoobi Rafi, Masakuni Tsuji, Håkan Stille
In-line Ultrasound Based Rheology - A New Tool for the Measurement of Flow and Rheological Properties of
Cement Based Grout .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1738
Mashuqur Rahman, Ulf Håkansson
Hydraulic Characterization and Grouting of Twin Parallel Tunnels at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden.............................. 1747
I. Olofsson, M. Holmberg, H. Ittner, R. Christiansson
Quantification of the Geological Strength Index Chart ........................................................................................................................... 1757
E. Hoek, T. G. Carter, M. S. Diederichs
Some Interesting Mine Stabilization Projects in Australia...................................................................................................................... 1765
David L. Knott

POSTER2

POSTERS - GEOMECHANICAL CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH GEOTHERMAL DRILLING,

STIMULATION AND PRODUCTION

Investigation of Laboratory Hydraulic Fracture Source Mechanisms Using Acoustic Emission ....................................................... 1776
J. Hampton, L. Frash, M. Gutierrez
Role of the 3D Network of Faults on the Response to Hydraulic Stimulation of Deep Geothermal Wells ........................................ 1785
S. Gentier, X. Rachez, A. Blaisonneau, T. Guillon
Influence of High Temperature on the Mechanical Behaviour of Australian Strathbogie Granites with Different
Grain Sizes..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1795
S. S. Shao, P. G Ranjith, B. K. Chen
Numerical Study of Horizontal Proppant Flow and Transport in a Narrow Hydraulic Fracture ..................................................... 1803
I. Tomac, M. Gutierrez
Optimizing Drilling Parameters: A Preliminary Attempt - Drilling Crab Orchard Sandstone ......................................................... 1814
Wu Zhang, William J. Ayers, L. Jamie Brown

POSTERS - NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTATIONAL ROCK MECHANICS

Modeling Fracture of Quasibrittle Materials: A Comparative Study.................................................................................................... 1827

Yaneng Zhou, Jeen-Shang Lin
Loading Conditions in the Brazilian Test Simulation by DEM .............................................................................................................. 1833
S. Nakashima, K. Taguchi, A. Moritoshi, N. Shimizu, T. Funatsu

POSTERS - UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN GEOMECHANICS

Insights into the Relationship between Single Grain and API/ISO Crush Strength When Applied to Proppants
with or without Diagenesis........................................................................................................................................................................... 1839
N. Raysoni, M. Pinto, R. Kothamasu
A Log-derived Database for Geomechanical Properties of Geological Formations in Alberta, Canada ........................................... 1849
H. Soltanzadeh

POSTERS - ROCK PHYSICS AND GEOPHYSICS

Geophysical Logging of DUSEL Core and Geotechnical Applications .................................................................................................. 1858

W. M. Roggenthen, C. D. Koch
A Bayesian Approach to Identify Clay Minerals from Petrophysical Logs in Gonbadly Gas Field, Northeastern
Iran................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1866
A. Mollajan, M. A. Sarparandeh, F. Sahabi, G. H. Norouzi
Prediction of Reservoir Water Saturation Using Support Vector Regression in an Iranian Carbonate Reservoir ......................... 1872
A. Mollajan, H. Memarian, M. R. Jalali

POSTERS - ROCK HETEROGENEITY AND SCALING

A 3D Grain Based Model for Characterizing the Geometric Heterogeneity of Brittle Rock .............................................................. 1878
Hengxing Lan, C. D. Martin, Shengwen Qi, Tianbin Li

POSTERS – MINING

The Effect of Slope Curvature in Rock Mass Shear Strength Derivations for Stability Modeling of Foliated Rock
Masses ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1885
S. Narendranathan, R. D. H. Thomas
Influence of Bio-stabilisation on Dump Slopes – A Discrete Element Modeling Approach................................................................. 1893
S. P. Pradhan, V. Vishal, N. Singh, T. N. Singh
Numerical Simulation of Top-coal Caving in Steeply Dipping and Thick Coal Seam Mining............................................................ 1896
F. Cui, X. P. Lai, J. T. Cao
Analysis of Surrounding Rock Macro Stress Arch-Shell of Longwall Face in Steeply Dipping Seam Mining ................................. 1902
H. W. Wang, Y. P. Wu, P. S. Xie
Controlling Drift Profile in Mining Small Top Cut Panels – Turquoise Ridge Case Study ................................................................ 1908
A. R. Rai, D. Westhoff

