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MODULE IN SCIENCE 6 3RD QUARTER

LESSON 1 ; FORCE AND ITS EFFECT
ON THE OBJECTS

FORCE  is needed to make an objects be in motion.

is a PUSH or a PULL that tends an object to move, stop or
change its direction,

EFFECTS OF FORCE ON THE OBJECTS 2. MAGNETIC FORCE – is a force that causes objects
1. FORCE can transfer energy to an object to make it to attract or repel each other, The magnetic force
move. between two moving charged particles is the effect
Q and A: 2. Force can stop a moving object exerted by a magnetic field created by the other.
3. Forces change the speed of a moving object.
How does 4. Force can change the size of an object 3. ELECTRIC FORCE – is the force that exists between
force 5. Force can change the position or direction of charged particles. Objects with different charges
affect the movement of an object. attract each other, the objects with same charge
motion of 6. BALANCE FORCE  are two forces acting in repel each other. It holds particles together to
an object? opposite directions on an object, and equal in size. make up matter.
UNBALANCE FORCEForces that cause a change in
the motion of an object

WORK THIS OUT

4. NUCLEAR FORCE – is a force that holds the

Identify the EFFECTs of FORCE on the objects as shows in the
picture.
particles in the nucleus together. There are two
types of nuclear force; STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
holds the nuclear particles together by holding the
quarks together. QUARKS are small particles in
neutrons and protons. When this strong nuclear
forces break, it releases great amount of energy.
WEAK NUCLER FORCE is the force that holds
particles within protons and neutrons together.
When neutrons decay, they form a new atom and
turn to radioactive.

5. FRICTIONAL FORCE – Friction opposes motion. It

causes the object that moves along a surface to
slow down and eventually stop.
FRICTION – is a force that opposes motion between
two surfaces touching each other.

LESSON 2 ; KINDS OF FORCE 6. CENTRIFUGAL AND CENTRIPETAL FORCE

People travel in the outer space experience many kinds of

forces. These FORCES also exists around us on EARTH. These
FORCES are gravitational, magnetic, electric , strong and
weak nuclear force. The FOUR FORCES are called UNIVERSAL
FORCES.

1. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE – is a force that pulls

objects toward one another. It is universal force
that affects the bigger and smaller objects.
“Everything that goes up, it goes down”.
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WORK THIS OUT

List the activities that take place in your classroom and Make an advertisement to demonstrate
at home. Classify each activity according to the universal ROAD SAFETY.
forces that apply to them.

Activities at home Types of Forces

Activities in the Types of Forces

classroom

LESSON 3 : FRICTIONAL FORCES

LESSON 4 : FACTORS AFFECTING
FRICTION – opposes motion. It causes an object that FRICTION
moves along a surface to slow down and eventually stop.
1. The factors that affect friction are:
AIR FRICTION – affects the motion of falling objects by (a) the condition of the surfaces in contact
acting against the force of gravity. (b) the weight of an object

KNDS OF FRICTION 2. A rough surface produces greater friction

compared to a smooth surface.
1. ROLLING FRICTION- When an object rolls (a) For example, it is harder to push or pull a heavy
over a surface, rolling friction is box along a carpet than along a tiled surface.
produced. (b) The carpet produces greater frictional force
than the tiled surface.
2. SLIDING FRICTION- also known as (c) The huge amount of friction force impedes the
DRY FRICTION, occurs when two box movement, making it very difficult to be moved.
Objects rub against each other or slide
against each other. 3. We are more likely to slip while walking on a wet
floor. This is because the wet floor is slippery and
3. FLUID FRICTION – is friction between produces less friction.
moving objects and a liquid or between an
object moving in the air. 4. Friction also depends on the weight of an object.
4. STATIC FLUID – occurs in stationary (a) A heavier object exerts a greater frictional
object at rest. It is the friction that force.
MISCONCEPTION prevents an object from moving against a (b) Therefore, a bigger and heavier box is more
ALERT
surface. difficult to be moved than a smaller and lighter box.
You might think
that the friction is EFFECTS OF FRICTION
caused by surface A. DESIRABLE EFFECTS
roughness. 1. Friction allows gripping things.
Surface roughness 2. Friction helps convert one form of motion
merely makes into another.
moving surfaces LESSON 5 ; GRAVITATIONAL
3. Friction converts some energy into heat.
bounce up and FORCE
down.. Friction is
B. UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS
mostly caused by What comes in your mind when you hear the word
chemical 1. Friction makes object difficult to move
GRAVITY? Write it in the circles below.
bounding continuously..
between the 2. Friction coverts energy into heat, noise
GRAVITY
moving surfaces and wear and tear on materials.
caused by
stickiness. WORK THIS OUT

