Piping Design Engineering Basis

TECHNIP INDIA LIMITED
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY - PIPING
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR.NO. TITLE PAGE

16
1.0 PURPOSE 3
2.0 SCOPE 3
3.0 DEFINITION 3
4.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 3
4.1 EQUIPMENT LAYOUT 3
4.2 UNIT PIPING 9
4.3 OFFSITES & YARD PIPING 18
4.4 TANK PIPING 19

4.5 FLARE PIPING 19
4.6 UNDERGROUND PIPING 19
4.7 SEWERS 20
4.8 FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS & SUPPORTING 20

4.9 MATERIALS & SELECTION OF PIPING 21
4.10 THERMAL INSULATION OF PIPING, EQPT & VESSELS 24

4.11 PAINTING 24
5.0 REFERENCES & PUBLICATIONS 25
ANNEXURES
A ACCESSIBILITY FOR INSTRUMENTS & VALVES 28

B CLEARANCES 30
C ALLOWABLE PIPE SUPPORT SPAN 31
D TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF PIPING MATERIAL 33

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE & CRYOGENIC
E 46
VALVES
F SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VACCUM SERVICE 48
G SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IBR SERVICE 49
H OTHER SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 51
Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 2 of 51

1.0 PURPOSE
The purpose of this document is to establish a common understanding between PMC, Owner & LSTK
Designers on Piping Design Philosophies.
2.0 SCOPE
This design basis briefly covers the basic requirements for the design of piping systems for LPG Plant
covered by ASME B 31.3 “PROCESS PIPING” (latest) & ASME B 31.1 “POWER PIPING” (latest).
These shall be adhered to by engineering/ EPCC contractor (s) or his subcontractors during the course
of engineering, procurement & construction.
3.0 DEFINITIONS
OWNER : Adani LPG Terminal Pvt. Ltd. (ALTPL)
EMPLOYER : HOWE Engineering Projects (INDIA) Pvt. Ltd.
PMC : To be decided
LSTK : Successful Bidder
4.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY/GENERAL CRITERIA
The Plant layout shall be made in consideration with:

• Maximization of safety
• Ease of operation
• Maintenance consistent with economical design and future expansion.
4.1 EQUIPMENT LAYOUT
4.1.1 Basis of Equipment Layout
Equipment Layout shall be developed based on the following data:
• Project Design Information

• Site Plans
• Equipment Lists
• PID & Utility requirements
• Indicative Equipment Layout from Process Licensor/PMC
• Equipment Data Sheets
• Prevailing Wind direction
• Overall Plot Plan.
• Existing Roadways, Railroads
• Firefighting data
• Topographical Data
4.1.2 Development of Equipment Layout
The following aspects shall be considered during development of Equipment Layout.
1. Process requirement – i.e. proper interconnection between equipment as per PID’s to

achieve the intended process parameters.
2. Economy of Piping material-Minimize the quantity of costly piping.

3. Erection & Construction requirement- Erection scheme and schedule of all equipment
must be considered during equipment layout to have smooth erection mainly in case
of tall columns, heavy equipments like thick walled reactors, approach road for cranes
/ derrick for lifting the column or reactors, requirement of special foundation / pile etc.
4. Safety Requirements – As a minimum, ‘OISD’ (OISD STD -118/144/236/150 as

applicable) and petroleum rules shall be followed.
5. Firefighting facility as per Fire Fighting Design Basis 2015-E-UTL-FFS-BP-N-E-002.

Eye washer and safety shower location shall be marked in equipment layout and their
quantity / location shall meet minimum requirements of factory / safety standards and
other statutory requirements.
6. Constructability, Operation and Maintenance requirement.

• Overhead and side clearances for exchangers and pumps.
• Provision of exchanger tube bundle pulling area
• Horizontal & overhead clearances for easy movement of working personnel.
• Crane approaches for air coolers/fire heaters.
• Provision of catalyst loading/unloading facilities.
• Provision of monorail or similar device based on lifting arrangement for pumps
and exchangers
• Provision of HOT crane for compressors
• Provision of operator’s Cabin.
• Provision for column / vessel drop out area.
• Fire Protection System.
7. Similar equipment grouping-all columns, exchangers, pumps etc shall be grouped

together for easy operation and maintenance.
8. The technological structures should be interconnected for easy movement of
operational personnel. U/G piping corridors for main headers should be marked in
equipment layout for all underground piping.
9. All areas requiring crane access for erection or specific maintenance purpose e.g.
catalyst loading etc. shall be marked on the equipment layout.
10. Requirements of future space shall be considered in the plot area for expandable case
as well as future case for equipment and piping.
11. Rack shall be designed considering space for future expansion requirements.
4.1.3 Pipe Rack
In general, equipment layout shall be prepared considering straight pipe rack, however other
shapes like L/T/U/H etc can also be considered based on area available.
The total width of pipe rack shall include extra space for expandable case as well as future
expansion (Phase-II) in unit.
The width of the rack shall be 6m, 8m or 10m for single bay & 12m, 16m or 20m for double bay
having 4 tiers maximum. The spacing between pipe rack portals shall be taken as 6m and can
be extended up to 9m in which case an intermediate structural member shall be provided in the
pipe rack for tier.
• For units, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be 3.5m (for Hydra) minimum both
in longitudinal and transverse directions.

• For Offsite, clearance beneath pipe rack shall be 2.2M minimum both in
longitudinal and transverse directions.
• Road Clearance shall be 7m minimum for main and 5m for secondary road.
• Lower most main pipe track tier level shall be at 5m for new units.
4.1.4 Towers and Vertical Vessels.
Towers and Vertical Vessels shall be arranged in a row with common center line, decided by
the largest vessels, placing O.D. of the equipment minimum 4.0m away from the pipe rack. A
minimum clearance of 3.0 m shall be allowed between tower shells, but in any case platform of
adjacent towers shall be checked so that platforms do not overlap (minimum 100 mm horizontal
gap shall be provided between platform of adjacent towers) and that a minimum 900mm is left
between tower plinths. Also the gap between vertical vessels shall allow full opening of
manhole covers without restriction. Efforts shall be made to provide the interconnecting
platforms at suitable levels for adjacent towers and/or adjacent technological structures & rack
walkways etc. Interconnections, wherever feasible shall be done after taking thermal expansion
(considering worst case scenario) of tower into consideration. All level switches, level gauges
etc. including their isolation valves shall be accessible from ladders & platforms.
To handle heavy items (like relief valves, blinds etc.) a davit or monorail is required. The davit
shall be on the side of the vessel/column away from the rack. The area at grade shall be kept
clear for a dropout. The davit shall be provided to handle all heavy items wherever crane
approach is not possible.
All Manholes shall be provided with a Davit for easy removal of Blind flange during vessel
maintenance.
All safety valves above 3” inlet shall be accessible by mobile crane. If individual safety valves
of these sizes are not directly accessible by mobile crane, the same can be grouped together
at an approachable platform which can be accessed by mobile crane.
All chemical dosing shall be skid mounted packages. It shall be located close to the dosing
point to the extent possible, especially ammonia & corrosion inhibitors. These shall be
preferably located at one place with escape routes.
4.1.5 Horizontal Vessels
The Horizontal vessels shall be laid perpendicular to pipe rack and dished end shall be placed
minimum 4 m away from the pipe rack. The clearance between horizontal vessel shells shall
be minimum 2m or 900mm clear aisle whichever is higher.
Mounded bullets shall be provided with road all around the mound. Adequate platforms shall
be provided for accessing the valves/instruments installed on the top of the bullets.
Stairs shall be provided for these platforms.
All requirements of OISD shall be considered in the layout design.
4.1.6 Pumps
Wherever practicable, pumps shall be arranged in rows with the centerline of the discharge
nozzle on a common straight line. In general pumps shall be kept outside the pipe rack, with
motor facing the roadside for easy maintenance.
Gap between each pumps foundation and foundation of technical structure should be
sufficient for easy removal of equipment after piping.
Clearance between two adjacent pumps shall be such that clear 1000mm aisle is available.

All pumps having motor rating ≥ 75 KW and not accessible by mobile equipment shall be
provided with monorail of appropriate capacity. No monorail should normally be provided for
pumps open to sky or having sufficient clear space below rack for maintenance and accessible
by mobile equipment.
4.1.7 Exchangers
In most of the cases floating head of exchangers shall be placed on a line 4m away from
piperack. Shell and tube type exchangers may have a removable shell cover with flanged head.
Tube pulling or rod cleaning area must be allowed at the channel end. This shall be minimum
tube bundle length + 1m from the channel head wherever possible. Suitable arrangements
for pulling and inserting of tube bundle to be provided. In case of vertical exchanger
suitable platform shall be provided below the top flange of channel or bonnet. For vertical
exchanger cover, davit shall be provided below the top flange of channel or bonnet. Minimum
clearance in between two horizontal exchangers shall be 2.0m or 900mm clear aisle whichever
is higher. Like wise Heat Exchanger train should be suitably spaced such that shell/tube
inlet/outlet piping do not foul floating Head Covers creating maintenance problem.
4.1.8 Furnaces
When the hydrocarbon being handled is above its auto-ignition temperature in process,
equipment may be located close to the furnace/heater and adequate access for maintenance
and adequate fire protection to be provided. This is done to reduce high hazard spreading
within the plant.
Furnaces shall be located upwind or side wind of process units to blow any combustible leaks
away from the open flame. They shall be located minimum 90m away from hydrocarbon tanks
and 30m away from control room. Distances for equipments handling hydrocarbon from the
furnace shall be strictly as per OISD norms. Vessels/reactors/columns directly connected to
furnace are exception. Furnaces shall be arranged with centerline of the stacks on a common
line in case of circular furnace and wherever a common stack is furnished to cater more than
one furnace the stacks shall be located at the end or side, which is away from the unit. In case
of individual box furnaces, the edge of the furnaces on the rack side shall be matched. F.D
fans shall be located at one corner of the furnace area away from equipments handling
hydrocarbons. It shall be ensured that there are no working platforms within an elevation of 6m
below the tip of the stack and within 25M radius of stack. However the stack height is governed
by the clearances from statutory authorities like Director General of Civil Aviation and Pollution
Control Board or any safety norms whichever is stringent. For maintenance, vertical tube
furnaces must have access to permit a crane to remove and replace tubing. Horizontal tube
furnaces must have horizontal free space equal to tube length plus crane parking space for
tube pulling/maintenance/cleaning. In case of bottom floor fired heaters, there shall be
adequate headroom clearance underneath furnace for removal of burners. In case of wall fired
furnaces min 2m wide platform with escape route at each end is necessary.
Pits and trenches are not permitted under furnace or any fired equipment. Underground drain
points and manhole covers shall be sealed within furnace vicinity. All OWS points in the vicinity
of the heater area shall be connected to a common header & in turn the header shall be routed
to CRWS system or Storm water drain. In no case they shall be connected to OWS system.
Condensate funnel can be connected to condensate header and in case of non feasibility/ non
existence of U/G condensate header these can be routed to CRWS/Storm sewer.
Air Pre-heaters should be located in such a way that the modules can be removed by crane.
4.1.9 Compressors and Their Prime Movers