POSTERS - COUPLED PROCESS MODELS III

A Numerical Investigation of Fracture Pattern and Fracture Aperture Development in Multi-layered Rock using a
Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method .............................................................................................................................................. 1914
L. Guo, J.-P. Latham, J. Xiang, Q. Lei
Analysis of Effect Factor in Shale Wellbore Stability .............................................................................................................................. 1922
Qian Wang, Zhaowei Chen, Pengpeng Ma, Yingjian Jiang
Predicting Productivity of Hydraulic Fracturing with Pre-Pad Acid .................................................................................................... 1929
Pingli Liu, Fei Liu, Liqiang Zhao, Zhifeng Luo, Nianyin Li, Ma Xu
3D Numerical Reconstruction of Poorly-connected Porous Sandstone.................................................................................................. 1937
Jiangtao Zheng, Yang Ju, Jinbo Wang, Yongming Yang, Xi Zhao, Feng Gao
Evolution of Coal Permeability under Unconstrained Swelling: Contribution of Matrix-Fracture Interaction .............................. 1945
Zhongwei Chen, Jishan Liu, Derek Elsworth, Shugang Wang, Yu Wu
Near-field and Far-field Thermo-mechanical Modelling of Conceptual Deep Geological Repositories for Used
Nuclear Fuel in Crystalline Rock................................................................................................................................................................ 1956
J. L. Carvalho, C. M. Steed, K. Birch, S. Russell

POSTERS - FRACTURE MECHANICS AND MODELING

Experimental Study of Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconsolidated Sands Using X-ray CT Method .................................................... 1974
Y. Omori, S. Jin, T. Ito, Y. Nagano, K. Sekine
Geomechanical Controls on Productivity of Low-Permeability Shallow Reservoirs of the Milk River Formation ......................... 1981
M. Nadeem, M. B. Dusseault
Correlation Between Microseismicity and Geomechanics Factors Affecting the Hydraulic Fracturing Performance
in Unconventional Reservoirs – A Field Case in Neuquén, Argentina ................................................................................................... 1990
J. G. Osorio, M. E. Muzzio
The Influence of Injection Rate on Hydraulic Fracturing of Tri-axially Deformed Westerly Granite.............................................. 2003
S. D. Goodfellow, M. H. B. Nasseri, R. P. Young
Hydraulic Fracturing Design Optimization – Bakken Case Study......................................................................................................... 2015
Hadi Jabbari, Steven A. Benson

POSTERS – UNCONVENTIONALS

Biot Tensor Approach for Improved Lifecycle Well Integrity................................................................................................................ 2034

Binh Bui, Azra N. Tutuncu
Numerical Evaluation of the Impact of Geomechanics on Well Performance in Shale Gas Reservoirs ............................................ 2047
W. Yu, K. Sepehrnoori
Effects of Depletion/Injection Induced Stress Changes on Natural Fracture Reactivation................................................................. 2056
M. Reza Safari, Trevor Oar, Queena Chou, Hamed Chok, Neil Blair, Mutlu Uno, Chris D. Hawkes
Development of a Heterogeneous Earth Model in Unconventional Reservoirs, for Early Assessment of Reservoir
Potential ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2076
R. Suarez-Rivera, D. Handwerger, A. Rodriguez Herrera, S. Herring, K. Stevens, D. Geir Vaaland, H. Borgos, S. Marino, D.
Paddock
On the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Application in Barnett Shale Hydraulic Fracturing ....................................................... 2087
S. Mehran Hosseini

POSTERS - CONSTITUTIVE MODELS

Modeling the Anisotropic Damaged Zone Around Hydraulic Fractures: Thermodynamic Framework and
Simulation of Mechanical Tests .................................................................................................................................................................. 2095
H. Xu, C. Arson, S. Busetti

POSTERS - ROCK MASS

Modifications of the Erodibility Index Method for the Evaluation of the Soft Bedrock Erosion ....................................................... 2105
M. W. Huang, J. J. Liao, Y. W. Pan, M. H. Cheng
Simulating Brittle Failure of Rocks by a New Strain-softening Model .................................................................................................. 2112
J. Peng, G. Rong, C. B. Zhou, G. Rong, M. Cai, W. Du