“What goes up comes down”
LESSON 7: FORMS OF ENERGY
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE – is the force of attraction
between all masses in the universe, especially the
attraction of Earth’s mass for bodies near its surface.
FACTORS AFFECT THE GRAVITATIONAL
ATTRACTION BETWEEN OBJECTS
1. WEIGHT – is a measure of force of gravity
in an object.
2. MASS – amount of matter in an object.
3. DISTANCE BETWEEN OBJECTS – The
farther apart the two objects are, the
lesser the gravitational force.
WORK THIS OUT
Fill in the blanks. Use the words in the box to complete
each statement.
Gravity lesser higher
Center increase less
1. All objects fall towards the ________ of Earth.
2. All objects are attracted to each other because
of ______________.
3. The farther you are from Earth, the
______________ your weight.
4. The gravity between two objects decreases as
the distance between them is ______________.
5.
6. The more distant the body from Earth, the
__________ gravitational force of attraction.
ENERGY ; ITS FORM AND
TRANSFORMATION
LESSON 6: TYPES OF ENERGY
ENERGY – is the ability to do work.
TYPES OF ENERGY
1. POTENTIAL ENERGY – energy at rest.
2. KINETIC ENEGY – energy in motion.
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WORK THIS OUT
Check the boxes of picture if it shows motion and mark X
if it is at rest.
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1. MECHANICAL ENERGY – is a form of energy
possessed by a moving object or body.
Mechanical energy can be either kinetic or
potential energy.
2. CHEMICAL ENERGY – is form of energy that
stored in molecules of a substance.
3. RADIANT or LIGHT ENERGY – form of energy
that travels through empty space. It can travel
through vacuum or an empty space, and it can
be transferred to another body. Radiant
energy maybe in form of light, ultraviolet rays,
X-rays, infrared radiation, radio waves,
microwaves and radar.
4. ELECTRICAL ENERGY – is the energy produces
by moving electrons. It is the flow of charged
particles called electrons.
5. SOUND ENERGY – energy produced by
vibrating objects. When objects vibrate, sound
waves are produced. Sound waves are able to
carry vibrations through medium.
6. THERMAL ENERGY (HEAT ENERGY) – is form
of energy present in everybody due to the
motion of molecules.
7. SOLAR ENERGY – Energy from the sun.
8. NUCLEAR ENERGY – is form of energy that
came from splitting and combining of nucleus.
a. Nuclear Fusion –combining of light nuclei
into heavy nucleus.
b. NUCLEAR FISSION – is splitting of a heavy
nuclei.
WORK THIS OUT
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CHECK YOUR
UNDERSTANDING ENRGY TRANSFORMTION – is the transfer of ENERGY
from one form to another form of Energy.

Energy transformation also

Identify the FORMS of ENRGY needed in the following occurs in some objects that we use.
activities. Many appliances you use
_________1. Cooking food in the microwave oven. every day change electrical into other
_________2. Door bell forms.
__________3. Battery of Toy operated car Example:
__________4. Grilling Barbeque MRT = Electrical Energy Sound Energy Light Energy
__________5. Lightning Bulb Mechanical Energy Heat Energy
__________6. Keeping bicycle moving
Toy Car = Chemical Energy Electrical Energy
__________7. Electric fan blade is moving Mechanical Energy Heat Energy
__________8. Water from falls
__________9. Making a sewing machine work HEAT ENERGY - is the end-product of all Energy
__________10. Musical Instruments Transformation.

Loop the word that found below.

WORK THIS OUT

A. Illustrate how energy is transformed in the

following:
1. Electric flat iron
2. Flashlight
3. Battery operated radio
4. Electric fan
LESSON 8: TRANSFORMATION OF 5. Washing machine
ENERGY
B. List 15 ways on how you can conserve electric
Energy transformation starts when energy power in your home.
strikes the Earth’s surface. Some of this energy is 1.
transformed form one form to another form of energy.
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LESSON 9: SIMPLE MACHINES

SIMPLE MACHINES – are simple tools that multiply the

amount of force to make work easier, 2. SECOND-CLASS LEVER ( FRE or ERF)
-The Fulcrum lies at one end, the Effort is
applied at the other end, and the
Find out what are simple machines. Let’s describe their RESISTANCE or LOAD is in the middle, as
characteristics and uses. List down your observation in in a wheelbarrow.
the chart below.
MACHINES How Characteristics Types
Does
it
work?
Scissors

Doorknob 3. THIRD-CLASS LEVER ( REF or FER)

-The fulcrum is at one end, but the Load or
Screw Resistance is at the other end, and the
EFFORT is applied in the middle, as in
human forearm.
Stairs

Safety Pins

Pulley

A. LEVER – is a device which has a FULCRUM REMEMBER THIS:

or a pivot point, the EFFORT end where
The location of
force is applied, and the RESISTANCE end
where load is located. FULCRUM in relation to
RESISTANCE and the
EFFORT determines the
class of LEVER.