Following types of compressors are used in process plants:
• Centrifugal compressors
• Reciprocating compressors
• Liquid ring compressors.
• Screw compressors
• Diaphragm compressors
Compressors shall be located to keep suction lines as short as possible. The gas compressors
shall be located downwind side of furnace so that leaks are not blown towards the furnace. In
general compressors are kept under shed. When compressors are kept under shed, sides are
fully open for the low shed or partially closed from top for high shed to avoid accumulation of
heavier gases in the shed except in case of hydrogen compressors located under the sheds
provision for top venting from compressor sheds shall be provided .
In case of a turbine driven compressor, if exhaust steam is condensed, turbine and compressor
are located at an elevated level and condenser is located below turbine. A major consideration
in centrifugal compressor is the lube oil and seal oil console. It must be accessible by road,
must be lower than the compressor to allow gravity drain of oil to the consoles oil tank.
Intercoolers, knockout pots and after coolers may be kept within\outside the shed but near
compressor house. Space to be allocated in the near-by area for other auxiliaries like Lube Oil
console, Steam Ejectors, Lube Oil Run down tanks and its associated auxiliary piping between
them and the main compressor unit.
For compressors one trolley to handle heaviest removable piece shall be provided for each
compressor house. Maintenance bay for compressors shall be provided. Maintenance bay
shall be accessible from road to facilitate unloading & loading on to truck etc. For removal of
bundles of exchangers located within building monorail arrangement shall be provided.
Hand operated trolley is preferred over electrical whenever handling flammable gasses like
LPG vapour.
Compressor manufacturer may be consulted for recommended layout and additional

requirement for maintenance. However, licensor’s requirement, if any, shall also be taken into
consideration.
4.1.10 Clearance and Accessibility
4.1.10.1 Crane access & tube bundle pulling.
Equipment, structures shall be arranged to permit crane access to service

air coolers, Compressors and exchangers. A clear space for tube bundle
removal shall be provided. Dropout bay may be considered for exchangers
at elevated structures. For high-pressure exchangers, shell pulling on rails
shall be provided. Maintenance and Dropout space shall be indicated for
Columns, Turbine and Compressor House.
4.1.10.2 Access to Pumps
Clear access of 3.5m vertically and 3m horizontally shall be provided

centrally under main pipe ways for small mobile equipment to service
pumps/motors, wherever these are installed under pipe ways with prior

specific approval. Pumps outside the rack shall be approachable by mobile

equipments etc. from under the pipe rack.
4.1.10.3 Access to lower items to grade level (Lowering Area)
Clear access shall be provided at grade on the access side for lowering
external and internal fittings, PSVs, Control valves etc from elevated
equipment by providing pipe davits.
4.1.10.4 Layout & access requirements for Platforms Ladders and Stairs.
For providing platform ladder & staircase following guidelines shall be

followed.
• Two means of access shall be provided (i.e. two ladders or one
staircase and one ladder) at any elevated platform, which serves three
or more vessels & for battery limit valves operating platforms.
• Compressor house, turbine decks and valve operating platforms shall
have access staircase on either side of the bay. Staircase shall face
opposite directions.
• Platforms, Ladders and stairways shall be the minimum, consistent
with access and safety requirements.
• Stairway for tanks to be provided on upstream of predominant wind
direction.
4.1.10.5 Platform at elevated structure

• Dual access (i.e. one staircase and one ladder) shall be provided for
large elevated structure, if any part of platform has more than 22.65m
(75 ft) of travel, it shall have staircase on both sides.
• Fired heaters located adjacent to one another, shall have
interconnecting platforms at various elevations. Inter-connecting
platforms between adjacent towers shall be provided, wherever
feasible, taking into consideration expansion of towers.
• Secondary access shall be provided whenever dead end exceeds
7.5m
4.1.10.6 Platforms with stair access shall also be provided for:

• Location at which normal monitoring (once a day or more) is required
or where samples are taken.
• Location where vessels or equipment items have operator attention
such as compressors, heaters, boilers etc.
• Main pipe rack at battery limits.
• Location wherever operator requires to carry heavy tools for operation.
4.1.10.7 Platforms with atleast ladder access shall be provided for:

• Items that require occasional operating, access including valves,
spectacle blind and motor operated valves, and heater, stack sampling
points.
• Man ways above grade on equipment.
4.1.10.8 Ladder location

• Wherever practicable, ladder shall be so arranged that users face
equipment or platform rather than facing open space.
• An intermediate landing shall be provided whenever elevation to be
reached exceeds 9m (30ft). Landings shall be staggered.

• Side entry for ladder is always preferable to front entry.

• Cage shall be provided to ladder for safety whenever the ladder
exceeds 2.5 m height.
4.1.10.9 Clearances
Minimum clearances shall be indicated in Annexure B.
4.2 UNIT PIPING
4.2.1 Basis of Unit Piping
• Piping and Instrument Diagram.

• Equipment layout
• Equipment data sheet & Setting plan.
• Line list.
• Instrument data sheet
• Structural & building drawings
• Topography of the plant
• Piping material specification
• Overall plot plan
The following objective shall be ascertained during piping layout.
Proper access to all operating points including valves and for all orifice tapping points and
instruments in particular (Refer Annexure A).
Proper access to inter-related operating points for specific purpose and for maintenance.
4.2.2 Pipe ways/Rack Piping
Racks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possible run and to provide clear head
rooms over main walkways, secondary walkways and platforms.
Minimum spacing between adjacent lines shall be decided based on O.D. of bigger size flange
(minimum rating 300# to be considered). O.D. of the smaller pipe, individual insulation
thickness and additional 25mm clearance, preferably. Wherever even if the flange is not
appearing the min. spacing shall be based on above basis.
Actual line spacing, especially at ‘L’ bend and loop locations, shall take care of thermal
expansion/thermal contraction/non expansion of adjacent line. Non-expansion/thermal
contraction may stop the free expansion of the adjacent line at ‘L’ bend location.
Process lines crossing units (within units or from unit to main pipe way) are normally provided
with a block valve, spectacle blind and drain valve. Block valves are to be grouped and
locations of block valves in vertical run of pipe are preferred. If the block valves have to be
located in an overhead pipe way, staircase access to a platform above the lines shall be
provided.
Branches from main headers shall be preferably taken from top.
Interconnecting platforms shall be provided between pipe rack and technological structures.
Following considerations shall be taken while making piperack piping arrangement.

• Largest and heaviest line to the outside.

• Group Steam & condensate lines on top tier with largest and hottest at rack
edge.
• Small bore Utility and instrument lines at top level canter
• Large bore cooling water lines on bottom level (at rack edge) as most
consumers will be at grade. Possibility to be checked to run line underground
• Rack take-offs and change in directions of headers will generally be executed
by a change of elevation except for relief / safety valve headers which maintain
a gradual slope to KO drum.
• Sometimes, equipment elevation and line destination dictate the rack
elevation. As a general rule, short distance process line will occupy the lower
level, and longer distance lines occupy the middle and top level. Utility header
will normally run on the top level.
• In general lines that enter and leave the pipe rack from above the top level are
positioned on top level and lines that enter and leave the pipe rack from below
the lower levels are positioned at lower level.
• Special consideration must be given to the flare or relief header. This line
should slope in the direction of the flare KO drum and should not be pocketed.
• Flare headers shall be at the edge of the rack to accommodate flat expansion
loops that may be required.
• Elevation of bottom tier of the pipe rack shall be fixed such that 4000mm clear
space shall be left from grade, even when lines are dropped from the bottom
tier.
• When structural beams are installed for supporting the lines dropping from the
bottom rack, clear space of 3500mm (min) shall be available from bottom of
steel for vehicle movement.
• Consecutive tier elevations are fixed considering the maximum line sizes that
is located on the rack tiers and standardized across all the tiers.
• Generally the top tier is to be kept for Instrument cable ducts. Electrical cable
trays shall be located as per Electrical Specifications.
Anchors on the racks are to be provided on the anchor bay if the concept of anchor bay is
adopted. Otherwise anchors shall be distributed over two to three consecutive bays.
4.2.3 Column/Vessel Piping/Control Valves
Piping from column shall drop or rise immediately upon leaving the nozzle and run parallel
and close as practicable to vessel. Reboiler outlet piping shall be as short as possible with
minimum bends.
Piping shall be grouped as far as possible for the ease of supports and shall run on the rack
side of the column.
Manholes shall be kept on the roadside of the column and shall be approachable from the
platform. Platform width shall be such that minimum 1M space is available beyond manhole
for movement.
Piping shall be supported from cleats welded on the vessel as far as possible.
Proper guides at recommended intervals shall be provided for long vertical lines.

Access platforms/ladders shall be provided along the column for valves and instruments.
Minimum clear width of platform shall be 750mm.
For ease of operation and maintenance, column and vessels, which are grouped together, shall
have their platforms at the same elevation to the extent possible & should be interconnected
by walkways. Also, these platforms need to independent of each other. However each
Column/Vessel shall have independent access also. Column/Vessel platform should be
designed in such a way that all nozzles, critical instruments, critical spring/hanger, critical valves
or spectacle blinds should be approachable either from platforms or ladders depends on size
and elevation of item to be operated.
Unless specifically indicated in P& IDs control valves shall preferably be kept at grade or on
technological platform.
Piping intended for vacuum services shall be routed as short as possible with minimum bends
and flanged joints.
Piping support cleats for safety valves shall be independent meant for safety valves only & shall
be designed considering impact loading during popping off.
Utility connections nozzles shall be from side/ top.
4.2.4 Exchanger Piping
Exchanger Piping shall not run in the way of built in or mobile handling facilities.
Wrench clearance shall have to be provided at exchanger flanges.
Piping shall be arranged so that they do not hinder removal of shell end and channel cover and
withdrawal of tube bundle. Whenever required, to facilitate the removal of tube bundle / head
cover, break up flanges shall be providing in the piping.
4.2.5 Heater/Furnace Piping
Arrange piping to permit burner removal by providing break up flanges in the piping. All piping
to burner including the utility headers shall have clear headroom. The grade shall be kept clear
for maintenance and access to the heaters all around.
Burner valves shall be located close to peepholes for operation so that adjustment can be made
while observing the flame from working level.
Piping to Burners shall be arranged in such a way so as to give equal and sufficient quantity of
oil/gas to all burners.
Only flexible metallic SS (SS316/SS304) hoses shall be used for burner piping if required.
Block valves for emergency, snuffing steam valve shall be located at recommended distance
away from the heater, preferably on the upwind side of the heater.
Piping from various passes of heater outlet nozzles should preferably be symmetrical. Transfer
line from heater to column shall be as short as possible, without pockets, free draining towards
column and with minimum bends.

No piping shall be routed in the tube withdrawal area. If unavoidable, break up flanges shall be
provided in the piping for removal.
4.2.6 Pump Piping
Pump drives shall have clear all-round access.
Pump suction piping shall be as short as possible. Piping to be arranged such that it is free
draining to the pump from the vessel as far as possible. Reducer used shall be eccentric type
with flat side UP to avoid accumulation of gas pocket.
For End suction pumps, a minimum straight length of 3D to 5D (depending on the vendor) is
recommended between the nozzle and the first elbow.
Pump discharge check valve to be installed in vertical lines shall be fitted with a drain
connection as close as possible downstream of the valve OR as specified in P&ID.
Unless otherwise specified T-type strainers shall be used on pump suction piping for sizes 2”
and above Y-type strainers are to be used for all sizes in steam services and for pump suction
lines below 2”.
All small-bore piping connected to pump (drain to OWS & CBD, seat and gland leak drain) shall
have provision for break up flanges for removal of pumps.
Piping shall be so arranged that forces and moments imposed on the pump nozzle do not
exceed the allowable values as recommended by manufacturer.
Pump discharge should preferably be routed away from pump rather than towards the motor
side. Pump cooling water connection shall be taken from the top of the circulating cooling water
header.
Suction and discharge valves shall be located at operable height on ground or on the platform.
4.2.7 Compressor Piping
Suction lines shall be as short as possible. Suction piping shall have adequate flanged joints
for ease of erection and maintenance.
Locate the lube oil cooler space to facilitate tube bundle removal.
All operating valves on main suction and discharge piping shall be lined on one side as far as
possible. A minimum straight length of suction pipe is to be provided as per manufacturer’s
recommendation.
Strainers shall be installed at ground / platform level.
Piping shall be designed so that forces and moments imposed on the compressor do not
exceed the manufacturer’s recommendation. Compressor suction lines between the knockout
drum and the compressor shall be as short as practicable & shall be without pockets.
Where the line between knockout drum and the compressor cannot be routed without pocket,
low point in compressor line shall be provided with drains to remove any possible accumulation
of liquid, but after taking clearance from process licensor.