POSTERS - TUNNELS/CAVERNS

Thermal Stratification in Rock Caverns with Different Aspect Ratios During the Standby Mode of Operation............................. 2118
D. Park, D. W. Ryu, B. H. Choi, K. C. Han
Dynamic Characteristics Research on Anchor Tunnel Surrounding Rock........................................................................................... 2124
Gancheng Xu, Houyu Wang, Chengxue Li, Daqing Kong, Jinyong Yang
Fiber Reinforced Concrete Performance Parameters using ASTM-C-1550 and EN-14488-5 for Rock Support in
Tunnels, Mexico ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2131
Amanda Garduno Gallo, Carlos Padilla Mejía
The Influence of Fault Thickness on Tunnel Stability ............................................................................................................................. 2138
Z. Q. Zhang, N. Li, F. F. Chen, G. Swoboda
Numerical Study on Nature Frequency Identification of Tunnel Lining Based on Microtremor Method ........................................ 2146
Y. Gao, Y. Jiang, B. Li, L. Yang
Assessment of the Stress Path and Stress Conditions Around a Borehole: Implications for in Situ Stress Estimation
Using Borehole Breakouts ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2152
S. Gaines, M. S. Diederichs
Upheaval of Rock Mass during Tunnel Construction .............................................................................................................................. 2161
Singh Rajbal
Analytical Evaluation of Reinforcement Effect of PCM Shotcrete Method Using FRP Grid for Tunnel
Maintenance .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2168
Yukihiro Higashi, Yujing Jiang, Bo Li
Laboratory Tests on Total Load-bearing Capacity of Tunnel’s Damaged Permanent Lining Reinforced with
Additional Lining.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2175
A. Kusaka, N. Isago, H. Mashimo
Load-bearing Behaviour of Sealed Caverns in Rock Salt used for Disposal of Hazardous Waste ..................................................... 2180
R. Wolters, K.-H. Lux, U. Düsterloh, M. Rutenberg
Rock Engineering Challenges for Extending the Forsmark SFR, Sweden ............................................................................................ 2188
Rolf Christiansson, Björn Linde, Anders Carlsson, C. Derek Martin
Discussions on the Longitudinal Displacement Profile of Tunnels in Strain-softening Rockmass ..................................................... 2197
S. L. Wang, M. W. Guo, H. Zheng, Q. S. Liu, X. R. Ge
An Experimental Study on the Supporting Effect of Back-filling on Abandoned Room and Pillar Mines, Quarries
and Karstic Caves, and Its In-situ Verification......................................................................................................................................... 2203
Ö. Aydan, N. Tokashiki, H. Tano

POSTERS - LABORATORY-SCALE ROCK MECHANICS

The Tangent Modulus in Rock Under Uniaxial Compression Test ........................................................................................................ 2213
A. Hsieh, A. V. Dyskin, P. Dight
Progress in Interactions among Underground Research Laboratories ................................................................................................. 2218
J. S. Y. Wang, Y. Guglielmi, J. A. Hudson, X.-T. Feng
Error Analysis of Sampling Spacing on Roughness of Rock Joint Based on Three Dimensional Laser Scanning
Testing............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2226
Yunfeng Ge, Huiming Tang, Liangqing Wang, Chengren Xiong
Effect of L/D Ratio on Dynamic Response of Aluminum 7076 and the Natural Motoqua Quartzite Sandstone in
Saint George, UT using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) ............................................................................................................. 2238
Hossein Changani, Aaron Young, Eunhye Kim

EXPERIMENTAL ROCK MECHANICS II – SAND

Effect of Initial Grain Size and Packing on the Evolution of Elastic Properties of Poorly Lithified Sandstone ............................... 2245
A. Torabi, E. Skurtveit
Static and Dynamic Moduli – So Equal, and Yet So Different................................................................................................................ 2252
R. M. Holt, E. Fjær, A. Bauer
Design and Interpretation of Laboratory Experiments to Determine Pore Volume Compressibility of Sandstone......................... 2260
M. H. H. Hettema, A. M. Raaen, M. Naumann
Oedometer Tests for Evaluation of K0 During Chemical Dissolution ................................................................................................... 2269
C. M. M. S. Lins, A. Lima, L. J. N. Guimarães
Failure Characteristics of a Quartz-rich, High-porosity Sandstone Subjected to True Triaxial Testing .......................................... 2275
X. Ma, B. Haimson
Effect of Rock Pore Pressure on Mechanical Specific Energy of Rock Cutting Using Single PDC Cutter ....................................... 2281
B. Akbari, S. Miska, Y. Mengjiao, E. Ozbayoglu

