Introduction
Necessity of a section view
Given
Orthographic
projection Orthographic
Section projection
principle
technique principle
Yes
Internal features
make a view
difficult to read
or dimension?
No
Finish
Purposes
Example
Regular
view
Section
view
Basic components
category
Cross-section view Cross-section view
of detail of assembly
6
Cutting plane
Cutting plane is an imaginary plane that cuts through the
object.
A section view is obtained by viewing the object after removed the
cover up part in the direction normal to the cutting plane.
Location and direction of a cutting plane depend on a hidden
feature that is needed to be revealed.
Example Cutting
plane
Section view
Basic Components
Cutting plane line
In an orthographic view, a cutting plane is presented as a
“cutting plane line, CPL” and is drawn in either of an
adjacent view of the section view.
CPL
Section
view
Section Section
CPL view view
Section lining : Purpose
Examples
Visible surfaces and edges behind the cutting plane are drawn in a section view.
Section lining : Symbol
The section lines are different for each type of material.
Practically, the cast iron symbol is used most often for
any materials.
Examples
Sand Wood
Section lining : Recommended practice 1
The spacing between lines may vary from 1.5 mm for
small sectioned areas to 3 mm for large sectioned areas.
Examples
Poor practices
Example
Basic Components
Types of section
Conventional practice : Treatment of a hidden
line
Hidden lines are usually omitted within the section lined area.
Example
Hidden lines
present.
Hidden lines
are omitted.
Conventional practice : Treatment of a hidden line
show hidden lines only when the object would be
misinterpreted if they were not shown.
16
Full section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the straight cutting
plane completely through the part.
Example
A closer look
Offset section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the bended cutting
plane completely through the part.
Example
Edge views of
the cutting plane
are omitted
Half section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the cutting plane halfway
through an object and remove a quarter of it.
Example
Half section : Conventional practice
A center line is used for separating the sectioned half from
the unsectioned half of the view.
Hidden line is omitted in unsectioned half of the view.
Broken-out section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the cutting plane normal
to the viewing direction and removing the portion of an
object in front of it.
Example
Conventional practices
The sectioned and unsectioned
portions are separated by
a break line.
Break line is freehand drawn
as a thin continuous line.
Cutting plane line is not
necessary.
Broken-out section : Concept & example
23
Revolved section : Concept & example
A section view is made by revolving the cross-section view
90o about a cutting plane line and drawn on the orthographic
view.
Example
a
b
Revolved section :
Placement of a cross-section view
Break Superimposed
Revolved section : Additional example
Removed
6. Removed section : Concept
section
Example
Revolved
section
Removed
section
Removed section :
Alternative placement of a view
Example
A B
B
Section A–A Section B–B
A
Kinds of sections
6. Removed section: Concept
Use an angled cutting plane to pass through angled
features. The plane and feature are then imagined to be
revolved into the original plane and the section projected
from there
Example
31
6. Conventional breaks : Concept
32
Summary
Drafter has several choices of section techniques to reveal an internal
feature of an object.
Object having several features that do not locate in-line among each
other, an offset section may be a good choice.
35
Dimensioning
Dimension techniques
Dimensioning of the section views follows the typical rules
of dimensioning.
For a half-section view, use dimension line with only one arrowhead
that points to the position inside the sectioned portion.
10
f 50 f 50
Dimension techniques
Avoid placing dimensions or notes within the section lined
area.
If the situation is unavoidable, omit the section lines in the area of
the note.
To Be Continue