Low points in the discharge line from an air compressor shall be avoided because it is possible
for lube oil to be trapped and subsequently ignited. If low points are unavoidable, they shall be
provided with drains.
In case of reciprocating compressor, piping shall be suitably supported to avoid vibrations due
to pulsating flow. Unless specific requirements of no pockets is there from the licensor, all the
piping shall run suitably 500mm above grade level so that proper supports can be provided and
also to minimize vibrations. Analog study shall be carried out for complete compressor piping
including suction/discharge piping as per P&ID and the study recommendations if any, shall be
implemented.
Reciprocating compressor piping shall be provided independent supports from grade & shall
not be supported from compressor shed/platform structure.
The small bore branches shall be suitably braced to avoid undue vibration during operation.
4.2.8 Relief system/Blow down Piping
Relief of liquids and easily condensable hydrocarbon are usually discharged to a closed
system.
Wherever the inlet line size is higher than the safety valve inlet size, reducer shall be installed
adjacent to inlet of safety valve.
Relief valve discharging steam, air or other non-flammable vapors or gas directly to atmosphere
shall be equipped with drain or suitably piped to prevent accumulation of liquid at valve outlet.
Liquid phase blow down system piping connected to a closed system shall be self-draining to
the blow down drum. Closed blow down header shall be sloped towards the CBD drum to
assure free drainage.
Liquid vapor phase relief valves shall discharge into the flare header at an angle 45 degrees in
the direction of header flow, to minimize the reaction forces and to avoid accumulation of liquid.
Flare line / relief line shall have no Pockets and free draining & sloping to the knock out drum
Inlet and outlet piping of pressure relief valve shall be adequately supported to take care of
the thrust induced by the relief valve during popping.
Reaction forces including both momentum and static pressure effects due to safety valve
popping shall be ascertained in the connected piping according to API RP 520 for system
discharging to atm. The effect of these forces on the piping supports and the anchors of the
piping system shall be calculated to ascertain that the allowable limits at these locations are
not exceeded. The supporting structure also shall be adequately designed so that when
subjected to these reaction forces the supporting elements connected to piping as well as the
basic supporting structure i.e. platform members etc. are capable of withstanding them. System
stresses in the inlet and outlet piping portions at safety valves also shall be kept within the
allowable limits, inclusive of the distribution branching points in the inlet portion. These reactive
forces shall not lead to any leakage at the flanged joints present in the system. To ascertain
this the necessary calculations for checking leakage at the flanged joints shall be performed.
4.2.9 Steam Piping
4.2.9.1 Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR)

Steam lines with conditions listed below fall in the scope of IBR.
Lines having design pressure (maximum working pressure) above 3.5

kg/cm2 (g). Line sizes above 10” inside diameter having design pressure
1.0 kg/cm2 (g) & above
Lines with design pressure less than 1.0 kg/cm2 (g) are excluded.
Boiler feed water lines to steam generator, condensate lines to steam

generator and flash drum as marked in P&ID shall be under purview of IBR.
4.2.9.2 IBR Requirements (in brief)
All materials used on lines falling under IBR must be accompanied with IBR
Inspection Certificate in original. Alternatively, photocopy of the original
certificate duly countersigned and attested by local boiler inspector is
acceptable. Leading Inspection authority viz. Lloyds, EIL etc are authorized
inspection authorities for IBR outside India. Whereas for Indian supply only
IBR is the inspection authority.
IBR authority of state in which the system is being installed must also
approve drawings like general Arrangement Drawings (GAD) and
isometrics of lines falling under IBR.
All welders used on fabrication of IBR system must possess IBR welding
qualification certificate.
IBR system must be designed according to IBR regulations as well as

ASME B31.3. IBR authority must approve all design calculations towards
the same.
IBR approval is obtained with requisite fees payable to Indian Boiler Board
of the state concerned.
Steam generators (boilers or heat exchangers) shall be required exclusive

IBR approval along with its integral piping up to the final isolation valve.
The discretion of IBR authority of state is final & binding for the above cases.
4.2.10 Steam Header and Supply Lines
Steam header shall be located generally on the upper tier and at one end of the rack adjacent
to columns. However, for revamp units, existing philosophy will be followed.
Steam lines shall be suitably insulated for personnel protection.
Branch lines from horizontal steam header, except condensate collection points, shall be
connected to the top of the pipe header. Isolation valves (if provided) on the branch line shall
preferably be provided on the horizontal run and outside the pipe rack.
All branch lines shall be drainable.
Drip legs & steam traps shall be provided at all low points and dead ends of steam header. Drip
legs at low points shall be closer to down stream riser and shall be provided to suit bi directional

flows, if applicable. All turbines on automatic control for start up shall be provided with a steam
trap in the steam inlet line.
All traps shall be of thermodynamic type & shall be provided with strainers if integral strainers
are not provided. For LP & MP steam trap shall be suitable for 42 bar max. op. pressure.
For HP steam traps shall be suitable for 62 bar max op. pressure. For SHP steam traps shall
be suitable for 120 bar max op. pressure.
Steam traps discharging to atmosphere shall be connected to storm water drain/storm sewer
or underground condensate collection system.
Expansion loops are to be provided to take care of the expansions within units.
Wherever condensate is to be drained, proper condensate draining facility shall be provided.
4.2.11 Steam Tracing/Steam Jacketing
4.2.11.1 Steam tracing system (if applicable)
Tracers for the individual lines shall be supplied from manifolds when there
are two or more connections.
Standard module for steam distribution and condensate collection

manifolds with glandless integral piston valve shall be used. Number of
tracers shall be 4/8/12 and tracer size ½” or ¾” depending upon the detail
engg-requirement. 20% or minimum 2 nos. tracer connections shall be kept
spare for future use for both steam supply and condensate collection
manifolds. All manifolds shall be installed in vertical position and manifold
size shall be 1.5”.
For Steam tracing balanced pressure thermostatic steam trap suitable for
21 bar max. op. pressure (200 sub cool) with 40 mesh strainer to be used.
Steam manifolds shall be located at upper levels in pipe rack, accessible

from a platform whereas condensate manifolds shall be located on grade.
Pockets in steam tracers shall be avoided as far as possible.
Tracers shall be limited to the following run length upstream of traps:
Tracers shall generally be of ½”. Tracers shall be of CS steel seamless

pipe and valves on the steam tracing circuit including steam station block
valve shall be glandless piston valve.
Following shall be used for maintaining length of ½ “tracer in open & closed
system (excluding supply and return lines)
Size Length of tracer pipe (M)

of
tracer
Steam operating pressure
(inch)
300
20 psig 50 psig 100 psig 150 psig 200 psig 250 psig psig&
above

0.5” 23 38 46 53 61 69 76
The lead line to manifold, steam supply manifold, manifold up to the block
valves of individual tracer shall be carbon steel of IBR quality.
Size of lead line to the manifold shall be 1 ½ “.
Tracer lines shall be provided with break up flanges for main line flange
joints and valves.
All tracers shall have individual steam traps before condensate manifolds.
Condensate manifold including the last valve on individual tracer shall be
of carbon steel.
All steam traps discharging to a closed system shall have a block valves
upstream and downstream of the trap. A bypass globe valve shall be
installed around the trap. Check valve shall be installed on the downstream
of the steam trap near the condensate header in case discharging to a
closed system.
All steam tracer lines shall be welded as per approved Welding

Specification followed by hydro test.
Number of tracers required on a line shall be as follows:
Size of Line Number of Tracers

Up to 4” 1
6” to 16” 2
18” to 24” 3
26” & above To calculate
4.2.11.2 Steam Jacketing System (If applicable)
A Steam Jacketed pipe consists of a product line, which passes through the
center of a larger diameter steam line.
The normal size of the inner pipe (CORE) and outer pipe (JACKET) in
inches shall be as per table below unless otherwise mentioned in project
piping material specification (PMS) or P&ID.
Steam feeder to
Core pipe Jacket pipe
jacket
¾” 1.1/2” 0.5”
1 2 0.5”
1.1/2” 3” 0.5”
2” 3” 0.5”
3” 4” 0.5”
4” 6” 0.75”
6” 8” 0.75”

8” 10” 0.75”
10” 12” 0.75”
Baffle plates, flanged joints or end caps shall be used to discontinue one
feed length from the next. The size of steam feeder to jacket shall be
generally as per above table or as specified in job specification for jacketing.
For jacketed lines using high pressure steam, actual calculations for core
jacket and feeder pipe shall be performed before finalization of sizing.
Flanged jump overs shall be used in case of Flanged joint. Incase of

discontinuous jacketing simple jump overs shall be employed. The length
of jacket shall be 4 to 5 meters or as mentioned in job specification.
Intermediate partial baffles shall be provided if a separate branch portion is

to be heated from the main line stream.
Seam inlet to jacket shall generally be provided from top of the pipe in case
of horizontal lines. The jumpovers and condensate outlets shall be from the
bottom.
In case of vertical lines steam inlet shall be done at the topmost points and
condensate outlet shall be done from the lowest possible points. Two
consecutive jumpovers shall be 180 deg apart.
Each feed length shall be provided with individual trap before connecting to
condensate recovery headers.
Balanced pressure / bi-metallic type thermostatic steam traps with 40 mesh

strainer shall be used in jacketing.
To keep proper concentricity between core and jacket pipe internal guides
(rods or flat bars) shall be provided at intervals depending in the size of the
pipe.
Wherever anchors are provided on jacket lines proper interconnection of

jacket pipe and core pipe shall have to be provided with proper jumpovers
for steam.
4.2.12 Utility Station
Requisite number of Utility Stations shall be provided throughout the unit to cater for the utility
requirement. Utility Stations shall have four connections (One for LP steam, one for Plant Air
(AP) and one for Service Water (SW) each of 1”) and other for Nitrogen, unless otherwise
specified in P&ID. Air and water line shall have quick type hose connection and steam line shall
have flange type hose connection & shall be directed downward. All connections shall have
globe valve for isolation purpose. Inert gas hose, when required, shall have built in non return
valve and quick connection coupling at piping end.
Number of Utility Stations shall be such that all equipment shall be approachable from at least
one Utility Station. The approach of Utility Station shall be considered 15m all around the station
location.
The Utility Stations shall generally be located adjacent to pipe-rack column. The Utility Stations
shall also be provided on elevated structures, operating platforms of vertical equipments etc.
Operating platforms having manholes must be accessible from Utility Station.

4.2.13 Electrical Tracing
Electrical heat tracing shall be provided for pipelines wherever shown in P& ID’s. All instruments
coming on these lines shall also be electrically heat traced. The electrical heat tracing for
instruments/ valves/ flanges shall be done in such a manner that servicing of instruments/
opening of valves / servicing of flanges is possible without disconnecting of wiring and with
ease. Insulation materials, applications etc. Shall be based on recommendations of standard
specification for hot insulation of vessels, piping and equipments. Insulation material and
thickness shall be as per ‘process design basis’.
Fire Fighting
All firefighting facilities shall be as per TAC & OISD/NFPA norms whichever is stringent.
For detailed guidelines refer design basis for fire fighting system document No:
H003-E-UTL-FFS-BM-N-E-022.
4.3 OFFSITE & YARD PIPING
In general, offsite piping (except tankages area), electrical cable & instrumentation cable shall
be laid either on pipe rack or on pipe sleepers.
Bottom of pipe elevation run on sleeper shall be minimum 300mm and 500 mm or more in low
lying areas wherever flooding situation/ water logging is envisaged. The area below the pipes
laid on the sleepers in offsite should be hard surfaced or strengthened throughout the length
and breadth of the offsite pipe corridor plus one meter on either side of the corridor for
movement of operational and maintenance persons. The operational/ Maintenance pathway
need to be provided with approach pathway from the roads at relevant intervals.
Overhead pipe bridges shall be used for pipes at road crossings. Culverts if required may be
provided but to be minimized. Pipe bridges/ culverts shall be adequately designed to take care
of future requirement.
Clearances between lines shall be minimum “C” as given below:
C= (do + Df)/2 + 25 mm + Insulation thickness
Where. do = Outside diameter of smaller pipe (mm)
Df = Outside diameter of flange of bigger pipe (mm) (min.300#)

However this ‘C’ spacing between the offsite piping on the rack or sleeper can be suitably
increased so that the lines should not touch each other after insulation or lateral expansion.
Adequate clearances shall be provided for very long & high temperature lines to avoid
clashing at the bends.
Expansion loops for all lines shall generally be kept at the same location.
Vents shall be provided on all high points and drains shall be provided at all low points.
Drain valve shall be suitably located for ease of operation. Drain valves at sleeper piping shall
be kept outside the sleeper way. If the same is not accessible and valves shall be put in
horizontal only. At all such places where piping is extended to make drain valves accessible
2 No. of stiffeners, irrespective of pipe rating shall be provided. Also, support with proper
spacing of guides shall be provided.

4.4 TANK FARM PIPING
The number of pipelines in the tank dyke shall be kept at minimum and shall be routed in the
shortest practicable way to main pipe track outside the tank dyke, with adequate allowance
for expansion. Within one tank dyke the piping connected to that tank shall only be routed.
Pipes crossing the dyke wall shall pass through a sleeve suitably sealed.
Manifolds shall be located outside the tank dyke and by the sides of the road, easily
accessible by the walkway.
Plug valves whenever specified shall be of pressure balance type.
Analysis shall be carried out to prevent damage to lines and tank connection caused by tank
settlement.
If exceptionally high settlement is expected it shall be taken care during stress analysis.
For flexibility analysis and supporting refer clause 4.8.
Special consideration shall be given as regards to spacing of nozzles while installing special
item like hammer blind, Motor Operated Valves etc.
Valves shall be operable from walkways/ platforms. Platforms shall be provided if valves are
not operable from walkways.
4.5 FLARE PIPING
Flare header shall be sloped towards flare knockout drum. Horizontal loop shall be
provided as per requirement to accommodate thermal expansion. The desired slope shall be
ensured throughout including flat loop Flare header shall be supported on shoe of height
ranging from 100mm to 300mm.
Proper thermal analysis temperature shall be established including the possibility of

temperature gradient along the line before providing expansion loops. Efforts shall be made to
minimize the number of loops.
Flare line between knockout drum and water seal drum shall be designed for pressure
fluctuation and adequately supported to avoid vibrations.
4.6 UNDERGROUND PIPING

All underground C.S/M.S pipes shall be as per the Piping Material Specification document H03-
-E-LPG-PIP-BM-S-E-001 .
4.7 SEWERS
4.7.1 General
Storm water drains shall not be combined with oily waste sewer (OWS)/ Sanitary Waste
Sewer (SWS)/combined sewer system.