COUPLED PROCESS MODELS II

Inclusion of Geomechanics in Streamline Simulation for Hydromechanical Modeling of Underground CO2 Storage ................... 2287
Koohmareh Hosseini, R. J. Chalaturnyk, M. Darcis
Numerical Modeling of Pore Fluid Pressure Diffusion Through Hollow Cylindrical Rock Sample .................................................. 2302
Yanhui Han, Gang Li
Laboratory to Field: Critical Scaling of Single Fractures ....................................................................................................................... 2308
C. L. Petrovitch, L. J. Pyrak-Nolte, D. D. Nolte
A Note on Fluid Driven Natural Fractures................................................................................................................................................ 2316
A. M. Raaen
A Three-Dimensional Compositional Model for Hydraulic Fracturing with Energized Fluids.......................................................... 2320
L. H. Ribeiro, M. M. Sharma
Stress Effects on Flow Partitioning in Fractured Reservoirs: Equivalent Porous Media Versus Poro-elasticity
Coupled Modeling ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 2329
R. Sanaee, G. F. Oluyemi, M. Hossain, M. B. Oyeneyin

Volume 4

GEOMECHANICAL CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH GEOTHERMAL DRILLING, STIMULATION AND

PRODUCTION II

Modeling and Monitoring of Deep Injection at the Northwest Geysers EGS Demonstration, California ......................................... 2338
J. Rutqvist, P. F. Dobson, P. Jeanne, C. M. Oldenburg, D. W. Vasco, J. Garcia, C. Hartline, M. Walters
Improving Geothermal Project Economics with Multi-zone Stimulation: Results from the Newberry Volcano EGS
Demonstration............................................................................................................................................................................................... 2348
Trenton T. Cladouhos, Susan Petty, Yini Nordin, Michael Moore, Kyla Grasso, Matt Uddenberg, Michael W. Swyer
Hard Rock Drilling Performance Improvement As Result of Systematic Approach for Drill Bit and BHA Selection.................... 2358
Gaute Grindhaug, Knut Sigve Selnes
Numerical Study of the Interaction Between Injection and the Discrete Fracture Network in Enhanced
Geothermal Reservoirs ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2366
A. Riahi, B. Damjanac
Relationships Between Slow Slip, Seismicity and Fluids Leakage During a Pressurized Fault Zone Rupture in Situ
Experiment: Importance for Reservoir/caprock Stimulation Monitoring and Efficiency Assessment.............................................. 2379
Y. Guglielmi, P. Henry, F. Cappa, B. Derode
Drilling Performance and Productivity of Geothermal Wells - Case History from Hengill Geothermal Area in
Iceland............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2385
B. M. Sveinbjornsson, S. Thorhallsson

TUNNELS AND CAVERNS I

Oscillating Disc Cutting Technique for Hard Rock Excavation ............................................................................................................. 2395
S. Karekal
Investigation, Design and Construction in Karst...................................................................................................................................... 2403
D. Marcic, M. S. Kovacevic
Design and Analysis of Mine Adit-Plugs within a Tailings Storage Basin ............................................................................................. 2413
J. P. Friedman, S. Mohanty, J. H. Rahe
Simulation of Thermo-mechanical Behaviour of Rock Salt in the Vicinity of a Disposal Drift and the Interaction
with Technical Barriers ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2424
A. Pudewills
Core Disking Observations and In-situ Stress Magnitudes ..................................................................................................................... 2430
S. S. Lim, C. D. Martin, R. Christiansson
A Study of the Influence of Tunnel Shape on Rockburst Proneness Using Numerical Modeling....................................................... 2436
A. Kusaka, R. Garvey, U. Ozbay

