MCC of hepatic metastasis - Bronchogenic carcinoma
MCC of hepatic mets from GIT – Colonic ca MCC of Intrauterine Growth retardation-C/c pyelonephritis? MCC of HTN in children-A/c Glomerulonephritis MC complication of CSOM-MASTOIDITIS Most common extacranial complication of CSOM—Mastoiditis. .Most common intracranial complication of CSOM—Meningitis MC ovarian tumour in pregnancy- Teratoma/Dermoid cyst MC joint involved in Osteo Arthritis- Knee joint MCC of interstitial/atypical pneumonia- Mycoplasma MC Glycogen storage disease- Gaucher’s disease MC porphyria-Porphyria cutanea tarda. MC cause of childhood nephritic syndrom-Minimalchange disease MC cause of adult nephritic syndrome- FSGS MC cancer-Lung cancer MC cancer in females-Breast cancer MC cause of maternal deaths-Obstetric hemorrhage(PPH) MC cause of Blindness in India- Cataract MC site of Gastrinoma- Duodenum. MC Paraneoplastic Syndrome- Hypercalcemia MC paraneoplastic endocrinopathy- Cushings syndrome Mc presentation of meckel’s diverticulum—–bleeding Mc s/e of radiation on heart ——pericardial effusion M.c. Cause of cushing’s disease- pituitary microadenoma Mcc of primary hyperaldosteronism- b/ l cortical hyperplasia Mc aldosterone producing adrenal tumour- u/l adrenal adenoma Mcc of post trauma vegetative state- diffuse axonal injury Mc asso anomaly with coarctation of aorta- bicuspid aortic valve Mcc of vasculitis in child- henoch- schonlein purpura Mc feature of aortitis on x-ray- calcified ascending aorta MC intra-abdominalmalignancy in children – Neuroblastoma 2nd MC intra-abdominalmalignancy in children – Wilm’s tumor MC hepatic malignancy in children – Hepatoblastoma MC soft tissue sarcoma – Rhabdomyosarcoma MC site for rhabdomyosarcoma – Head and neck MC Pediatric malignancy – ALL 2nd MC Pediatric malignancy – Brain tumor MC brain tumor in children – Astrocytoma MC brain tumor in infancy – Supratentoria MC brain tumor between 1-10 yrs of age – Infratentorial MC brain tumor after 10 yrs of age – Supratentorial MC embryonal brain tumor – Medulloblastoma MC renal mass in neonates – Multicystic renal dysplasia MC malignant tumor of kidney – Wilm’s tumor MC TUMOURS IN PARTS OF MEDIASTINUM anterior- thymomas mid- cyst posterior- neurogenic tumour Mc tumour of mediastinum- neurogenic tumour most malignant masses of mediastinum- lymphomas MC cause of renal artery stenosis Old age- atherosclerosis Young(india)- Takayasu arteritis Young( western world)- fibro muscular dysplasia MC of eye in AIDS 1.Lesion- microvasculopathy of conjunctiva and retina 2. Infection- chorioretinitis 3. Neoplasm- kaposi sarcoma 4. Cause of chorioretinitis- CMV 5. Finding in HIV retinopathy- cotton wool spots 6. Rx of CMV retinitis- ganciclovir,foscarnet MOST COMMON site in GIT Small bowel carcinoid-ILEUM Ulcerative colitis,hirsprung disease- RECTUM Polyps in peutz jegher syndrome,pneumatosis cystoids intestinale–JEJUNUM Amoebic colitis,volvulus-SIGMOID COLON Bleeding from angiodysplasia-RIGHT COLON Brenner’s gland-1ST PART OF DUODENUM MC cause of maternal death- obst haemorrhage MC of isoniazid resistance- kat G gene mutation MC primary lymphoma of spleen- NHL MC cause of seizure in newborn-HIE MC type of seizure in newborn-subtle MC tumours in newborn- sacrococcygeal teratoma Mc site of colonic volvulus- sigmoid Top of Form Most common testicular tumour prepuberty–yolksac tumour overall–seminoma in age above 50– lymphoma MCC of hereditary thrombophilia- factor V leiden mutation MC hereditary cause of venous thrombosis-factor V leiden mutation MC hereditary blood coagulation disorder-factorV leiden mutation Mc pancreatic tumour in men1- gastrinoma MC complication of IUCD- Bleeding Mc sites of primary for bone metastasis- male-prostate>lung Female-breast>lung children- neuroblastoma mc osteolytic mets- male-lung ca female-breast ca mc osteoblastic mets- male-prostate female-breast ca Mc glomerulopathy worldwide-iga nephropathy Mc cardiac tumours are secondaries Mc primary neplasm of the heart - myxoma Mc in infants and children- rhabdomyomas MC site of sub ependymal astrocytoma-foramen of munroe MC corneal dystrophy-keratoconus MC anterior corneal dystrophy-Anterior basement membrane dystrophy (ABMD) MC of stromal dystrophies-Lattice dystrophy is usually an autosomal dominant condition MC endothelial corneal dystrophy- Fuchs Macular dystrophy of the cornea is the least common, but most severe MC phakomatosis-neurofibromatosis (NF1) MC involved in vestibular schwannoma- inf. VES. > sup VEST. > COCHLEAR DIV. MC site of TB lung-Apices Mc injury encounter in spine injuries- flexion of spine MCC of viral meningitis-enterovirus