OWS within process unit from the equipments and area around equipment pumps (by providing
curb wall) shall be collected and shall be sent to EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP). OWS
from tank farm and other offsites areas shall be sent to ETP by gravity.
Configuration of sewer shall be done in such a way to have minimum depth of sewer. The exact
depth shall be decided during detailed engineering.
All underground C.S. pipes shall be provided with corrosion resistance protection for service
temperature up to 60oC as per specifications. All CBD lines with service temperature more than
60oC shall be provided with inorganic zinc silicate primer followed by HB coal tar epoxy coating.
Corrosion resistant protection given to underground CS pipe shall extend up to min. 300 mm.
above/ beyond grade on both sides.
The maximum depth of sewer (invert level) shall be kept minimum possible. In case of high
water table, the maximum depth shall be limited to 1.0 M below the water table.
If the above is not feasible to be achieved by gravity, the system shall be suitably supplemented
with a pumping system.
4.7.2 Cover for Sewer Line
Minimum cover over sewer line shall be 600 mm. Under road, sewer shall be protected by
concrete encasement and minimum cushion shall be 1200 mm.
4.8 FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS AND SUPPORTING
4.8.1 Pipe Supporting Criteria & General Guidelines
Piping system shall be properly supported taking into account of the following points:
a) Sustained Loads
b) Occasional loads
c) Thermal loads
For details of the above loads, refer Stress Design Basis H003-E-LPG-PIP-BM-N-E-002.
Pipe supporting shall preferably follow the basic span as given in Annexure C. except for flare
line in offsite on trestles in which case the basic span shall be restricted to maximum 18.0
meters. For sizes not covered in Annexure C, basic span shall be established based on project
requirement. For piping on the rack or sleepers, as a minimum providing resting support on
every grid of pipe rack/sleepers is mandatory. Depending on the pipe size as a rule guides
shall be provided on straight run of pipes.
Additional supports, guides, anchors, special supports like spring supports and sway braces
shall be provided based on detailed analysis of piping system to restrict the forces on
nozzles of critical items like pumps, compressors, turbines, exchangers, etc.
Adequate care shall be taken for small bore (1.1/2” and below) branch from piping.
As a rule, for all lines in 600# and above classes, lines having two phase flow and lines having
pulsating flow such as discharge of reciprocating pump & reciprocating compressors, all small
bore branches e.g. vents, drain, orifice taps, pressure tapping, temperature tapping, sample

connections, PSV inlet, TSV inlet etc. shall be provided with 2 no. stiffeners at 90o to each other
from the main pipe to impart adequate stiffness to the branch connection. The stiffeners shall
be made from 6mm thick, 40 mm wide flats of material equivalent to the pipe material. Further,
irrespective of line rating, the stiffeners shall be provided for all orifice taps, all small bore
tapping from PSV inlet/outlet lines and all small bore tapping from control valve manifold.
Flexibility Analysis Criteria & General Guidelines
Piping shall be analyzed for expansion, contraction, differential settlement, relief valve reaction
and effects mentioned at Clause 4.8.1
The design of piping systems shall take into account the different conditions expected during
operation, start-up, shut-down, cold branch in case of standby pump, tracing, etc. Hydrocarbon
lines shall be designed for steam-out conditions, if specified in process document. System
where combinations of different operating conditions are envisaged; such systems shall be
analyzed for all possible combinations.
The use of expansion joints shall be considered only when space or pressure drop limitation
does not permit pipe bends. Expansion joint of axial type shall generally be avoided.
Forces and moments due to weight, thermal loads and other imposed loads on the equipment
nozzle must not exceed the allowable loads for the equipment. In case the same is exceeded,
categorical written confirmation of acceptance of the higher loads shall be obtained from the
equipment supplier.
Further detailed specifications about Piping Stress analysis, criterion and supporting, refer
Stress Design basis H003-E-LPG-PIP-BM-N-E-002
4.9 MATERIALS AND SELECTION OF PIPES AND FITTINGS
Detailed Piping Material Specification (PMS) shall be prepared based on basic material
selection of particular line depending on its service, temperature and corrosivity as spelt in
process packages as per the requirements stated herewith, except wherever specified as per
Licensor’s requirements. A basic piping material specification is enclosed in reference
DOCUMENT NO: H03--E-LPG-PIP-BM-S-E-001.
4.9.1 Pipe
Wall thickness
Calculation of pipe thickness and branch reinforcement shall be based on requirements of
ASME B 31.3/ IBR as applicable. Proper corrosion allowance and mill tolerance shall be
considered to achieve the selecting nominal thickness.
For carbon steel and low alloy steel pipes minimum pipe thickness shall be as follows:-
▪ XS (S80)’up to 1.5”NB
▪ STD (S40)’ for 2” to 6”NB
▪ S20 for 8” to 12”NB

▪ S10’ for 14”NB

▪ 6 mm’ for 16” to 24”NB
▪ 8 mm’ for 26” to 36”NB
▪ 10 mm’ for 38” to 48”NB
▪ 12 mm’ for 50” NB and above
For stainless pipes minimum pipe thickness shall be:-

‘40S’ up to 1.5”NB
‘10S’ for above 2”NB & above.
The philosophy of minimum thickness/schedule is applicable for both seamless and welded
pipes.
The above mentioned minimum thickness/schedule criteria is not applicable to category –D

classes, firewater service where IS pipes are being used.
Pipe size
Pipe size shall normally be ½”, ¾”, 1”, 1.1/2”, 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”, 14”, 16”, 18”, 20”,24”,
26”, 30”, 36”, 40”, 44”, 48”, 52”, 56”, 60”, 64”, 72”, 78”, 80”.
For types of pipes used, refer Detailed Piping Material Specification doc.: H03-E-LPG-PIP-BM-
S-E-001.
4.9.2 Fittings:
Type of fittings shall be equivalent to pipe type.
Thickness of fittings at ends to match pipe thickness for BW fittings. For types of Fittings used,
refer detailed Piping Material Specification doc. H03-E-LPG-PIP-BM-S-E-001.
4.9.3 Flanges:
All Flanges shall be follow the dimensional standard of ASME B16.5 (upto 24”) & 16.47 (>24”)
All flange joints on piping system including flanges on equipment; manhole etc. shall be
tightened using hydraulic bolt tensioner as per the requirement given in the following table &
the stud bolt length shall be longer by one diameter to facilitate bolt tensioning and shall have
extra nut to protect the longer length of threads:
Nominal Bolt Diameter Conditions Remarks

When specified by process
All
licensor/vendor/project specifications
Except under Cat- D service, as
50 mm & over All joints
defined in ASME-B 31.3
Class 600 & above
38 mm & above & below Cat-M service as per ASME B 31.3
50 mm Joints with leakage potential (Note-1)
Critical joints with equipments (Note-2)
25 mm & above & below Joints with leakage potential (Note-1)
38mm Critical joints with equipments (Note-2)

Notes:
1. Joints with leakage potential shall include
• Joints involving tapped holes
• Item not subjected to hydro test e.g. Joints for equipment manholes, equipment
mounted temp, pressure & level instruments, line mounted temp connections, online
instrument joints like control valves and safety valves, compressor volume bottles.
• Items involving two sets of gaskets with one set of bolt e.g. Orifice flange joint & joints
with spectacle blind, spacer, flangeless wafer check valves, and wafer type butterfly
valves.
• Tie in joints with other contractors & package vendors.
• High temperature (above 3700 C) joints in hydrocarbon service.
2. Critical joints with equipments shall include inlet and outlet flanges of pumps, compressors, &
turbines.
For flanged assemblies not covered under the requirements of hydraulic bolt tensioning but
falling in the following categories. Bolt torquing using pre-specified torque value shall be
employed:
Service Classes (as per ASME B16.5)

Hydrogen service All
Category-M services as per ASME B31.3 All
Other services 600#& above
4.9.4 Gaskets
No flat ring non metallic CAF gaskets shall be used in plant.

Gasket shall be as per ASME B 16.20 & ASME B 16.21. For detailed specifications of gasket
refer Piping Material Specification doc.: H03-E-LPG-PIP-BM-S-E-001.
4.9.5 Valves
SW valves up to 1.1/2 inch – for 150#,300#, 600# ANSI Class (except ball and plug valves) Ball
and plug valves shall be flanged for all sizes.
Flanged valve : Above 1.1/2” – 150#, 300#, 600# ANSI Class
Over & above the requirements specified in clause 4.9.1 through 4.9.5, other technical
requirements prescribed Piping Material Specification H003-E-LPG-PIP-BM-S-E-001.
4.9.6 Non Destructive Examination (NDE) Requirements (If not specified in PMS)
Depending on the severity of application, extent of NDE shall be decided. As a rule, all
hydrogen, oxygen, NACE and any other lethal service shall have 100% radiography on weld
joints in all class ratings.
For high pressure applications i.e. 900# upward 100% radiography on butt weld joints shall be
employed. In 100 %radiography classes any fillet welds employed shall have 100% DP/MP test
in CS/AS classes and 100% DP test in SS classes.

Category ‘D’ service as per ASME B 31.3 does not require radiography.
Butt welds for Class in 150# for normal hydrocarbon service shall be subjected to 10%
radiography and fillet welds to 10% DP/MP test for CS & AS and 10% DP test for SS.
Butt welds for Classes 300# & 600# for normal hydrocarbon service shall be subjected to 20%
radiography and fillet welds to 20% DP/MP test for CS & AS and 20% DP test for SS.
For firewater service, IBR etc., radiography shall be as per statutory requirement.
4.9.7 Strainers
Generally Strainer shall be as per following, unless otherwise specified in P&ID or as per
Licensor’s requirements.
• 4” & below for all services shall be Y-type

• 2” & above for steam service shall be Y-type
• 6” & above for other than steam services shall be T-type
• strainer shall be as per process data sheet
4.10 THERMAL INSULATION OF PIPING, EQUIPMENT & VESSELS
4.10.1 Hot insulation
Insulation materials application etc. shall be based on recommendations of standard

Specification for insulation. Insulation thickness on piping shall be as per process design basis.
4.10.2 Cold insulation
Insulation materials, applications etc. shall be based on recommendation of standard

Specification for insulation. Insulation thickness on piping shall be as per process design basis.
4.11 PAINTING
Painting materials, applications etc. shall be based on recommendations of Job Specification

for Shop & Field Painting.
5.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS
The following latest codes and standards shall be followed unless otherwise specified.
ASME SEC. I - Rules for Construction of Power Boilers.
ASME SEC. II, Part C - Material specification: Welding rods, electrodes, filler metals.
ASME SEC.VIII - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels.
ASME SEC. IX - Welding & Brazing Qualifications.
ASME B31.1 - Power piping.
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping
ASME B31.4 - Pipeline Transportation system for liquid hydrocarbons & other
liquids

ASME B31.8 - Guide for Gas Transmission and Piping distribution system
ANSI/NEMA SM 23 - Steam turbines for mechanical drive service.
API RP 520 - Sizing, selection and installation of Pressure relieving

devices in Refineries.
API Std. 560 - Fired heaters
API Std. 610 - Centrifugal pumps for Petroleum, Heavy-duty chemical and
gas industry service.
API Std. 617 - Centrifugal compressors for petroleum, chemical and gas
industry service.
API Std. 618 Reciprocating Compressors for petroleum, chemical & gas
industry
API Std. 661 - Air cooled heat exchangers.
TEMA - Tubular Heat Exchanger Manufacturing Association.
EJMA - Expansion Joints Manufacturers’ Association.
OISD-113 - Classification of area for electrical installation at Hydrocarbon

and handling facility.
OISD-116 - Fire protection facility for Petroleum Refineries and Oil/Gas

Processing Plants.
OISD-118 - Layouts for Oil and Gas Installations.
OISD-141 - Design and construction requirements for Cross Country

hydrocarbon pipelines
IBR - Indian Boiler Regulations.
NACE MR-0103 - Materials Resistant to Sulfide Stress Cracking in Corrosive