FRACTURE MECHANICS II

The Influence of Fracture Network Connectivity on Hydraulic Fracture Effectiveness and Microseismicity
Generation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2443
F. Zhang, N. Nagel, B. Lee, M. Sanchez-Nagel
Impact of Fracture Height on Mixed Mode Fracture Propagation: Insights from 3D Displacement Discontinuity
Modeling ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2456
F. Sheibani, J. E. Olson
A Finite Difference Approach To Modeling Geomechanics In Hydraulic Fracturing ......................................................................... 2475
V. V. Petunin
Experimental Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing in Vertical and Horizontal Perforated Boreholes .......................................... 2484
S. H. Fallahzadeh, V. Rasouli, M. Sarmadivaleh
Fracture Initiation and Propagation in Reservoir Rocks Under High Injection Pressure .................................................................. 2494
A. M. Stroisz, E. Fjær, S. Pradhan, J. Stenebråten, H. K. Lund, E. F. Sønstebø
Revisiting Vertical Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Through Layered Formations – A Numerical Evaluation ............................ 2501
X. Garcia, N. Nagel, F. Zhang, M. Sanchez-Nagel, B. Lee

PRODUCTION IN WEAK ROCK, EVAPORITES AND CAVING

Geotechnical Pit Slope Design for Brewery Creek Property, Yukon ..................................................................................................... 2512
Khalid Zaka, Carlos Chaparro
Stability Analyses of Replacing Barrier Pillars Between Stopes with Backfill in Gilsonite Mines of Utah ....................................... 2520
H. Maleki, S. Perkes, R. Heath
The 2-D and 3-D Imaging of Core for Fracture Mapping ....................................................................................................................... 2530
L. Olson, C. Samson, S. D. McKinnon
Rock Mass Characterization and Conceptual Modeling of the Printzsköld Orebody of the Malmberget Mine .............................. 2538
S. B. Umar, J. Sjöberg, E. Nordlund
Volumetric Fracture Intensity Measurement for Improved Rock Mass Characterisation and Fragmentation
Assessment in Block Caving Operations.................................................................................................................................................... 2552
S. Rogers, D. Elmo, G. Webb, A. Catalan
Drilling Response of Impregnated Diamond Bits: An Experimental Investigation.............................................................................. 2563
M. Mostofi, L. F. P. Franca, T. Richard

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTATIONAL ROCK MECHANICS

Validation of Lattice Approach for Rock Stability Problems ................................................................................................................. 2569

B. Damjanac, P. A. Cundall, Varun
Oil Reservoir's Geometry Reconstruction and Mesh Generation by Using NURBS Surfaces............................................................ 2577
Horacio A. Florez, Jorge Florez-Guzman, Raul Manzanilla-Morillo
Advances in Numerical Modeling of Microseismicity .............................................................................................................................. 2590
J. H. Hazzard, W. S. Pettitt
Continuous Monitoring of Synthetic Seismicity: Slip on Joints.............................................................................................................. 2598
T. Katsaga, M. E. Pierce
A Comparison Between 2D and 3D Bonded-particle Models for Rocks ................................................................................................ 2605
N. Bahrani, M. Purvance, S. Emam

DAMS AND FOUNDATIONS

Emergency Sinkhole Mitigation and Void Investigation of Abandoned Railroad Tunnel along U.S. 24, Tennessee
Pass, Colorado - Case Study........................................................................................................................................................................ 2615
K. Hanna, S. Hodges, J. Nolte, J. Elsen, R. Goodrich, M. Figgs, D. Thomas, T. Szynakiewicz, M. Vessley
Reliability Based Design of Shallow Foundations on Jointed Rock Masses using RQD and the Uniaxial
Compressive Strength of Intact Rock ........................................................................................................................................................ 2625
A. A. Abu El-Ela, J. J. Bowders, J. E. Loehr
New Park Bridge, Kicking Horse Canyon; Pier 5 – A Difficult Foundation on Rock .......................................................................... 2638
P. Schlotfeldt, B. Panton, R. Humphries, D. Elmo
Susceptibility Analysis of Earthquake Induced Landslide-dam Based on GIS..................................................................................... 2646
Yanan Fan, Guangqi Chen, Kiyonobu Kasama, Yange Li
Flow and Transport of Fines in Dams and Embankments ...................................................................................................................... 2654
S. M. Ezzedine, L. G. Glascoe, Y. Kanarska, I. N. Lomov, T. H. Antoun

RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICS II

A New Modeling Approach to Natural Fracturing Process .................................................................................................................... 2663