MCC of sporadic viral encephalitis- HSV1/ epidemic- Arbovirus
1) Auspitz sign- Psoriasis 2) Beau's lines (Palpable horizontal deep grooves & ridges on nail)- Trauma, coronary occlusion, infection, Malnutrition, chemotherapy, psoriasis, diabetes, KAWASAKI DISEASE(after a few months of onset) 3) Muehrcke's nails (Hypopigmented lines on nail. Neither any groove nor any ridge is palpable.)- Chemotherapy, Nephrotic syndrome.. 4) Axillary freckles-Neurofibromatosis type 1 5) Café au lait spots-Neurofibromatosis type 1 6) Lisch nodules(Iris)-Neurofibromatosis type 1 7) Buttonhole invagination- Neurofibromatosis type 1 8) Dennie-Morgan fold- Atopic dermatitis 9) Darier's sign- urticaria pigmentosa. 10) Koebner phenomenon- Psoriasis, Lichen planus, Vitiligo, Pityriasis rubra pilaris 11) Nail pitting- Psoriasis (Auspitz sign & Koebner phenomenon) 12) Wickham's striae- Lichen planus 13) Pterygium of nail- Lichen planus (Cicatrical alopecia, Koebner phenomenon; Bucca mucosa involvement) 14) Herald patch- Pityriasis rosea 15) Christmas tree pattern- Pityriasis rosea 16) Cigarette paper scales- Pityriasis rosea 17) Pin prick itching- Pityriasis versicolor 18) Sun fungus- Pityriasis Versicolor 19) Nickolsky's sign- Toxic epidermal necrolysis & Pemphigus vulgaris 20) Row of Tombstone appearance- Pemphigus vulgaris 21) Acantholysis- Pemphigus vulgaris ( Pemphigus-Intraepidermal blisters, Buccal mucosa involved. Pemphigoid-- Subepidermal blisters, Mucosa not involved) 22) Target lesion- Erythema multiforme 23) Bull's eye- Erythema multiforme 24) Iris lesion- Erythema multiforme 25) Garttage test- Psoriasis 26) Candle grease sign- Psoriasis 27) Burkley's membrane- Psoriasis 28) Warnoff ring- Psoriasis 29) Micro-munro abscess- Psoriasis 30) Silvery scales- Psoriasis
31) Onycholysis- Psoriasis
X Ray Findings - Abdomen (Contrast)
Barium • Bird's Beak deformity of lower oesophagus - Achalsia cardia (Barium Swallow) • Rat tail tapering of lower oesophagus - Carcinoma oesophagus (Barium Swallow) • Cork screw oesophagus - Diffuse oesophageal spasm (Barium Swallow) • Commonest radiological appearance of gastric carcinoma (in barium meal follow through) is - filling defect in antrum / body of stomach • Trifoliate duodenum - Chronic duodenal ulcer with scarring (Barium Meal) • Hour Glass stomach - Peptic ulcer • Cup & Spill / Cascade stomach - Volvulus of stomach • Constriction of transverse duodenum - superior mesenteric artery syndrome • Bull's eye lesion (in barium meal) - Leiomyosarcoma • Single-bubble appearance - pyloric stenosis • Double-bubble sign - Duodenal atresia, duodenal stenosis, annular pancreas • Triple-bubble sign - Jejunal atresia • Coffee bean sign - Strangulation of incompletely obstructed loop of small intestine • String of Beads - Small bowel obstruction • Coiled spring appearance - Intussusception • Pincer-shaped ending in barium enema - Intussusception • Bird of Prey sign - Sigmoid volvulus • Moulage sign (flocculation of barium, with mucosal thickening) - seen in - malabsorption syndrome • String sign of Cantor - Crohn's disease • Pipe-stem appearance (Loss of Haustrations)- Ulcerative Colitis (Barium Enema) • Saw-tooth appearance and / or diverticula - Diverticular disease / Diverticulosis (Barium Enema) • Scalloping of edge of sigmoid colon on barium enema - Ulcerative colitis • Napkin ring sign - Annular carcinoma of colon • Porcelain gall bladder - Carcinoma of gall bladder • Pad sign - Carcinoma pancreas (Barium Meal) ERCP • Scrambled-egg appearance - Carcinoma of pancreas • Chain of Lakes appearance - Chronic pancreatitis • Double duct sign - Carcinoma of pancreas PTC • Meniscus sign - Choledocholithiasis