Petroleum Refining Environments
NACE MR-0175 - Sulphide Stress cracking resistant metallic materials for

oilfield equipment.
NACE MR-0177 - Laboratory testing of metals for resistance to Sulphide Stress

cracking in H2S Environments.
NACE MR-0284 - Evaluation of pipeline and pressure vessel steel for

resistance to Hydrogen Induced Cracking.
TAC - Rules of TAC for

- Fire Protection Manual (Internal appliances, fire
Engines/Trailer pumps and hydrant system)
- Sprinkler System
- Water Spray System

IS: 5572 - Classification of Hazardous area (other than mines) for

electrical installation part I.
Petroleum Rules - petroleum Rules 2002

Applicable OISD Standards
6.0 JOB SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Sr. No. ITEM JOB SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT

1. Equipment spacing
Minimum Pipe Rack(ISBL)
width/span As per OISD norms & Licensor requirements
2. As per requirements
(Main Pipe Rack)
3. Spare Capacity on Rack/Sleeper 25%
4. Cooling Water Lines As per BEDB
300mm min. and 500mm or more (in low
5. Height of sleeper
lying area) above FGL/pavement
6. Fin-Fan cooler location On Pipe rack / Tech structure top.
Location of Pumps:
7. - In Units Outside the pipe rack
- In Offsite In Pump House
Required for motor rating 75 KW & above,
complete with chain pulley block for each
8. Requirements of monorail on pumps
monorail.
Monorail & chain pulley block in
technological structure including upper levels
Requirement for exchanger bundle
with adequate platform at upper level for
9. removal
maintenance and removal of tube bundles.
Monorail and chain pulley block none in
open area.
10. Battery Limit valves operation Operable from grade (except flare)
11. Pipe way road crossing Culvert/Overhead pipe bridges as applicable
Electrical cable routing under- Ground/above As per Electrical Specifications
12. ground
13. Any requirement of statutory approval OISD / CCOE / IBR Regulations.
Instrument cable routing (ISBL/
14. As per Instrument-Design Basis
OSBL)
Safety shower/eye wash in case of
15. As per P&ID
chemical/catalyst handling system.
16. Requirement ofall
Connectivity of elevators
platforms at Not envisaged for LPG plant facilities
17. wherever feasible
higher elevations for tall columns
Compressor/blower for ISBL as
well as OSBL
18. a) Location Under Shed
b) Maintenance Requirement E.O.T. ( H.O.T. wherever specified )
19. Instrument Air Drier Shed As applicable
Insulation Material
- Hot
As per Basic Engineering design basis and
20. - Electrical tracing
Standard specification for Insulation
- Cold
- Safety
21. Type of environment for selection Refinery & sea coast

of painting system.
22. Method of Surface preparation Blast Cleaning
23. Sand Blasting/Grit blasting Grit Blasting
24. Painting of SS pipes below insulation As per painting Specification
25. Specific colour coding requirements As per painting Specification
26. Usage of IS grade material Limited to Cat ‘D’ and fire water services
Provision for high settlement in tank Shall be taken care through ‘Flexibility of
27. Piping’.
farm
For new units and wherever feasible in
existing units standard module for steam
distribution and condensate collection
28. Steam Tracing Type
manifolds with integral glandless piston
valve and thermostatic steam trap.
29. Bulk Material Supplier PMC / Approved vendor list.
Electronic 3D Modelling
30. Engineering Drawing Mode (Refer Document 3D Modeling
Requirements)
Specific software package for SP3D – for 3D Modeling
31.
engineering drawings Auto CAD – for 2D
32. Stress Analysis package CAESAR-II ( latest version)
33. Access to nozzles of columns Platforms for all Nozzles
34. Height of pipe support pedestals 150mm
Except for small bore and steam service and
wherever
35. T-type strainers
Specified otherwise.
U/G & A/G cooling water lines and
36. As per PMS
Fire water lines
Two Phase flow line analysis with slug/plug
flow &
37. Dynamic Stress analysis
For Transfer lines.
Technological structure to be
38. Connectivity of the technological structure
interconnected, where feasible
Fire water Pump house, Compressor house,
39. Requirements of Shades LPG Pumps, Metering & EDG
Refer Document Mandatory Spares (Piping

40. Mandatory Spares Part)
ANNEXURE - A
ACCESIBILITY FOR VALVES & INSTRUMENTS
The following shall be considered as a minimum requirement for accessibility of valves & Instruments:
Access rule for Instruments:
Access
Access Access
via Mobile Comments
Type of Instrument required for via fixed Platform
Fixed
operations platform
Ldder
Thermocouples N A A Y -

Test Thermocouples Y N Y N -
Local Temperature Y N Y N -
Indicator
Pressure Gauge Y Y A N -
Level Glass Y N Y N -
Magnetic Level Y N Y N 1m between lower nozzle
Gauge and floor
Transmitters (All Y A Y
types)
Control Valves, PSVs Y N Y -
All Flow meters Y A A N
Orifice Plates >3m A A
Elevation
LEGEND:
A – Acceptable but not mandatory
Y – Required as Minimum
N – No
Access rule for Valves:
Valves shall be located so that the operator is provided with a safe and easy accessible area for identifying,
operating, inspecting and maintaining. They shall not be accessed by standing on, or with the aid of adjacent
pipe work, racks, cable trays, handrails or any other object:
Valves Access Type (Minimum requirement)

Oper. Valves 2” & smaller Fixed ladder
All Actuated Valves (control, ON/OFF, Shut down etc) Preferably at grade or through fixed platform
Manual Operated Shut down valves Preferably at grade or through fixed platform
Fire Water Ring Main Isolation valves Preferably at grade or through fixed platform
Operational Valves upto 2” Fixed Ladder
Operational valves 3” & above Fixed Platform
Battery limit Valves Fixed Platform
Relief Valves Fixed Platform
Spectacle Blinds Fixed Platform
Vessel Vents Fixed Ladder
Valves shall be arranged confirming to the acceptable range of height and reach limits as shown in below figures

Ergonomic dimension for valve layout -

Vertical Stem
Ergonomic dimension for valve layout –

Horizontal Stem
ANNEXURE - B
CLEARANCES

The clearance on piping arrangement around and between vessels, equipment or machinery shall be such as
to permit mobile maintenance to the equipment and to perform their operations without undue difficulties.
Following typical minimum clearances should be considered for equipments:
Equipment Minimum Horizontal Clearance

Pumps 1000mm between edges
Other equipments (Drums,…) 900mm between edges
Heat Exchanger tube bundle removal space Tube bundle length + 1500mm
Heat Exchanger shell flanges 900mm
Equipments parts removal As Per vendor recommendation
At removable shell cover end of exchangers for access 1500mm
way
Fired heaters to pumps handling flammable stock & other 15m
flammable containing equipments
Equipment Minimum Vertical Clearance

Over rail roads, top of rail to bottom of any obstruction 9m
Over plant roads for major mobile equipment 7m
Over secondary roads (bottom of pipe) and access ways 5m
for mobile equipment
Over grade & bottom of pipe (inside battery limit) at pump 3.5m
row access way
Over walk-ways, pass-ways & platforms to nearest 2.2m
obstruction and inside building
Following typical minimum clearance shall be considered for Piping & other items:
Items Minimum Clearance
Minimum horizontal clearance between pipes in 25mm between edge of flange of bigger pipe and edge
piperack of smaller pipe including insulation
Minimum horizontal clearance between valve 75mm
handwheel and equipment / any obstruction
Vertical Clearance between top of platform / kick plate 150mm
and bottom of flange
Minimum horizontal clearance from manhole edge to 900mm
platform edge
Minimum vertical clearance between center of manhole 750mm (min) to 1200mm (max). 900mm is ideal
to platform
Minimum platform extension required on either side of 900mm either side
manholes
Minimum clear walking space 750mm
Minimum clear operation space 900mm
Minimum clear headroom (vertical clearance) 2100mm
Minimum stairwidth 1000mm
Miminum stairwidth (for Reactors, Compressors, 1200mm
Furnaces) and wherever stretcher movement foreseen
ANNEXURE – C

ALLOWABLE PIPE SUPPORT SPACING FOR PIPES

Maximum Horizontal Pipe Spans for Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Pipes
PIPE DIAMETER ADMISSIBLES PIPE SPANS IN METERS

PIPE PIPE FULL
WALL PIPE PIPE FULL
WALL EMPTY OF TEST
DN INCH THICK EMPTY OF TEST
THICK. WITH FLUID WITH
(mm) . NO FLUID NO
(mm) INSUL. INSUL.
(SCH) INSUL. INSUL.
40mm 40mm
15 0.5” 80 3.73 3.7 3.5 2.6 2.6
20 0.75” 80 3.91 4.2 4.0 3.2 3.1
25 1” 80 4.55 4.8 4.5 3.8 3.6
40 1.5” 80 5.08 5.9 5.4 5.0 4.6
STD/
50 2” 3.91 6.9 5.8 5.7 5.0
40
STD/
80 3” 5.49 8.4 7 6.8 6.0
40
STD/
100 4” 6.02 9.6 7.8 8.0 6.9
40
STD/
150 6” 7.11 11.7 9.1 10.2 8.3
40
200 8” 20 6.35 12 9.5 11.8 8.9
250 10 20 6.35 12 10.1 12 9.4
300 12” 20 6.35 12 10.5 12 9.6
350 14” 20 7.92 12 11.3 12 10.5
400 16” 20 7.92 12 11.7 12 10.9
450 18” 20 7.92 18 11.9 12 11.2
500 20” 20 9.53 18 12 18 12
600 24” 20 9.53 18 12 18 12

700 28” 20 12.7 18 12 18 12
750 30” 20 12.7 18 12 18 12
900 36” 20 12.7 18 12 18 12
Pipe Spans are based on the following assumptions:

1. Lower schedules would require shorter spans.
2. Insulation Density is taken as 200kg/m3 with insulation thickness 40mm.
3. Table is only valid for continuous spans, without overloading (in line items, valves, tees, tie
ins,…) or direction change.
4. Shall be in accordance with piping specification.

ALLOWABLE PIPE SUPPORT SPACING FOR PIPES

Maximum Horizontal Pipe Spans for Stainless steel Pipes
PIPE DIAMETER ADMISSIBLES PIPE SPANS IN METERS

INCH WALL WALL PIPE PIPE FULL PIPE EMPTY PIPE FULL OF
THICK THICK. EMP OF LIQUID WITH TEST FLUID
. (mm) TY NO INSUL. INSUL. WITH INSUL.
(SCH) NO 40mm 40mm
INS
UL.
0.5” 80S 3.73 3.35 3.2 2.3 2.3
0.75” 80S 3.91 4.3 4.1 2.6 2.5
1” 80S 4.55 4.9 4.6 3.3 3.2
1.5” 80S 5.08 5.9 5.5 4.6 4.3
2” 40S 3.91 6.7 6 5.1 4.6
3” 40S 5.49 8.2 7 6.6 5.9
4” 40S 6.02 9.3 7.8 7.7 6.6
6” 40S 7.11 11.4 9.1 9.7 7.9
8” 10S 3.76 12 10.1 11.3 8.9
10 10S 4.19 12 10.8 12 9.8
12” 10S 4.57 12 11.5 12 10.6
14” 10S 4.78 12 12 12 12
16” 10S 4.78 12 12 12 12
18” 10S 4.78 18 12 12 12
20” 10S 5.54 18 12 18 12
24” 10S 6.35 18 12 18 12
Pipe Spans are based on the following assumptions:

1. Lower schedules would require shorter spans.
2. Insulation Density is taken as 200kg/m3 with insulation thickness 40mm.
3. Table is only valid for continuous spans, without overloading (in line items, valves, tees, tie
ins,…) or direction change.
4. Shall be in accordance with piping specification.
ANNEXURE - D
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF PIPING MATERIAL
1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Ends
Unless otherwise specified the ends shall be to the following standard:
SW/SCRD ASME B16.11

BW ASME B16.25
FLANGED ASME B16.5 and ASME B16.47 SERIES ‘B’
THREADING ASME/ANSI B1.20.1 (NPT, Taper threads)
BW end shall be in accordance with ASME B16.25, the weld contour of bevel shall be as
follows:-
Material Wall Thickness Weld Contour

Carbon Steel (Except Low Temp. Up to 22 mm Figure 2 Type A
Carbon Steel) > 22 mm Figure 3 Type A
Up to 10 mm Figure 4
Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel & Low
> 10 mm & Up to 25 mm Figure 5 Type A
Temp. Carbon Steel
> 25 mm Figure 6 Type A
1.2 Face Finish
This shall be to MSS-SP-6/ASME B46.1/ASME B16.5./B16.47 The interpretation shall be as