C. Chukwudozie, B. Bourdin, K. Yoshioka, T. Buchmann, P. Connolly
Quantifying Reservoir Compaction in an Unconsolidated Pliocene Reservoir Using Time-Lapse Seismic,
Continuous Downhole Pressure Monitoring, and 3D Finite Element Modeling ................................................................................... 2673
D. W. Lee, J. Adachi, J. Waggoner, J. Holicek, B. Flack, M. Fauquier, J. Holland
Predictive Modeling of the Evolution of Fault Structure: 3-D Modeling and Coupled Geomechanical/Flow
Simulation...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2682
D. A. Thornton, A. J. L Crook
Geomechanical, Hydraulic and Seismic Properties of Unconsolidated Sediments and Their Application to Shallow
Reservoirs ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2699
L Grande, N. H. Mondol
Field-scale Geomechanical Modeling of an Intensely Faulted Gas Reservoir....................................................................................... 2709
K. Fischer, A. Henk
Analytical Model of Fault Reactivation for Future Water Injection in a Deepwater Turbidites Oil Field, Offshore
Brazil.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2717
M. A. Galarraga

TUNNELS AND CAVERNS II

A Comparison of Visous Material Model Mechanics and Boundary Conditions ................................................................................. 2730
C. Paraskevopoulou, M. S. Diederichs
Effectiveness of Advancing Horizontal Boring for the Tunneling in the Complex Geological Formation ........................................ 2740
K. Kamemura, K. Okazaki, Y. Ito
Pre-injection Versus Post-injection Grouting – A Review of a Case from the Himalaya .................................................................... 2747
K. K. Panthi
Modification of the Supported Longitudinal Displacement Profile for Tunnel Face Convergence in Weak Rock .......................... 2754
J. Oke, N. Vlachopoulos, M. S. Diederichs
Ultra-Long Term Geomechanics Design For a Deep Geological Repository in Sedimentary Rock ................................................... 2762
M. Diederichs, B. Damjanac, M. Jense, T. Lam, C. Derek Martin, Dougal McCreath
Tunnel Stress Analyses in 3-D Using Equivalent Continuum and Discontinuum Procedures ............................................................ 2774
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake, Q. Wu

HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING: THE CHALLENGE OF HARNESSING HPC FOR ROCK MECHANICS

Multi-scale Fracture Creation and Network Generation During Hydraulic Fracturing..................................................................... 2782
S. Johnson, C. Arson, R. Settgast
A Mortar Method Based on NURBS for Curved 3-D Interfaces ............................................................................................................ 2794
Horacio A. Florez
Block Caving Induced Instability Analysis using FDEM......................................................................................................................... 2803
Z. Lei, E. Rougier, E. E. Knight, A. Munjiza
Efficient Solution of Large-Scale Displacement Discontinuity Problems using the Fast Multipole Method ..................................... 2811
A. Verde, A. Ghassemi
Analyzing the Effect of Large Pressure Changes on the Operational Stability of Large-Diameter Caverns for the
Strategic Petroleum Reserve ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2822
S. R. Sobolik
CFD-DEM Simulation for Grout Injection Test Using Parallel Plate Fracture ................................................................................... 2832
T. Koyama, S. Sakakibara, H. Shimizu

FRACTURE STATISTICS AND ROCK MASS MEASURES

Impacts of Limited Data Collection Windows on Accurate Rockmass Simulation Using Discrete Fracture
Networks........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2839
C. K. Palleske, D. J. Hutchinson, D. Elmo, M. S. Diederichs
Semi-analytical Procedure for Considering Roughness Effect on Hydraulic Properties of Standard JRC Profiles ........................ 2848
Mahdi Zoorabadi, Serkan Saydam, Wendy Timms, Bruce Hebblewhite
Spatial Modeling of Discontinuity Intensity – Challenges and Considerations..................................................................................... 2854
P. M. Cepuritis, E. Villaescusa
Estimation of Hoek-Brown Parameter Mi Using Brazilian Tensile Test ............................................................................................... 2863
L. R. Richards, S. A. L. Read
Spatial Distribution of Young's Modulus, Poisson's Ratio and EDZ Around TBM and D&B Tunnels in Hard
Crystalline Rock ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 2877
T. Siren
The Importance of Specifying Rockmass Failure Mechanisms in Geotechnical Baseline Reports..................................................... 2885
M. C. Van Der Pouw Kraan, D. J. Hutchinson, M. S. Diederichs

