Q. Chen B.Stoffel
Chair of Turbomachinery and Fluid Power Chair of Turbomachinery and Fluid Power
Darmstadt University of Technology Darmstadt University of Technology
Magdalenenstr.4, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany Magdalenenstr.4, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
Tel: (00)49-(0)6151-162753 Tel: (00)49-(0)6151-162153
Fax: (00)49-(0)6151-162453 Fax: (00)49-(0)6151-162453
e-maih chen @tfa.maschinenbau.tu-darmstadt.de e-mail: stoffel@tfa.maschinenbau.tu-darmstadt.de
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
In this paper the internal flow in a hydraulic servo valve In recent years, flow simulation in the form of CFD
was investigated. The objectives of this research work were to became one of the simulation technologies which have been
investigate the turbulent flow and the cavitation phenomenon in used in the fluid power technology field. CFD can be used to
the valve by using numerical simulation method in the form of supply the useful information for dimensioning, design and
CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics). The geometry of this testing. Using numerical flow simulation, the internal flow in
valve is described by a 3D model and hybrid mesh elements --- any component can be studied at lower cost and effort in
tetrahedron and hexahedron---are applied to generate the contrast to the experimental method. Therefore more and more
necessary computational meshes for the further calculation. attention has been paid to CFD in the fluid power technology.
Using the CFD commercial code FLUENT, the internal flow In [1], the geometry of the piston of a directional valve has
was studied for the turbulent flow situation. In addition, been optimized and the valve has been investigated in terms of
cavitation phenomenon was also investigated with the cavitation. In [2], a 2/2 switching valve was studied using the
multiphase model and standard k - c turbulence model. flow development with increasing slide position from nearly
Simulation results show that the flow in this valve is closed to the full stroke at different temperatures. Buerk [3]
characteristically turbulent and the cavitation emerges actually investigated by numerical simulations the pressure distribution,
in the small gap region between the spool and the valve base. pressure forces and Mach number in pneumatic seat valves and
also compared them with results from experimental
measurements. Kipping [4] carried out the experimental
Keywords: hydraulic servo valve, CFD, turbulent flow, analysis and numerical calculations of the internal flow in
multiphase, cavitation hydraulic slide valves. Three different valve models were
E ~,2
C,..~(G, +C3~G~,)-C:.pT+ S ~ (2) Pmg + F + V. ( ~ ctkp k Vdr,k Vdr,k ) (lO)
k=l
_L(O
and fl = P'OT" p (5) V dr ,p = V p - V m (12)
_
]2 m ~
P.
(7) ~, = cu" k2 [0.5542+ 997.6458(,o- 0.5542)m ] (14)
c 997.6458
and Pm is the mixture density.
n
G E O M E T R Y AND MESH
Pm = Z ak " Pk (8)
k=l
In Eq. (8), a , is the volume fraction of phase k. In this study, the geometry of the servo valve is described
as a 3D model. For the generation of the necessary mesh,
n hybrid 3D meshes were adopted to preprocessing of the
ak= 1 (9) problem, so to say, the tetrahedral and hexahedral meshes are
k=l the chosen mesh types. The whole computational mesh is cited
directly from [11]. Figure 1 shows the geometry and the meshes
The momentum equation for the mixture can be expressed for this valve. The generalized meshes have 426525 cells.
as:
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
The velocity inlet and the pressure outlet are chosen as the
boundary conditions through the whole investigation for this
hydraulic servo valve. For turbulent flow, the flow velocity at
a. Inflow geometry b. Outflow geometry the inlet is constant. But in the part of cavitation calculation, the
flow velocity increases firstly from 0 to 8.488m/s linearly, then
it is kept unchanged until the converged solution is reached.
The pressure at the outlet is always 2e5 Pa.
FLUID
SIMULATION RESULTS
I//
I// t Olzmel
NN
7 ~
5.87~
6~ ;,.41"{i
~;i'...~..
,,3 • ,..,
...... 5.89e~
s~se,~l "~: . ' - : L - . . - -
4.4211~1.,c ,: ~.;v .¢ .'~(:..
3.31e~
1 .~.~.~01
1.11e.~.01
7.~.00
31~110
r ~se+oo
3.72e~
3.61e-o2
x •
.~
--I05.51
47.~7
~ r 1~,2oo4 ]
[ Com~ursof Veocly M~nl~de(n~s) FeD04,LZ~04I
FLUENT6.1 (3d,~ , =.ke)
32~.<1o
~.Sle.O.2
When the cavitation phenomenon is investigated, the Comparing Fig. 8 with Fig. 5, it can be concluded that even
volume fraction of vapor is also considered specially as one of if the highest value of velocity vector distribution (94.6m/s)
the most important parameters that are used to evaluate if the under the cavitation state is a little smaller than the
cavitation occurs and to which extent it influences the internal correspondent value (105.51 m/s) when only turbulent model is
flow of this servo valve. considered, the cavitation phenomenon occurs actually in this
hydraulic valve.
CONCLUSIONS
¢.~nlour=of volu~
REFERENCES
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