Follows
Stock finish : 250 – 1000 µin AARH (for Lap joint flanges)
Serrated finish : 125 – 250 µin AARH (for RF & FF flanges)
/125AARH/Smooth finish
The flange finish shall have concentric / spiral groves.
1.3 Austenitic Stainless Steel
All items/parts shall be supplied in solution-annealed condition.
For all Austenitic Stainless steel material, Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test shall be
Conducted as per following:
ASTM A262 Practice ‘B” with acceptance criteria of 60-mils/year (max.)
OR
ASTM A262 Practice ‘E’ with acceptance criteria of “No cracks as observed from 20X
magnification & microscopic structure to be observed from 250X magnification”
For IGC test, two sets shall be drawn from each solution annealing lot; one set corresponding
to highest carbon content and other set corresponding to the highest rating/thickness.
For all items of stabilized SS grades (SS321, SS347), stabilizing heat treatment shall also be
done. It shall be carried out subsequent to normal solution annealing. Soaking temperature
and holding time shall be 900 deg. C and 4 hrs. respectively.
1.4 Caps mentioned in various classes of PMS are used only for Instrumentation scope, if called

for in Instrumentation installation standard. No screwed cap is to be used in piping except for
vents in CAT ‘D’ services.
1.5 Radiography shall be done after heat treatment and hydrotesting for alloy steel (AS) piping.
1.6 Welded pipes and fittings used below -29OC ,shall be impact tested as per requirement of
ASME B31.3.
1.7 Threads
Threads for threaded Pipes, Fittings, Flanges, Valves etc. shall be in accordance with B1.20.1
taper threads, unless otherwise specified. All threaded joints, irrespective of pressure and
temperature, for critical services including toxic fluid, hydrogen etc. shall be seal welded with a
full strength fillet weld.
Use of threaded connections is prohibited in classes except Cat‘D’ service and for instrument
impulse lines.
2.0 ITEM SPECIFIC NOTES:
2.1 PIPES
Pipe dimension shall be in accordance with ASME B36.10, IS:1239 & IS:3589 for wrought steel
pipe and wrought iron pipe to B36.10 / B36.19 for stainless steel pipe and respective ASTM
STD. for non-ferrous and non metallic pipes.
Pipe made by acid-bessemer process shall not be acceptable, steel pipe shall be made by
open hearth, electric furnace or basic Oxygen process.
Butt welding ends shall conform to ANSI B16.25.
Unless specifically exempted, welded pipes shall be acceptable only with longitudinal weld
made employing automatic welding.
Unless mentioned otherwise in the material code, double longitudinal seam 180 deg. apart is
allowed for sizes 36” and larger only.
Galvanized pipes shall be only Hot Dip galvanized to ASTM A123.
Spiral welded pipes are not permitted.
2.2 FITTINGS
All fittings shall be seamless in construction unless otherwise specified.
Forged steel SW and threaded fittings shall be in accordance with ASME B16.11, unless
otherwise noted. For item not covered under B16.11, reference may be made to BS 3799 or
appropriate MSS-SP std.
BW Fittings shall be accordance with ASME B16.9, unless otherwise noted. Which is not
covered in this std shall conform to MSS-SP-48.
For reducing BW fittings having different wall thickness at each end, the greater one shall be
employed and the ends shall be matched to suit respective thickness.

All welded fittings shall be double welded. Inside weld projection shall not exceed 1.6mm, and
the welds shall be ground smooth at least 25mm from the ends.
All welded fittings shall have maximum negative tolerance equivalent to pipe selected.
For fittings made out of welded pipe, the pipe itself shall be of double welded type,
manufactured with the addition or filler material and made employing automatic welding only.
All welded fittings shall be normalized for CS, normalized & tempered for AS; and 100%
radiographed by X-ray for all welds made by fitting manufacturer as well as for welds on the
parent material.
Bevel ends of all BW fittings shall undergo 100% MP/DP test.
Those used in fire fighting facility shall be marked.
Tell-tale hole to be tapped in all reinforcement pads.
Usage of unions shall be restricted to utilities & instrumentation.
Welded fittings shall be 100% Radiography by X-ray and Ultrasonic Testing in lieu of
Radiographic examination shall not be acceptable.
2.3 FLANGES
Flanges shall be accordance with the following codes, except where otherwise noted:
Flange Sizes Standards
UPTO 24” (150# - 1500#) ASME B16.5
ABOVE 24” (150# - 1500#) ASME B16.47 SERIES ‘B’
For RTJ flanges, blinds & spacers, the hardness of the groove shall be specified on the test
report.
Fig 8 flanges and spacers & blinds shall be as per ASME B16.48 upto 24” (150-1500#) & upto
For use of Fig 8 / spacers & blinds, following is applicable:

(a) Class 600# & below Fig 8 upto & including 10” & spacers & blind above 10”.
Bore of weld neck flange shall correspond to the inside diameter of pipe for specified
schedule/thickness. Ends shall be beveled to suit the specified schedule/thickness.
Slip-on flanges are not recommended for any service and are only permitted in cat‘D’ services.
2.4 VALVES
2.4.1 General
All flanged valves (except forged) shall have flanges integral with the valve body.
Weld on flanges shall be made full penetration joints and 100% radiographed.

Valve Castings/Forgings purchased from India or Indian vendors shall be from OWNER
approved foundries/ forging shop.
Yoke material shall be at least equal to body material.
Forgings are acceptable in place of casting but not vice versa.
No cast iron valves to be used in firewater or any other service except in drinking water service.
Valve under cryogenic service (temp. below-45 Deg.) shall meet the requirements of BS- 6364
and shall be procured from pre-qualified vendor.
Unless otherwise specified, valve stem packing shall be grafoil die moulded rings / or equal for
piping class above -290C & Grafoil die moulded rings for piping classes with temperature
Below -290C. Whenever Grafoil die moulded rings are specified / used for valve packing, stem
finish shall be 32 RMS. Selection of valve stem packing shall be reviewed for intended service
condition (i.e. temperature, fluid used etc.).
Stem shall be forged or machined from forged / rolled bar. No casting is permitted. However,
integral stem of cast stainless steel ball valve is acceptable.
Stelliting / hard facing by deposition shall be minimum 1.6mm. Renewable seat rings shall be
seal welded.
All flanged valves shall have flanges integral with the valve body. However, forged valves can
have weld on flanges with 100% radiography.
For flanged valves with ring joint flanges, minimum hardness of groove shall be maintained as
covered in Flanges (Clause- 2.3).
Bonnet gasket shall be equal or superior to the gasket specified in the class in which the valves
are used.
Wherever check valve disc assembly is supported from the cover of the check valves the
following shall be ascertained.
• Positive location / positioning of cover must be provided to ensure correct alignment of

the valve disc.
• Hinge pin design must permit accurate alignment of the disc and valve seat.
For heavy check valves, provisions shall be available for lifting by way of lugs, eye bolts and
other such standard devices.
If any overlay weld-deposited is used for the body seat ring seating surface, the corrosion
resistance of the seat ring base material shall be at least equal to the corrosion resistance of
the material of the shell.
Spiral wound bonnet gaskets are to be provided with inner / outer ring except when
encapsulated gasket type body – bonnet joints are employed. Outer ring may be avoided in
case of non-circular spiral wound gasket used in 150# valve the provided the outermost layer
of spiral touches the bolts ascertaining the centering.

Unless otherwise noted, copper, brass or silver alloy are not permitted in contact with the
flowing medium in steel valves. All forged chrome-moly valves shall be furnished in normalized
and tempered condition in accordance with ASTM A182M.
The term “Valve Trim“is defined as “All wetted internal parts of valve which comes into rubbing
action”.
Wafer type check valve shall be Retainerless type.
Orientation of valves stem below horizontal position shall be avoided.
IBR service to be met as per IBR Regulations.
For vacuum services refer Annexure- F.
2.4.2 Dimensions
Face-to-Face/End-to-End dimension shall be as per ASME B16.10. In case the same is not
covered under B16.10, the dimension shall be made to respective valve design standard / BS
2080 and / or the Manufacturer’s Std.
Flange dimensions of C.S, Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel valves shall conform to the
respective flange standard specified in the piping class.
2.4.3 Design
Pressure – temperature rating for flanged and butt welding end valves shall be as per ASME
B16.34 except for ball, plug, & butterfly valves. Wall thickness of the body at different locations
should not be less than as calculated as per respective valve standards. For ball, plug, and
butterfly valve manufacture’s recommendations shall be obtained before use for intended
service.
Unless called –out specifically, valves shall be as per the following standards:
VALVE SIZE RATING DESIGN STD. TESTING STD.

1/2” –
Gate/Globe/Check 800 /1500 API-602 API-598
1.1/2”
Gate 2” – 24” 150/300/600/ API 600 API 598
Globe 2”-12” 150/300/600/ BS-1873 API 598
Check 2” – 24” 150/300/600 BS-1868 API 598
Dual Plate Check 2”-48” 150/300 API-594 API-598

BS EN ISO
Ball 1/2” -16” 150/300/600/800 BS EN 12266-1/2
17292
3” &
Butterfly ALL API 609 API-598
above
If not covered in above table, the valve shall be as per ASME B16.34 /relevant MSS-SP
standard.
2.4.4 Operation

Generally the valves are hand wheel or lever operated. However, suitable gear operator in
enclosed gear box shall be provided for valves as follows:-
Class Gate Globe Ball Butterfly

150 NPS 18 and over NPS 12 and over NPS 8 and over NPS 10 and over
300 NPS 14 and over NPS 10 and over NPS 6 and over NPS 6 and over
Hand wheel diameter shall not exceed 750 mm and lever length shall not exceed 500mm on
each side. Effort to operate shall not exceed 35 kgf at hand wheel periphery. However, failing
to meet the above requirement, vendor shall offer gear operation.
For sizes lower than these ranges, hand wheel / lever / wrench shall be provided. For
pressure balance plug valves manufacturer’s recommendation shall be acceptable provided
the requirements specified as above point.
Gear operator shall be as under, with position for open / close positions and with limit stops.
(Limit stop are not applicable for gate and globe valves)
Totally enclosed bevel gear in grease case with grease
For Gate / Globe / Diaphragm valves
nipples / plugs
Totally enclosed helical worm or combination of helical
For Ball / Plug / Butterfly valves worm and spur gear in grease case with grease nipples /
plugs.
Gear operator shall be so designed as to operate effectively with the differential pressure
across the closed valve equal to the cold non-stock pressure rating.
Ball, plug, butterfly valves, even with wrench or lever operators shall have ‘open position
indicators with limit stops’.
Quarter-turn valves shall have “open” position indicators with limit stops.
2.4.5 By Pass
A globe type valve (size as per ASME B16.34) shall be provided as by pass for the following
sizes of gate valves:
Class For sizes

150 # 26” and above
By -pass piping, fitting and valves shall be compatible material and design. Complete fillet
welds for by-pass installation shall be DP/MP tested. NDT of by-pass valve shall be inline with
main valve.
By-pass valve shall be a globe valve. The sizes shall be as under:
On main valve ≤ 4” 1/2 “ or more

On main valve > 4” but < 10” 3/4 “ or more

On main valve ≥10” 1” or more
Vendor shall supply the by-pass valve duly tested and fitted to the main valve. Valves with by-
pass shall have the direction of flow marked on the main valve. By-pass attachment to the main
valve body shall not screwed. All fillet welds for by-pass installation shall be 100% examined
by DP/MP test.
The by-pass piping arrangement shall be such that clearance between main valve body and
by-pass assembly shall be minimum possible for layout reason.
2.4.6 Radiography of cast valves
All casting shall be of radiographic quality. This requirement to be ensured by sample

radiography before proceeding with the actual production.
Radiography procedure, areas of casting to be radiographed, and the acceptance criteria shall
be as per ASME B16.34.
Radiography requirements for castings {for categories not mentioned in (a) above} shall be as
follows:
Class Size Quantity Remarks

For carbon steel material (except cat `D` &
150 Up to 24” 5%
fire water services for which, it is NIL
150 Up to 24” 10% For alloy steels & Stainless steel
For all material (NIL for cat ‘D’ & fire water
150 26” & above 100%
service)
300 Up to 16” 10% For all material
300 18” & above 100% For all material
600 & above All 100% For all material
150 Up to 24” 20% LTCS/Cryo
300 Up to 16# 20% LTCS/Cryo
Note 1: No radiography is required for casting for Demineralized water service (Cat ‘D’)
Note 2: for stabilized grades of SS 100% radiography is required for castings irrespective of the
category or rating this belongs to.
Radiography procedure, area of casting to be radiographed shall be as per ASME B16.34 and
acceptance criteria shall be as per ASME B16.34, Mandatory Appendix-I. However for areas of
casting to be radiographed for types of valves not covered in ASME B16.34, vendor shall
enclosed details of areas to be radiographed in line with ASME B16.34.
2.4.7 Ball/plug/Butterfly Valves
Each valve shall be supplied with a lever/wrench except for gear operated/motor operated
valves.
Soft-seated Ball, Plug & Butterfly valves shall be supplied with antistatic devices.
The ball of Ball Valves shall not protrude outside the end flanges. As a prequalification, fire safe
test as per API 607 / API 6FA / BS 6755 Part II shall be carried out on soft seated ball, plug &
butterfly valves and also on lubricated plug valve. The test shall be witnessed and certified by
third party inspection agency like Lloyds, B.V., CEIL, LRIS or PMC. The vendor has to submit
test certificate for the valve offered.