PARTS of A LEVER WORK THIS OUT

a. RESISTANCE or LOAD (R) – a force that
is being lifted by the effort.
b. EFFORT (E) – a force that lifts the
resistance Demonstrate how will you use the
c. FULCRUM (F) – the fixed movable point following LEVER. Locate the fulcrum, the resistance and
where the rigid bar moves. the effort in these levers. Identify the class to which
each tool belongs.

3 CLASSES OF LEVER
1. FIRST-CLASS LEVER ( RFE or EFR)
-The FULCRUM is between the effort and
the load

.B. INCLINED PLANE – is a flat supporting surface titled
at an angle. An inclined plane lessens the effort exerted
over a distance and changes the direction---from
straight up to along the angle plane of the inclined plane.
“The lesser the angle of the inclined plane, the longer
the distance and the lesser the effort needed.”
.C. WEDGE – A double inclined plane that is sharpened
to an end and also a tool with slides sloping to a sharp
edge.
“The thinner the wedge is, the lesser effort is needed to
cut objects”
.D. SCREW – is another modified inclined plane. A screw
is made when an inclined plane is used to wrap a
cylinder.
The Screw is actually a metal piece grooved in
an advancing spiral and with slotted head. The
spiral ridge of the screw is called THREAD.
Between the two turns of the thread is the
Pitch.
WORK THIS OUT
Fill in the blanks. Write your answers in the blank
provided.
1. A W___________ is a tool with slides sloping
to form sharp objects.
2. A wedge has a sloping surface similar to
I__________________.
3. The S______ is an inclined plane wrapped in a
spiral around a cone.
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4. F_______ keeps the screw from loosening in its
hole.
5. It is part of the screw that found between two
turns of the thread is P________
.E.. WHEEL and AXLE – refers to the assembly
formed by two discs of different diameters
mounted so they rotate together around the
same axis.
WHEEL is a circular disk
turning on its axle. An AXLE is the
shaft as a rod around which wheel
rotates. Together, the wheel and the
axle make a simple machine. These
two are fixed to each other so that
when the wheel turns, the axle also
turns.
F. PULLEY – is a modified wheel and axle. It
is used to lift loads, apply force, and transmit power. A
pulley has a rope sliding on the groove of the wheel.
KINDS OF PULLEY
1. FIXED PULLEY – is generally hung, making the
wheel stationary in position.
2. MOVABLE PULLEY – is the complete opposite of fixed
pulley. The entire wheel, together with the axle, travels
along the rope.
3. BLOCK AND TACLE – is a combination of fixed and
movable pulley. The fixed pulley is part that pulls
the movable pulley. The movable pulley, therefore,
carries resistance, as fixed pulley is where the
effort is exerted.
TEST YOUR SELF
A. TRUE OR FALSE
1. A lever is a simple machine.
2. Lever has a Fulcrum, Resistance and Screw.
3. There are three classes of lever.
4. The wheel and axle produces a spinning lever.
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5. Movable Pulley is a combination of Fixed and

movable pulley.
6. The wedge is a form of inclined plane that
wrapped in a spiral around a cone.
7. A Wheel and Axle is a rigid bar that is used to
lift or move an object.
8. EFFORT of a lever is the force exerted on a
machine.
9. Inclined plane has two slanting slopes. WORK THIS OUT
10. Simple machine makes our work easier by
multiplying the effort exerted.

B. Identify what kind of Simple Machine are the MACHINES ARE USEFUL
following; Everyone using machines should use them properly and
1. Flag pole keep them in good working condition. How is this done?
2. Wheelbarrow
3. Fishing rod MACHINE CARE
4. Screw
5. Knife
6. Blade
7. Shovel
8. Ramp
9. Scissor
10. Bicycle

LESSON 10 : SAFETY MEASURES IN

HANDLING MACHINES
Simple and compounds machines make our work
easier. However, they may cause accidents if not
properly used or handled properly. Here are some
safety rules in handling simple machines.

1. To avoid getting hurt, do not play with sharp References:

simple machines. The New Science Links 6 pp.294- 366
2. Keep machines in a cabinet or in a safe place Journey into the world of Science 5
out of reach of children. www.google.com.ph/search?q=safety+use+of+simple+m
3. When holding a tool, make sure its sharp edge achines&rlz=
points downward, facing the ground.
4. Before using any simple machine, be sure in
its condition.
5. When using wheels and axles like bikes and
skateboards, use a helmet and make sure that
the wheel and axle are firmly attached to each
other.
6. Oil the machine regularly to prevent rusting.
7. Clean the machine after use.