December 2005 Primary FRCA: MCQs:

1. Amiodarone
- is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias
- has a half life of 4 days
- can cause Corneal deposits
- prolongs the Phase 4 depolarisation
- potentiates the effects of Warfarin

2. Class I a Anti-arrhythmic drugs

- prolong the duration of Action Potential
- prolong the rate of depolarization
- prolong the refractory period
- are more effective in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias than Class Ic drugs
- have local anaesthetic actions

3. Positive Inotropes include

- Propranolol
- Enoximone
- Potassium
- Phenytoin
- Lignocaine

4. Following act on the uterine muscle to cause contraction

- Progesterone
- Vasopressin
- Succinyl choline
- Salbutamol
- Glyceryl Trinitrate

5. Salbutamol
- is a selective beta 2- agonist
- is longer acting than Salmeterol
- is longer acting than Isoprenaline
- causes more tachycardia than Isoprenaline

6. Tetracyclines
- are broad spectrum Antibiotics
- absorption of Tetracyclines is reduced in the presence of Magnesium Trisilicate
- inhibit protein synthesis
- are contraindicated in Pregnancy
- binds with the DNA to exert its action

7. Vitamin K dependent clotting factors are

- Prothrombin
- Factor V
 - Factor III
- Factor I
- Factor IX

8. The following are hydrolysed by esterases

- Aspirin
- Edrophonium
- Amethocaine
- Cocaine
- Diamorphine

9. Desflurane
- has a SVP similar to that of Halothane
- is metabolized in the liver more than Isoflurane
- has a Boiling point more than Xenon
- is a stereoisomer of Enflurane
- has a Blood: Gas solubility like that of Halothane

10. The left coronary artery

- supplies the AV node
- gives off the anterior interventricular artery
- gives off the posterior interventricular artery
- doesn’t anastomose with the right coronary artery
- gives off the Left circumflex artery which runs in the atrioventricular sulcus

11. Diamorphine
- is a naturally occurring compound
- is more potent at mu-receptors compared to morphine
- is more lipid soluble than morphine
- is hydrolysed by esterases to Mono acetyl morphine
- can be given subcutaneously

12. The following can cause metabolic acidosis

- Paracetamol
- Sodium Nitroprusside
- Furosemide
- Ammonium Chloride
- Diazepam

13. Rh –ve mother having Rh +ve foetus can result in

- anaemia in the baby
- jaundice in the baby
- sensitization can be caused by the passage of foetal RBCs into the maternal
circulation
- anti D antibodies can be formed following a previous exposure to Rh +ve blood
14. Carotid sinus receptors
- are stretch receptors
- distension can cause increase in the heart rate
- afferent nerve supply is through the IX nerve
- have sensitive chemoreceptors

15. ‘a’ wave in the CVP waveform

- is caused by atrial depolarization
- immediately follows ventricular systole
- is followed by P wave in the ECG
- is significantly increased in Tricuspid Regurgitation
- is caused by slow atrial filling during ventricular systole

16. In order to measure the amount of N2O obtainable from a cylinder at sea level the
following are needed
- Barometer
- Bourdon gauge
- Thermometer
- Weighing scales
- Hygrometer

17. A drug doesn’t undergo metabolism in the body and its plasma half life is 2 hrs. What
can you say about the drug? Probably the drug is…
- filtered but is not reabsorbed
- secreted into the nephron tubule
- deposited in the fat depots
- highly protein bound
- causing urinary retention

18. In a non rebreathing valve system , with no reservoir bag, the following are true:
- the FGF must equal to the Tidal Volume
- the FGF must be twice the Minute Ventilation
- the FGF must be equal to the Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate
- Deadspace is 1/3 rd of Tidal ventilation
- (Hyperventilation)

19. The following products are formed in the reaction between Sodalime and CO2
- CaCO3
- Na2CO3
- Water
- Heat
- Phosgene

20. The following are true about the pH / p CO2 measurement

- a pH of 7.4 corresponds to a [H+] of 40 nmol/lt
- when the pH decreases by 1.0, there is a 10 fold decrease in the [H+]
 - pH is temperature sensitive
- in a Blood gas analyzer, the reference electrode for both the pH and the pCO2
measurement is the same
- in a CO2 measuring system, the glass has to be CO2 sensitive

21. One mole

- is the SI unit of volume
- contains 6.022 * 10^23 molecules
- of any gas occupies 2.24 lts at STP
- of a gas, if it weighs 44 g, is likely to be O2
- is the quantity of a substance containing the same number of atoms as there are in
0.012 kg of Carbon -12

22. Regarding pressure

- 7.5 mm Hg = 1 k Pa
- in a Hg manometer the top is closed to prevent spillage
- in a Hg barometer the top is closed and filled with vacuum
- 10.2 cm H20 = 1 atm

23. Closing volume

- is increased in the elderly
- is increased in the obese
- is increased in the upright position
- is characterized in the N2 washout curve by a fall in the N2 concentration