Butterfly valves if specified / used in other than cooling water lines (cat. ‘D’ services) shall be
high performance fire safe design to API-609.
Soft- seated BW /SW end ball valves shall have a 100 mm long seamless pipe nipple welded
to each end of the valve. Nipples are to be welded prior to assembling Teflon seats / seals.
Specifications of the nipples shall be indicated in the MR.
Ball valves shall be floating ball type / Trunion mounted type as per following:
Class Floating Ball Trunion Mounted
150 # 8” & below 10” & above
300# 4” & below 6” & above
600# & above 1.1/2” & below 2” & above
Use of soft-seated ball/plug/butterfly valves shall be suitably selected based on temperatures

handled.
Butterfly valve shall be suited for throttling application. Use of fire safe valves shall be as per
process requirement.
For process (hydrocarbon) services butterfly valves shall be triple offset, high performance type.
Unless otherwise specified in the data sheets, bore of the all reduced bore ball valves shall be
limited to one size lower than the nominal bore.
Unless otherwise specified, plug valve shall be pressure balance type.
Plug valve and ball valve should be drilled to relieve pressure from the plug port area when the
valve is closed. Thermal expansion of liquids contained in the unrelieved and closed plug and
ball valve ports, as is possible on heat traced installations, can exceed the body rating of the
valve.
Lubricated plug valves shall not be used, except where specified. Stem of Ball, Plug, and
Butterfly valve shall be Blow-out Proof.
Fire safe soft seated plug valves shall be tested and certified as only meeting the external
leakage requirements of API 607.
2.5 STRAINER
Allowable pressure drop when specified shall be certified along with the offer. If asked
specifically, pressure drop calculations shall be furnished.
All 2” & higher sized Y type strainer shall be provided with 3/4” threaded tap and solid threaded
plug as drain connection on the blind flange. For less than 2”, drains shall be 1/2” size.
Bottom flange of Y-type strainer shall not have tapped holes. Full length standard size studs
shall be used for joining blind flanges.

For T-type strainer & basket type strainer adequate drains shall be provided based on process
requirements. Also removal space for strainer element shall be taken into consideration in the
Layout.
Bevel ends of strainers shall undergo 100% DP/MP test.

All welded strainers shall be normalized for CS, normalized and tempered for AS.
For fabricated strainers, all BW joints shall be fully radiographed and fillet welds shall be 100%
DP/MP checked.
All the strainers shall be hydrostatically tested at twice the design pressure.
2.6 TRAPS
All thermodynamic traps shall be provided with external strainers if internal strainers are not
possible.
For LP and MP steam thermodynamic traps shall be suitable for 42 bar maximum op. pressure.
For HP steam thermodynamic traps shall be suitable for 62 bar maximum op. pressure.
For SHP steam thermodynamic traps shall be suitable for 120 bar maximum op. pressure.
Balanced pressure thermostatic steam trap shall be suitable for 21 bar maximum operating
pressure (200 sub cooling) with 40 mesh internal strainer.
Vendor shall also furnish the performance curve indicating the capacity in mass /hour at various
differential pressures across the trap.
Parts subject to wear and tear shall be suitably hardened. Traps shall function in horizontal as
well as in vertical installation.
All traps shall be hydrostatically tested to twice the design pressure. All traps shall have flanged
ends.
2.7 HOSES
Manufacturer shall guarantee suitability of hoses for the service and working conditions
specified in the requisition, even if the material is not specified in the Material Requisition for
any particular service.
All hoses shall be marked with service and working pressure at minimum two ends clearly.
Hoses shall be resistant to ageing, abrasion and suitable for outdoor installations. Complete
Hose assembly shall be tested at two times the design pressure.
Steam hoses shall be subjected to steam resistant test.
2.8 EXPANSION JOINTS (shall be used only when unavoidable with prior approval)
The applicable codes are ASME B 31.3 and EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s
Association).
Bellows shall be formed from solution annealed sheet conforming to the latest ASTM Spec.
Any longitudinal weld shall be 100% radiographed. The finished longitudinal weld must be of

the same thickness and same surface finish as the parent material. Circumferential welds are
not permitted. Bellows are to be hydraulically or expansion (punched) formed. Rolled formed
bellows are not acceptable. Noticeable punch or die marks resulting from expansion operation
are not acceptable.
No repairs of any kind are allowed on the bellows after forming. Deep scratches and dents are
not acceptable.
The out of roundness shall be limited to +3mm. This is the max. deviation between the max. &
min. diameter.
The actual circumference of the welding end shall be maintained to + 3mm of the theoretical
circumference.
Apart from the usual requirements, the vendor shall also furnish.
• Design calculations to justify stiffness and fatigue life.

• Axial, lateral stiffness, angular stiffness, bellows ply thickness effective
pressure thrust area.
• Installation maintenance manual.
• Moments and forces due to stiffness and pressure thrust due to expansion
joint.
• Spring rates for each convolutions.
• Hinge pin frictional moments.
• Overall dimensions & flange connections.
• Material construction.
• Estimated weights (10%).
2.9 SUPPORTING & SPRING ASSEMBLIES
The material Design, Manufacture and Fabrication shall be generally as per MSS-SP-58/MSS-
SP-89 and/or BS 3974.
Testing of springs shall be as per BS1726.
2.10 GASKETS
Grafoil material shall be used for gaskets/ filler as per table listed in 4.9.4
Full-face gaskets shall have bolt holes punched out (if applicable)
Spiral wound gaskets as per ASME B16.20 shall match flanges to ASME B16.5 up to 24” and
ASME B16.47 series B’ for sizes > 24” unless otherwise specified.
Non-metallic ring gaskets as per ASME B16.21 shall match flanges to ASME B16.5 up to 24”
and ASME B16.47 series B’ for sizes > 24” unless otherwise specified.
Ring type and spiral wound gasket shall be self-aligning type.
Inner and outer rings shall be considered for spiral wound gaskets shall be as per PMS.
Out Ring
Outer centering ring is mandatory and shall be minimum carbon steel material. C.S. outer ring
irrespective of temperature-spiral strip material (except subzero temperatures).

Inner Ring
Inner Ring shall be provided as per ANSI B 16.20 for the following:
• 26” & above for all classes.

• All sizes for vacuum, cryogenic and hydrogen service.
• All sizes in ‘H’ grade stainless steel classes, SS347 and SS321
• For all sizes for classes with temperature beyond 427 Deg.C.
• For 900# rating and above class (If PMS Specifies spiral wound gasket)
• All gaskets with PTFE filler.
• All such cases not covered above but required as per Licensor’s specifications.
Material of inner ring to be S.S. (same as that of Spiral wound material)
2.11 STUD, BOLTS, NUTS AND JACK SCREWS.
All bolting shall be as per ASME B18.2.1 for studs, M/C Bolts and Jack screws, and ASME
B18.2.2 for nuts.Threads shall be unified (UNC for < or = 1” dia and 8 UN for > 1” dia) as per
ANSI B1.1 with class 2A fit for Studs, M/C Bolts and jackscrews, and class 2 B fit for nuts. Stud
bolts shall be threaded full length with two heavy hexagonal nuts. Length tolerance shall be in
accordance with the requirement of table D2 of Annexure D of ASME B 16.5
The nuts shall be double chamfered, semi-finished heavy hexagonal type and shall be made
by the hot forged process. The length of the studs/bolts shall be such that minimum two threads
should be out of nut on either side.
All the stud/bolt should have metallurgical certificates, in case of alloy/SS metallurgy with
identified color marking at the stud ends/bolt side face.
Heads of jackscrews and M/C bolts shall be heavy hexagonal type. Jackscrew end shall be
rounded.
Wherever bolt tensioning is specified stud bolt length shall be longer by minimum one diameter
to suit bolt tensioner. Excess threads shall be protected by a threaded nut.
Whenever feritic steel flanges mate with stainless steel flanges over 3710C, bolting material
shall be ASTM A 193 GR.B16/ A 194 GR 4.
3.0 SPECIAL SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 IBR
IBR stands for Indian Boiler Regulation. For steam services, it is statutory obligation to meet
IBR requirements.
For items under IBR, composition restrictions, test reports, painting, etc. shall
be as per IBR’s stipulations.
3.2 NACE & sour service

All items under this category shall be as per NACE MR-0175 and/or any other applicable
standards shall also be followed. Hardness shall be below BHN 200 for C.S. material. Carbon
equivalent (CE) shall be limited to 0.43 wt%
3.3 CRYO & fire-safe
For items to be used under cryogenic conditions, temp. below -45 Deg.C and those required to
be fire-safe, special designs and tests would be applicable. Pre-qualifications criteria need to
be specified before execution of job.
3.4 Impact tests
Welded pipes and fittings used below ASME temp.-29 Deg.C. shall be impact tested as per
requirement of ASME B31.3.
4.0 INSPECTION & TESTING
All items and their parts shall be subjected to all mandatory as well as supplementary (wherever
specified) tests and checks called for in the respective codes/standards/data sheets.
All critical service valves shall be hydro tested at site for leak test before installation. All facility
for testing shall be arranged by contractor.
The examining personnel shall have the requisite qualification and experience. Client and its
authorized representative reserve the right to vet and suggest changes in vendor’s procedures.
Vendor’s works and facilities shall be accessible to the Client/Representative at all reasonable
times. Test reports for all mandatory as well as supplementary tests wherever specified shall
be furnished.
All items of low alloy and exotic material shall be subjected to positive material identification
test before dispatch as well as at site before fabrication/erection.
Inspection & testing shall be per approved QAP.
100% hydrostatic testing shall be mandatory for piping items such as pipes, valves,etc.
Vacuum test for valves shall be mandatory for valves in vacuum service.
5.0 MARKING
All items shall be marked (stamped/etched) in accordance with the applicable

code/standard/specification. In addition, the item code, if available, shall also be marked.
For ease of identification, the color of painted strip (wherever required) shall be as per the
applicable standard.
Paint or ink for marking shall not contain any harmful metal or metal salts, which can cause
corrosive attack either ordinarily or in service.
Special items/smaller items shall have attached corrosion resistant tag providing salient
features.
Marking, Identification & Color coding shall be as per document number 2015-E-LPG-PIP-BM-
S-E-004

6.0 DISPATCH
All items shall be dry, clean and free from moisture, dirt and loose foreign materials of all kinds.
All items shall be protected from rust, corrosion, and mechanical damage during transportation,
shipment and storage. Rust preventive on machined surfaces to be welded shall not be harmful
to welding and shall be easily removable with a petroleum solvent.
Ends shall be suitably protected, and the protectors shall be securely and tightly attached. Each
variety and size of item shall be supplied in separate packaging marked with the purchase order
no., item code (if available), and the salient specification.
Carbon steel, LTCS and low alloy steel valves shall be painted with one coat of inorganic zinc
silicate primer.
ANNEXURE - E
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE & CRYOGENIC VALVES
1.0 Scope
All valves of Low Temperature Carbon Steel (LTCS) below -45degC and all grades of austenitic
SS (CRYO) below -50degC material are categorized as cryogenics valves. All these valves
shall have extended bonnet as per BS 6364 except check valves. Valves shall be suitable for
installation in any position (on vertical, horizontal or skewed pipe line).