UNCONVENTIONALS II

An Initial Assessment of the Impact of Varying Perf Cluster Design on Hydraulic Fracture Effectiveness ..................................... 2895
D. Elmo, S. Rogers, R. Dunphy, D. Bearinger
Simulating Geomechanical Evolution of Fractured Shale Reservoir Using a Poro-viscoelastic Constitutive Model ....................... 2905
Jian Huang, Ahmad Ghassemi
Characterization of Anisotropic Dynamic Mechanical Rock Properties in Shale Gas Plays .............................................................. 2916
A. M. Hows, R. Hofmann, E. F. Gonzalez
Analysis of Intra-reservoir Stress Variations in Shale Gas Reservoirs Based on the Variation of Viscoelastic
Properties. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2930
H. Sone, M. D. Zoback
Permeability Model of Shale Gas Rock with Variable Solid Mass ......................................................................................................... 2936
M. B. Geilikman, J. M. Karanikas, Sau-Wai Wong
Microseismicity and Surface Deformation of a Heavy Oil Reservoir Undergoing Cyclic Steam Stimulation .................................. 2945
R. J. Walters, M. D. Zoback

EXPERIMENTAL ROCK MECHANICS III – NOVEL ROCKS AND TESTING METHODS

Discontinuum Modelling of Vuggy Carbonate Specimens: Impact of Vugs on Strength and Stiffness ............................................. 2951
A. I. Ornés, N. L. Deisman, R. J. Chalaturnyk
Impact of Acidizing-induced Wormholes in Chalk on Rock Strength ................................................................................................... 2959
A. Bauer, L. E. Walle, J. Stenebråten, E. Papamichos
Mechanical Evolution of an Altered Limestone Using 2D and 3D Digital Image Correlation ............................................................ 2965
L. Zinsmeister, J. Dautriat, A. Dimanov, J. Raphanel, M. Bornert
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Experiment Simulation using MUNROU.............................................................................................. 2980
E. E. Knight, E. Rougier, A. J. Sussman, S. T. Broome, A. Munjiza
A Modified Failure Criterion with Scale Effect Parameter..................................................................................................................... 2986
H. Masoumi, P. Hagan, S. Saydam
Continuous Core Thermal Properties Measurements and Analysis ...................................................................................................... 2991
Y. Popov, A. Parshin, E. Chekhonin, E. Popov, D. Miklashevskiy, R. Suarez-Rivera, S. Green

UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN GEOMECHANICS

Parameter Estimation for the Coupled Biot-Lamé-Navier Problem in Subsurface Modeling............................................................ 3000
Thomas Wick, Ahmed H. Elsheikh, Mary F. Wheeler
Evaluating Uncertainty in Intact and Rockmass Parameters for the Purposes of Reliability Assessment........................................ 3007
J. Connor Langford, Mark S. Diederichs
Seepage Characterization in High Rock Slopes Using Remote Sensing................................................................................................. 3016
J. Vivas, Z. Tuckey, D. Stead, A. Wolter, D. Elmo, S. D'Ambra
A Comparison of Bayesian Techniques and Non-probabilistic Models in Rock Engineering Design ................................................ 3035
A. Bedi, J. P. Harrison
Bayesian Analysis of Earthquake Seismology Models Under Uncertainty............................................................................................ 3045
H. Cruz-Jimenez, P. M. Mai, E. E. Prudencio
Uncertainty Quantification of THMC Processes in a Stimulated Fracture Network........................................................................... 3055
S. M. Ezzedine, F. J. Ryerson

ROCK MASS STRENGTH AND DEFORMABILITY

Strength of Intact Rock Containing Flaws ................................................................................................................................................ 3067

Yun Lu, C. Derek Martin, Hengxing Lan
Accounting for Rockmass Structure in Underground and Open Pit Mine Design............................................................................... 3075
J. J. Day, F. I. Duran, M. S. Diederichs, D. J. Hutchinson
Viscoplastic Behavior of Fine-grained Geological Units and Its Applicability to Compressed Gas Caverns.................................... 3085
J. R. Nopola, L. A. Roberts
Damage Plasticity Model for Rock Mass ................................................................................................................................................... 3091
D. Unteregger, G. Hofstetter
Visual Enhancement of 3D Images of Rock Faces for Rock Mass Characterization ........................................................................... 3097
P. Lai, C. Samson, P. Bose
Discontinuity Mapping Using Ground-based LiDAR: Case Study from an Open Pit Mine ............................................................... 3109
H. W. Tiruneh, L. D. Stetler, Z. A. Oberling, D. R. Morrison, J. L. Connolly, T. M. Ryan
Author Index