24. The following are competitive antagonists

- Succinyl choline
- Ondansetron
- Atenolol
- d-Tubocurarine
- Gold

25. The following maybe available as a single stereoisomer

- Morphine
- Bupivacaine
- Ketamine
- Etomidate

26. Prazosin
- is a COMT inhibitor
- acts by releasing the Ach into synaptic cleft
- blocks the reuptake of Nor Adrenaline from the synaptic cleft
- is a selective alpha 1-antagonist
- causes ganglion blockade

27. Anti Diuretic Hormone

 - is synthesized in the Supraoptic nucleus
- increases the c AMP activity
- has a diurnal variation in its secretion
- acts on the Collecting Duct

28. Neuromuscular blocker action is potentiated by

- Cefuroxime
- Propofol
- Isoflurane
- Hypermagnesaemia
- Calcium antagonists

29. Cerebral Vascular Resistance is decreased by

- Propofol
- Thiopentone
- Halothane
- Sevoflurane
- Isoflurane

30. Regarding skeletal muscle

- Thick filaments are myosin
- Thin filaments include Tropomyosin
- Calcium binds to Troponin C
- Ryanodine receptor is located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- thin filaments are actin

31. Hypokalaemia
- Insulin
- Salbutamol
- Captopril
- Furosemide
- Glucocorticoids

32. Suxamethonium doesn’t cross the placental membrane because

- it is a larger molecule
- it is less lipid soluble
- it is very much protein bound
- of increased placental cholinesterase activity

33. In a laminar flow, the resistance is related to

- temperature
- viscosity
- density
- diffusion coefficient
- molecular weight
34. Cocaine
- is a vasoconstrictor
- causes mydriasis
- is prolonged in the presence of Adrenaline
- it releases Ach from the sympathetic nerve endings
- is hydrolyzed by plasma esterases

35. Acetyl Choline is a neurotransmitter at

- Adrenal medulla
- Salivary gland
- Sweat gland
- Dilator pupillae
- Neuromuscular junction

36. Opioid analgesics

- cause skeletal muscle rigidity
- increased time duration is required in renal failure
- acts only on mu-receptors
- are 5 HT3 antagonists
- acts only the surface receptor

37. The doses of the following are altered in Renal Failure

- Fentanyl
- Digoxin
- Neostigmine
- Vecuronium
- Gentamicin

38. Strain gauge can measure

- gas flow
- arterial BP
- blood flow
- light intensity
- force of muscle contraction

39. Regarding iv anaesthetic agents

- Etomidate is 2.5 times more potent than Thiopentone
- Ketamine acts in one arm-brain circulation time
- pH of Propofol is 7
- Propofol contains Glycerol and Egg Phosphatidide
- Thiopentone has high extraction ratio

40. Thiazides
- are related to the Sulphonamides
- can cause hyperlipidaemia
- can increase the plasma urate
 - can cause hypokalemia

41. Regarding Electromagnetic waves

- wavelength is proportional to the reciprocal of frequency
- the wavelength of UV light is longer than that of the Infrared light
- radiowaves have lower frequency that X-rays
- gases absorb electromagnetic radiation
- X-rays and Gamma rays have frequency between 10^18 and 10^21 Hz

42. Flowmeters
- calibration is affected by the vaporizer being downstream
- needle valve of the flowmeter is at the outlet
- depend on the velocity of the gas concerned

43. Gas chromatography

- are based on selective retardation technique
- uses CO2 as the carrier gas
- can measure Isoflurane

44. Digoxin
- prolongs the P R interval
- can cause heart block
- has a vagolytic action
- can cause diuresis in heart failure
- acts on the membrane ATPase

45. Nerve Resting membrane potential depends on

- equilibrium of Na+ ions
- the Na+ pump being active
- membrane ATPase
- the membrane potential being 30 mV
- Cl- ion is 10 times more extracellularly compared to being intracellularly

46. Serotonin reuptake inhibition is the mechanism of action of

- Paroxetine
- Dothiepin
- Imipramine
- Morphine
- Promethazine

47. Calcium
- favours the absorption of Vitamin D
- binds to the actin filaments
- is important in the release of Ach
- PTH has a role in its absorption from the renal tubule
- is a ion required in the release of neurotransmitters
48. Cell mediated immunity
- is an explanation of Autoimmune diseases
- is involved in Histamine release
- stimulates plasma cells
- involves sensitization of peripheral lymphocytes
- involves the production of IgM

49. Solubility of a gas in a liquid

- is explained only if the solvent is water
- is applicable when there is a reaction with the solvent
- altered by colloid oncotic pressure

50. Diffusion of a gas

- depends on the ambient pressure
- depends on the ambient temperature
- is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular weight of the gas
- is related to the thickness of the membrane
- depends on the concentration gradient

