ABSTRACT

The brain tumor segmentation on MRI images is a very difficult and important task
which is used in surgical and medical planning and assessments. If experts do the
segmentation manually with their own medical knowledge, it will be time-consuming.
Therefore, researchers propose methods and systems which can do the segmentation
automatically and without any interference. For this, an unsupervised automatic method for
brain tumor segmentation on MRI images is presented. In this method, at first in the
preprocessing level, the extra parts which are outside the skull and don't have any helpful
information are removed and then anisotropic diffusion filter with 8-connected neighborhood
is applied to the MRI images to remove noise. By applying the fast bounding box (FBB)
algorithm, the tumor area is displayed on the MRI image with a bounding box and the central
part is selected as sample points for training of a One Class SVM classifier. A database is
also provided by the Zanjan MRI Center. The MRI images are related to 10 patients who
have brain tumor. 100 T2-weighted MRI images are used for this method. Experimental
results show the high precision and dependability of the proposed algorithm. The results are
also highly helpful for specialists and radiologists to easily estimate the size and position of a
tumor. And condition of the patient such as heart rate, body temperature will be sent to the
desired person using GSM module. The entire process is implemented using Matlab software.
 CONTENTS
Chapters Page No
Abstract i
Acknowledgment ii
List of figures iii
List of tables iv

1. PREAMBLE 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Scope of study 2
1.3 Methodology 2
1.4 Limitations 4

2. SYSTEM DESIGN 5

3. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 7
3.1 RL78 Renesas Microcontroller 7
3.2 Heart Rate sensor 8
3.3 Temperature sensor (LM35) 9
3.4 Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) 10
3.5 LED (light-emitting diode) 13
3.6 Alpha-numeric LCD display 13
3.7 Global system for mobile communication 15
3.8 Overall Schematic Diagram 17

4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 20
4.1 Operating system 20
4.2 Toolbox 20
4.3 Cubesuite+ IDE 20
4.4 Renesas Flash Programmer 20
4.5 Software Tool 20
4.6 Details of Software Tool 21
4.7 Flow chart for Tumor detection 27
4.8 Flow chart of FBB Algorithm 29
5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 31

6 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 40

6.1 Advantages 40
6.2 Disadvantages 40

7 APPLICATIONS 41

8 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 42

8.1 Conclusion 42
8.2 Future scope 42

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDIX
 List of Figures
Name of Figure Page No
Figure 1.1: Flow diagram of proposed FBB algorithm 3
Figure 1.2: Brain Tumor Segmentation using FBB and one class SVM 4
Figure 2.1: Block Diagram for Patient health care monitoring system 5
Figure 3.1: Pin diagram for heart rate sensor 8
Figure 3.2: Circuit diagram for heart rate sensor 8
Figure 3.3: Pin diagram for temperature sensor 9
Figure 3.4: Circuit Diagram for temperature sensor 10
Figure 3.5: Circuit diagram of LDR sensor 11
Figure 3.6: Circuit diagram of LDR when light shines on it 12
Figure 3.7: Circuit diagram of LDR when light is low 12
Figure 3.8: Layers of LCD Display 14
Figure 3.9: Circuit for LCD 15
Figure 3.10: GSM Schematic 16
Figure 3.11: Overall Schematic diagram 17
Figure 4.1: The graphical interface to the MATLAB workspace 22
Figure 4.2: Flow chart for tumor detection 27
Figure 4.3: Flow chart for FBB algorithm 29
Figure 5.1: External hardware connection 31
Figure 5.2: When tumor is present 33
Figure 5.3: When tumor is not present 34
Figure 5.4: When Renases Microcontroller receives the command 35
Figure 5.5: When tumor is detected 35
Figure 5.6: The alert of sending message is displayed on LCD 35
Figure 5.7: When tumor is not detected 36
Figure 5.8: Status of the room light is displayed on the LCD 36
Figure 5.9:Alert of sending message of high temperature is displayed on LCD 37
Figure 5.10: Scanning of Heart rate 37
Figure 5.11: Normal heart rate 38
Figure 5.12: If high heart rate is found It is displayed on the LCD 38
Figure 5.13: Screen capture of the mobile having the messages
Sent by the GSM 39
 List of Tables
Name of the table Page No
Table 4.1: Data types in Matlab 24

Table 4.2: Converting images in Matlab 25

Table 5.1: Test results profile 31

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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