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1 GRAMMAR

have to, don't have to, must, mustn't


a Match the no tices to the rules.
1 C You have to pay before the end of the month.
2 B You don't have to pay to see this.
3 D You mustn't eat here.
4 A You must turn off your phone before you come in.

b Look at the highlighted expressions and answer the questions.


1 Which two phrases mean...?
It is a (+) rule. There's an obligation to do this: have to I You must
2 Which phrase means...?
a It is n't permitted. It is against the rules: You mustn't
b It isn't obligatory or it isn't necessary: You don't have to

d With a parmer, complete four sentences about the school where you are learning English.
We have to use uniform everyday
We must do the homework after school
We don't have to go to school at weekends
We mustn't cheat in an exam: is the most important rule for me.

2 PRONUNCIATION must, mustn't,


a 3 36))) Listen to these sentences. Which letter is not pronounced in mustn't?
The first t in mustn't is silent.
Listen again and repeat.
You must use a dictionary.
You mustn't use a dictionary.
b 3 37))) Listen and write five sentences.
1 I mustn't forget her birthday.
2 She must help you.
3 We must call him at work.
4 You mustn't tell her husband.
S He mustn't be late.

I will survive (in Spanish) ... or will I?


The British have a reputation for being bad at learning languages, but is it really true? I work for a
newspaper which was doing a series of articles about this. As an experiment. they asked me to try
and learn a completely new language for one month. Then I had to go to the country and do some
'tests' to see if I could 'survive' in different situations. I decided to learn Spanish because I would like
to visit Spain and Latin America in the future. If I go. I don't want to be the typical Brit who expects
everyone else to speak English. I did a one-month intensive course in Spanish at a language school in
London. I was a complete beginner but I soon found that some Spanish words are very similar to
English ones. For example. hola isn't very different from 'hello' and ingles is very similar to 'English'.
But other things were more difficult, for example the verbs in Spanish change for each person and
that means you have to learn a lot of different endings. My biggest problem was the pronunciation. I
found it very difficult to pronounce some letters in Spanish, especially r andj. I downloaded
sentences in Spanish onto my phone and I listened and repeated them again and again. When my
course finished I went to Madrid for the weekend to do my tests. A Spanish teacher called Paula
came with me and gave me a mark out of 10 for each test and then a final mark for everything.
These were the tests and the rules:

You have to ...


1 order a drink and a sandwich in a bar, ask how much it is, and understand the price.
2 ask for directions in the street (and follow them).
3 get a taxi to a famous place in Madrid.
4 leave a message on somebody's voicemail.
RULES
you mustn't use a dictionary or phrase book
you mustn't speak English at any time
you mustn't use your hands or mime or write anything down

3 READING & LISTENING


a Do you think people from your country are good at learning languages?
No, I don’t.
Why (not)? Because, Most Chileans aren’t interested at learning for example English, most prefer to
watch movies in Spanish and few in English.
Are British people good at learning your language? I think they are bad at learning Spanish.

b Read about Max, a British journalist who did an intensive Spanish course. Then cover the article and
answer the questions.
1 What reputation do the British have?
They have a reputation for being bad at languages.
2 What experiment did Max's newspaper want to do?
They wanted Max to learn a new language in a month.
3 Why did Max choose to learn Spanish?
Because he would like to visit Spain and Latin America.
4 Where did be do the course? How long was it?
In London for one month.
5 What did he find easy and difficult about Spanish?
Easy: Vocabulary: Some words are similar to English words.
Difficult: Grammar: the verbs change for each person; pronunciation