51. Carotid body

- requires less blood supply than the brain
- is more sensitive to tension than the content of oxygen
- nerve supply is through the Vagus
- is sensitive to H+ ions

52. GFR is decreased

- when PEEP is applied
- when there’s an increased hydrostatic pressure
- when there’s an increased Bowman’s capsule pressure
- when there’s an increased colloid osmotic pressure
- when there’s an increased pressure in the efferent arteriole

53. Renal Blood Flow is

- decreased from supine to erect posture
- increased with ADH
- increased with Adosterone
- increased with Renin
- increased with IPPV

54. Hepatocellular function may be determined by

- Prothrombin time
- Acid phosphatase
- Protein synthesis
- Alkaline phosphatase
- Urea
55. Microshock is decreased by
- isolating transformer
- multiple earthing
- diathermy plate surface area being large
- saline in a catheter
- by using battery operated equipment

56. Capacitance directly varies with

- the size of the capacitance plates
- the conductance of the dielectric media
- the duration of voltage applied
- the amount of voltage applied
- increased gap of the capacitance plates

57. Impedance is directly proportional

- to the frequency in a capacitor
- to the frequency in a inductor
- to the resistance in a resistor

58. Intubated patients with fully saturated O2 at 20C

- provides water to the patient
- is fully saturated in alveoli at body temperature
- relative humidity is decreased in the alveoli

59. The venous blood from the following organs have a saturation which is less than the
mixed venous blood
- brain
- kidney
- heart
- liver
- resting skeletal muscle

60. CVP can be measured by

- ……ditto from the RCA mcq book

61. Regarding compliance

- it is directly proportional to the V/Q
- dynamic compliance has to be done when the patient is breathing
- lung compliance is less than the total compliance of the respiratory system
- increases with age

62. Practical application of Doppler effect includes

- arterial wall motion
- Isoflurane concentration
- Electromagnetic flow of blood
- Charge difference
63. Alpha 2- globulins
- are increased in inflammatory reaction
- are increased in hepatocellular failure
- is increased in Nephrotic syndrome
- includes haptoglobin
- all have similar molecular weight

64. Sympathetic nervous system

- preganglionic fibres are smaller than the postganglionic fibres
- preganglionic are unmyelinated
- synapse in the lateral horn
- preganglionic fibres carry pain

65. FRC
- is decreased by sympathetic block to T10
- increases with age
- increases with obesity
- increases in the last trimester of pregnancy
- when FRC is increased, the inhalational induction time is prolonged

66. Osmolality
- for urine can go upto 1400 mosm/ kg
- specific gravity of 1.040 is equivalent to 700 mosm/ kg

67. Uncompensated hemorrhagic shock

- increases the shunt fraction
- increases the physiological dead space
- increases the ADH
- can cause hypotension
- stimulates Renin

68. Renin is stimulated by

- ADH
- Aldosterone
- Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- Increased GFR

69. CO2 transport

- is carried from tissue to the blood in soluble form
- diffusion occurs at 0.8 times that of O2
- rate of formation is higher in the plasma than in the RBC
- in the venous blood the carbamino form in half that of the HCO3- form
- CO2 occupies only a fraction of that of the venous CO2 blood

70. Viscosity
- depends on the plasma protein concentration
 - depends on the temperature
- depends on polycythemia
- blood has a linear relationship with viscosity

71. Regarding local anaesthetics

- potency is directly proportional to lipid solubility
- onset is directly proportional to the dose of a drug
- ropivacaine is more potent than lignocaine

72. Chemical mediator released at the following sites is Ach

- parasympathetic preganglionic
- sympathetic preganglionic
- parasympathetic postganglionic
- sympathetic postganglionic of sweat glands
- sympathetic postganglionic that innervate the heart

73. Natural frequency of a system

- should be less that 40 Hz
- damping coefficient is 0.6
- should have a compliant manometer tubing
- should have a narrow manometer tubing
- should have a stiff diaphragm

74. Paramagnetic gases are

- O2
- NO
- N2
- CO2
- Helium

75. CSF
- is produced by the arachnoid villi
- is produced at the rate of 500 ml/day
- is absorbed by pacinian corpuscle

76. Pulse oximetry

- readings are decreased in vasoconstriction
- under reads with methylene blue
- is calibrated by making human volunteers breathe hypoxic air mixture
- is a form of plethysmography
- isobestic point is used

77. Regarding Oxygen Dissociation curve

- diffusing capacity of CO is 20 times that of O2
- CO Hb has the same shape as Oxy Hb curve
- anaemia will shift the curve to the left
 - p50 can be measured by the ODC
- hyperventilation shifts the curve to the left

78. Iron
- is absorbed in the ferrous form
- absorption is dependent of Erythropoietin
- absorption requires Haemosiderin
- only 50% of Fe is absorbed by the gut

79. Regarding statistics

- Chi square test is used to measure Normal data
- Student’s t test is used to measure non Normal data