Following qualification criteria shall be met by the valve vendors to quote valves for cryogenic
services.
2.0 Qualification criteria
Both cryogenic test (Clause 2.1) and reference list (clause 2.2) together, as indicated herein,
shall be considered for vendor qualification & vendor shall furnish the same, along with his offer.
Vendors whose current supply does not cover valves of all sizes, materials and ratings
(cryogenic test and reference list) required by MR, should confirm / furnish the following for
consideration of their offer:
1. Evidence of having conducted successfully at least one cryogenics test as per BS 6364. Test
certificate and reference list shall be furnished with the offer.
2. Vendor shall confirm to conduct cryogenic test per clauses 2.1 & 2.3 for the remaining valves
not later than 12 weeks from the date of purchase order.
Offers of vendors who do not comply with above requirements would be rejected.
2.1 Cryogenic test:
Vendors to furnish copies of cryogenic test certificate for tests conducted as per details given
below:
1. Shall be as per BS 6364.
2. Test temperature, unless specifically called for otherwise in the individual MR, shall
be -48°C for LTCS and -196°C for all grades of austenitic SS.
3. Tests carried out on a particular size of one of valve, pressure rating and material
shall qualify all sizes equal to and below the test valve size for the same type,
pressure rating and material. In case of austenitic SS any one grade would qualify for
all other grades of austenitic SS.
4. Test shall have to be witnessed and certified by any one of the following third party
inspection agencies. M/S Lloyd, BV, DNV or any other agency approved by Owner.
2.2 Reference list
Vendor shall furnish reference list for valves supplied for cryogenic service indicating the name
of client, year of supply, size material, pressure rating, type of valve and quantity.
2.3 Post Order Testing Procedure :
1. Before conducting post order testing. Vendor shall submit the following for approval :
i. Test procedure (as per BS 6364)
ii. Cross-section drawing of the valve with material of construction.
iii. Schematic of test rig (as per BS 6364) with complete details.

2. Test has to be conducted on largest size order for each type of valve and for each
material and class rating. Vendor shall offer one, two or three valves for selection of
test valve by inspector depending upon whether quantity of largest valve in the order
is one, two or three and more than three respectively.
In the event of failure of the test valve to meet the specification requirements, the
vendor shall conduct test on two more valves. If the other two valves which pass test
successfully, are of lower size, then the qualification will be valid only to sizes up to
which test has been conducted successfully.
3. In case of non-conductance of cryogenic test(s) within 12 weeks or failure in the

test(s) conducted after receipt of order, the owner reserves the right to invoke any of
the provisions of the purchase order including cancellation of the purchase order at
the risk and cost of vendor.
3.0 Bonnet extension, wherever specified in the valve sheet to BS 6364 shall be for non-cold box
application “unless otherwise specified in MR. Even if not called for in valve sheet, valves
indicated as “LT” or “CRYO” shall be supplied with bonnet extension.
4.0 Bonnet and gland extension joints shall be of butt welded construction.
5.0 Repair welding procedure for austenitic stainless steel valves in “CRYO” service shall have to
be qualified for impact test as per ASME B31.3. Minimum acceptable impact energy shall be
20 J or lateral expansion of 0.38 mm at temperature of -196 Dec. C.
6.0 Wherever impact test of SS studs/nuts is called for in the data sheet, the impact value shall be
27J at the intended service temperature specified in the data sheets
ANNEXURE - F
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR VACUUM SERVICE
1. Stiffener shall be provided as per ASME Sec. VIII Div.1.
2. Gasket shall have inner & outer Centering ring. Valve packing shall be with graphite ring.
Stem to have 32 microns RMS finishes. Body bonnet gasket to be spiral wound with inner
centering ring.
3. Valve shall be tested for vacuum by Helium leak test.

ANNEXURE - G
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR IBR SERVICE
1. For Steam condensate service under IBR:
All item under the purview of `IBR’ (Indian Boiler Regulation) shall be accompanied with IBR certificate
original in From IIIA for pipes and IIIC for other piping items duly approved by IBR Authority/Local
Authority empowered by Central Board of India.
Alternatively, photocopy of the original certificate duly countersigned and attested by Local Boiler
Inspection is the minimum requirement.

2. Materials:
a. For material 1¼ Cr-½ Mo (ASTM A335 Gr. P11/A691Gr.¼Cr)& 2¼ Cr-1Mo (ASTM A335
Gr.P22/A691 Gr.2¼ Cr) from IIIA approved by IBR should include the tabulation of Et, Sc and
Sr values for the entire temperature range given below. Et, Sc and Sr value shall be such that
throughout the temperature range
Et/1.5 ≥
Sr/1.6 ≥ SA
Sc ≥
SA (PSI)
TEMP (˚F) 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
MATERIALS
A335 Gr.P11 17200 16700 16200 15600 15200 15000 14500 12800 9300 6300 4200 2800
A691Gr.1¼Cr 18900 18300 18000 17600 17300 16800 16300 15000 9900 6300 4200 2800
A335 Gr.P22/ 17900 17900 17900 17900 17900 17800 14500 12800 10800 7800 5100 3200
A691Gr.2¼Cr
NOTE: SA VALUES ARE FROM B31.3-2004, VALUES SHALL BE AS PER LATEST EDITION
PREVAILING.
b. For material 1¼ Cr-½ Mo (ASTM A234 Gr. WP11 and ASTM A234Gr.WP11W) & 2¼ Cr-1Mo
(ASTM A234 Gr.WP22 and ASTM A234 Gr.WP22W) from IIIC approved by IBR should
include the tabulation of Et, Sc and Sr values for the entire temperature range given below. Et,
Sc and Sr value shall be such that throughout the temperature range.
Et/1.5 ≥
Sr/1.6 ≥ SA
Sc ≥
SA (PSI)
TEMP (˚F) 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
MATERIALS
A234Gr.WP11
CL.2 /
21700 20900 20500 20100 19700 19200 18700 13700 9300 6300 4200 2800
A234 Gr.WP11
CL.2W
A234Gr.WP22
CL.1 /
17900 17900 17900 17900 17900 17800 14500 12800 10800 7800 5100 3200
A234Gr.WP22
CL.1W
NOTE: SA VALUES ARE FROM B31.3-2004, VALUES SHALL BE AS PER LATEST
EDITION PREVAILING.
c. For material 1¼ Cr-½ Mo (ASTM A182 Gr. F11)& 2¼ Cr-1Mo (ASTM A182 Gr.F22) from IIIC
approved by IBR should include the tabulation of Et, Sc and Sr values for the entire
temperature range given below. Et, Sc and Sr value shall be such that throughout the
temperature range

Et/1.5 ≥
Sr/1.6 ≥ SA
Sc ≥
SA (PSI)
TEMP (˚F) 500 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100
MATERIALS
A182Gr. 21700 20900 20500 20100 19700 19200 18700 13700 9300 6300 4200 2800
F11 CL.2
A182Gr. 17900 17900 17900 17900 17900 17800 14500 12800 10800 7800 5100 3200
F22 CL.1
NOTE: SA VALUES ARE FROM B31.3-2004, VALUES SHALL BE AS PER LATEST

EDITION PREVAILING.
3. In carbon steel piping carbon content shall not exceed 0.25% for all pipe, fittings, flanges & valve bodies
etc. that may require welding. Moreover, for flanges the sulphur and phosphorus also shall be limited
to 0.05%each.
However other chemical compositions shall be as per IBR regulation.
For carbon steel materials, maximum carbon equivalent (CE) shall be 0.43 wt%
Where CE = %C + %Mn/6 + (%Ni + %Cu)/15 + (%Cr + %Mo + %V)/5
Pipe material shall be as follows: (Unless specified otherwise)
Up to 14” : ASTM A 106 Gr. B (SMLS)

16” and above : ASTM A 672 Gr.B60, CL.12 / 22 / 21
4. All “IBR” valves shall be painted red in body-bonnet / body- cover joint.
ANNEXURE - H
OTHER SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
1. GENERAL
1.1 All flanges intended for use with spiral wound gaskets shall have a flange surface finish of 125
micro-inch Ra minimum to 250 micro-inch Ra maximum. Flanges intended for used with other
gaskets shall have a flange surface finish within the optimal range for the specified gasket.
Finishes shall be judged by visual comparison with surface finish roughness standards
conforming to ASME B46.1. It is the Contractor’s / Purchaser’s responsibility both to comply
with above finish requirement and to assure that such flange finishes be protected from damage
during shipping, storage and installation.
1.2 The minimum wall thickness for new pipes, excluding corrosion allowance and negative mill
tolerance, shall be Schedule 5S
1.3 Contractor shall be responsible for the compatibility of piping flanges with equipments &
instruments.

1.4 Contractor shall be responsible for the inclusion of the sustained, transient & thermal load
analyses cases. Detailed design of the piping supporting systems is the responsibility of the
contractor.
1.5 Lap joint flanges shall not be used in severe cyclic services.
1.6 Flanges and bolts shall be analyzed to insure that are not overstressed during gasket seating.
Overstressing is more likely to occur when class 300 and lower flanges are used with spiral
wound or metal gaskets.
1.7 Flanged thermowells and other flanged connections joining dissimilar materials required special
consideration. The flange class for both material shall be determined and the higher class used
for both flanges.
1.8 Threaded unions are permitted only for utility services such as air, water, nitrogen and
condensate. Unions shall be limited to class 300. Flanges shall be used in place of unions for
socket welded piping.
1.9 Provide valves with special trim as indicated on piping and instrument diagrams.
1.10 Locked open or car sealed open valves shall include metal tags permanently attached to the
valves. The tag shall read: “This valve must not be closed without written permission from
responsible authority.” The stem of Lock open or car seal open valves shall be installed in
horizontal position.
1.11 Material for external vacuum stiffening rings shall be the same material as the pipe when the
design temperature is greater than 6500F (3400C). When the design temperature is 6500F
(3400C) or less, the material may be carbon steel.
1.12 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) is required for Monel piping in Hydrofluoric (HF) acid
service.
1.13 Safety valves connected at the vessel/column top shall be located at suitable working platform
for ease of inspection and maintenance.
1.14 Lines under gravity flow condition shall have no pockets till the respective destine CBD and OD
drains. For equipment located at elevated platforms can be clustered, if necessary and routed
to respective headers.
1.15 Utility stations (steam, air and water) shall be provided on alternate platforms of columns.
1.16 Steam trap along with drip leg shall be provided on header and sub header at minimum distance
from end flange.
1.17 The flow orifices/tapings on discharge of high-head pumps shall be fixed with strong support for
considering vibration.

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TECHNIP INDIA LIMITED

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY - PIPING

SR.NO. TITLE PAGE

4.4 TANK PIPING 19

4.8 FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS & SUPPORTING 20

4.10 THERMAL INSULATION OF PIPING, EQPT & VESSELS 24

5.0 REFERENCES & PUBLICATIONS 25

A ACCESSIBILITY FOR INSTRUMENTS & VALVES 28

C ALLOWABLE PIPE SUPPORT SPAN 31

D TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF PIPING MATERIAL 33

H OTHER SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS 51

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 2 of 51

4.0 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY/GENERAL CRITERIA

The Plant layout shall be made in consideration with:

4.1 EQUIPMENT LAYOUT

4.1.1 Basis of Equipment Layout

Equipment Layout shall be developed based on the following data:

• Project Design Information

4.1.2 Development of Equipment Layout

The following aspects shall be considered during development of Equipment Layout.

1. Process requirement – i.e. proper interconnection between equipment as per PID’s to

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 3 of 51

4. Safety Requirements – As a minimum, ‘OISD’ (OISD STD -118/144/236/150 as

5. Firefighting facility as per Fire Fighting Design Basis 2015-E-UTL-FFS-BP-N-E-002.

6. Constructability, Operation and Maintenance requirement.

7. Similar equipment grouping-all columns, exchangers, pumps etc shall be grouped

4.1.3 Pipe Rack

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 4 of 51

4.1.4 Towers and Vertical Vessels.

4.1.5 Horizontal Vessels

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4.1.9 Compressors and Their Prime Movers

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 6 of 51

Following types of compressors are used in process plants:

Compressor manufacturer may be consulted for recommended layout and additional

4.1.10 Clearance and Accessibility

4.1.10.1 Crane access & tube bundle pulling.

Equipment, structures shall be arranged to permit crane access to service

4.1.10.2 Access to Pumps

Clear access of 3.5m vertically and 3m horizontally shall be provided

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 7 of 51

specific approval. Pumps outside the rack shall be approachable by mobile

4.1.10.3 Access to lower items to grade level (Lowering Area)

For providing platform ladder & staircase following guidelines shall be

4.1.10.5 Platform at elevated structure

4.1.10.6 Platforms with stair access shall also be provided for:

4.1.10.7 Platforms with atleast ladder access shall be provided for:

4.1.10.8 Ladder location

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 8 of 51

• Side entry for ladder is always preferable to front entry.

Minimum clearances shall be indicated in Annexure B.

4.2 UNIT PIPING

4.2.1 Basis of Unit Piping

• Piping and Instrument Diagram.

The following objective shall be ascertained during piping layout.

4.2.2 Pipe ways/Rack Piping

Branches from main headers shall be preferably taken from top.

Following considerations shall be taken while making piperack piping arrangement.

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 9 of 51

• Largest and heaviest line to the outside.

4.2.3 Column/Vessel Piping/Control Valves

Doc No.: H003-E-LPG-GEN-BM-N-E-001 Rev. No. B JOB NO. H003 Page 10 of 51

4.2.4 Exchanger Piping

Wrench clearance shall have to be provided at exchanger flanges.