6 What were the four tests? What were the rules?


1 Order a drink and a sandwich (ask how much it is and understand the price)
2 Ask for directions in the street
3 Get a taxi to a famous place
4 Leave a message on a phone
Rules: You mustn't use a dictionary or phrase book, speak no English, and you mustn't use your
hands, mime, or write anything.
c 3 38))) Which test do you think was the easiest for Max? Which do you think was the most difficult?
Listen to Max doing the tests in Madrid and check your answers.
3 38)))
J = journalist, P = Paula, W = waiter, Pb = passer-by, T = taxi driver, l = lola
J I arrived at Madrid airport where I met Paula. Hola Soy Max.
P Encantada. Soy Paula.
J Paula took me to my hotel and that evening we went to the centre of Madrid and it was time for
my first test. I had to order a sandwich and a drink in a bar, then ask for the bill. I sat down at the bar
and I tried to order a beer and a ham sandwich. Par favor, una cerveza y un bocadillo de jamon.
W En seguida.
J Fantasticl The waiter understood me first time. My pronunciation wasn't perfect, but I got my beer
and my sandwich. I really enjoyed it. But then the more difficult bit. Asking for the bill ... ¿Cuánto es?
W Seis noventa.
J ¿Como?
W Seis noventa.
J Six ninety. I understood! Paula gave me eight points for the test. I was very happy with t hat. Next
we went out into the street. Test number two was asking for directions and (very important!)
understanding them. We were in a narrow street and I had to stop someone and ask them for the
nearest chemist, Una farmacia. I stopped a woman. At first I didn't understand anything she said!
Pb Siga todo recto y tome la segunda par la derecha. Hay una farmacia en esa calle.
J I asked the woman to speak more slowly.
Pb rodo recto y tome la segunda calle por la derecha DERECHA.
J I got it this time, I think. The second street on the right. I followed the directions and guess what.
There was a chemist there! Seven points from Paula. Test number three. I wasn't looking forward to
this one. I had to get a taxi to a famous place in Madrid. Paula wrote down the name of the place on
a piece of paper. It was the name of the football stadium where Real Madrid play. We stopped a taxi.
El Bernabeu, por favor.
T "Que? l,Adonde?
J He didn't understand me. I tried again, but he still didn't understand. I was desperate, so I said,
'Real Madrid, Stadium, football'.
T iAh! El Santiago Bernabeu.
J Finally! Paula only gave me five because I ended up using English. Still, at least I made the taxi driver
understand where I wanted to go. And so to the finat test. I had to leave a message in Spanish on
somebody's voicemail. I had to give my name, spell it, and ask the person to call me back. Paula gave
me the number - it was one of her friends called Lola - and I dialled. I was feeling a bit nervous at this
point, because speaking on the phone in a foreign language is never easy.
L Deje su mensaje despues de la señal.
J Er. Buenas noches. Soy Max. M-A-X. Er. .. Por favor ... lIamame esta noche ... Oh yes ... a las 8.30 er,
Gracias. Well, my grammar wasn't right, but I left the message. Half an hour later, at half past eight
Lota phoned me. Success! Paula gave me eight points. That was the end of my four tests. Paula was
pleased with me. My final score was seven. I was quite happy with that. So, how much can you learn
in a month? Well, of course you can't learn Spanish in a month, but you can learn enough to survive
if you are on holiday or on a t rip. Now I want to go back to England and try and team some more.
jAdi6s!

C The easiest test was getting a drink and a sándwich in a bar.


The most difficult was getting a taxi to a famous place.
d Listen again. Mark the sentence T (true) o r F (false). Correct the false in formation.
1 The waiter didn't understand Max. F (THE WAITER UNDERSTOOD HIM FIRST TIME)
2 The bill was six euros. F (IT WAS SIX EUROS NINETY)
3 The chemist's was the first street on the right. F (IT WAS THE SECOND STREET ON THE RIGHT)
4 The driver understood the name of the stadium. F (HE DIDN’T UNDERSTAND)
5 Max made a grammar mistake when he left the voicemail message. T
6 Max's final mark was eight. F (HIS FINAL MARK WAS SEVEN)
7 Max says you can learn Spanish in a month. F (YOU CAN’T LEARN SPANISH IN A MONTH, BUT YOU
CAN LEARN ENOUGH TO SURVIVE)

Spanish is incredibly difficult


really
very
quite
a bit
not very

***a bit
We only use a bit before negative
adjectives and adverbs,
e.g. a bit difficult. a bit slowly.

b Complete the sentences with one of the


words or phrases so that it makes a true
sentence. Compare with a partner.
1 I'm quite good at learning languages.
2 l 'm very motivated to improve my
English.
3 English pronunciation is very difficult.
4 English grammar is quite complicated.
5 I'm a bit worried about the next English
exam.
6 English is very important for my work J
studies.

5 SPEAKING
a How well do you think you could do
Max's four tests in English? Why?
I think I could order a drink and a sandwich quite well

b Talk to a partner.
HAVE YOU EVER...
• spoken to a tourist in English? When? Why?
Yes, I have. I spoke to a Canadian tourist in English who went to Scotiabank to change
dollars
• had to speak in English on the phone? Who to? ¿What about?
Yes, I have. I had to speak in English on the phone to a Canadian costumer of the bank
where I work. I spoke to the customer about your bank account
• seen a film or video clip in English? Which? Did it have subtitles? How much did you
understand?
Yes, I have. I saw a science fiction film called ARRIVAL in English without subtitules, but
I didn’t understand not much.
• read a book or magazine in English? Which one(s)?
Yes, I have. I read The Rolling Stone magazine in English. It is a music magazine.
• asked for directions in English in a foreign city? Where? What happened?
No, I haven’t.
• used an app or website to improve your English? Which one?
Yes, I have. I used an app called DUOLINGO to improve my English.
• learnt another foreign language? How well can you speak it?
No, I haven’t.

6 WRITING
A formal email. Write an email asking for information.

Dear Sir / Madam,

I am writing to ask for information about your language courses. I am especially interested in
an intensive course of two or three months. I am 43 and I work in a Canadian bank. I can read
English quite well, but I need to improve my listening and speaking. The book I am currently
studying is 'pre-intermediate'.
I have looked at your website, but there is no information about intensive courses next
summer. Could you please send me information about dates and prices? I would also
like some information about discount. If possible I would like to study with my nephew who
is going to visit England in his next holidays.

I look forward to hearing from you.


Yours faithfully,
Juan Andres

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