Next Generation

Networks
Carlos Pupiales Y.
chpupiales@utn.edu.ec
Outline
• Introduction

• Benefits

• Architecture

• Requirements

• IMS and SIP

• IMS Services

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Introduction
• IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is set of standards, developed by 3GPP, for providing
IP based multimedia services including IP telephony.

• IMS provides real-time multimedia sessions such as voice session, video session,
conference session and non real-time multimedia sessions such as Push to talk,
Presence, instant messaging over an all-IP network.

• IMS targets convergence of services supplied indifferently by different types of

networks.

• The integration of Internet, mobile, and wire line services bring rich features and new
set of conveniences both for users as well operators.

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Introduction

• NGN services are provided by IMS which is located in the service stratum of NGN.

• IMS is an end-to-end architecture that is intended to be “access independent”, which

means that services delivery is implemented regardless of the device and access
medium.

• IMS provides a common framework and protocols that define how IP networks
handle voice calls and data sessions.

• The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has been chosen as a signaling mechanism to
control all the traffic in the network, allowing all network entities to communicate
with one another regarding service delivery network.

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Benefits to Users
• The use of Internet technologies will allow a seamless communication irrespective of
user’s location and the platform of communication, he is using. The users will be
required to use a single public identity for the services used.

• All services, such as voice, video, SMS, conferencing, IPTV etc. will be available on the
device being used. This will provide user with rich media experience.

• The users will be able to personalize their communication need such as preferred
medium of communication depending on who is calling etc.

• Users will be able to work in converged landline and wireless environment without
breaking the communication.

• Safe and secure communication.

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Benefits to Service Providers
• Use of IP backbone by IMS will provide an optimized transport and coding.

• IMS provides a common standardized platform with reusable components for

development of new services. This will reduce development time and allow roll out of
new multimedia services quickly.

• IMS has been designed keeping in mind quality of service (QoS) requirement, so that
the guaranteed bandwidth requirement can be met.

• IMS allow flexibility in charging users as per the services utilized by them.

• The open standards used by IMS allow inter-networking and interoperability

between various service providers. This enables them to provide seamless
communication to user irrespective of network he is in and the device he is using.
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Architecture
• IMS consist of three separate layers: the connectivity layer, the control layer and the
service layer:

• Connectivity Layer: This layer is composed of routers, switches and access elements that
sit at the edge of a provider's network and acts as entry or exit point.

• Control Layer: This layer comprises control servers which manage call or data session
set-up, modification and disconnect/release, servers for charging, operation and
management functions. Most important in this layer is the Call Session Control Function
(CSCF) which is the SIP server that handles call set-up between the end devices.

• Service Layer: This layer is made up of content or application servers providing a

multitude of enhanced service features for IMS-enabled networks.

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Architecture

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Architecture
• The core of the IMS architecture is the Call Session Control Functions (CSCF).

• CSCF performs all the signaling operations, manages SIP sessions and coordinates with
other network entities for session control, service control and resource allocation.

• CSCF consists of three different entities: the Proxy-CSCF (P-CSCF), the Interrogating-
CSCF (I-CSCF) and the Serving-CSCF (S-CSCF).

• The access point to IMS is the P-CSCF which acts as a SIP proxy server for all the user
equipment.

• Through the P-CSCF doesn’t pass bearers of traffic but all the SIP signaling from a user.
Keep in mind that P-CSCF is only a point of access to IMS and does not authenticate
within the IMS.
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Architecture
• The S-CSCF is the real core of the IMS, providing the point of control within the network
that enables operators to control all service delivery and all sessions.

• The S-CSCF is a SIP server having in charge of handling all the aspects of the services for
a subscriber, maintaining the status of the sessions the user has initiated and controlling
and delivering of the content.

• The Home Subscriber Server, HSS is a database that contains all subscribers’ data, like the
services that is allowed to access, the network in which he is granted to roam and the
information about the location of the subscriber.

• Once information about the subscriber has changed, the entire profile is sent to the S-
CSCF making it always synchronized with the HSS.

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Architecture
• The I-CSCF has in charge the location of the user. Locating a user means to determine
the S-CSCF that serves that user as well as the HSS in which his data are stored. The most
important role for the I-CSCF is the assignment of a S-CSCF for a user, according to the
service that must be supported or based on the geography.

• Another part not properly belonging to the IMS is the Media Gateway Control Function,
MGCF that connects the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) domain with the
IP/SIP domain, creating in this way a bridge between the SS7 signaling with the SIP
signaling in IMS.

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Requirements for IMS
• IP Connectivity: User must have IP connectivity to access IMS services and IPv6.

• Access Independence: Service can be provided over any network (GPRS, WLAN, xDSL)

• Ensures QoS: Terminal must be able to negotiate those parameters.

• IP Policy Control: Capability of authorize and control the usage of bearer traffic.

• Secure Communication: User is authenticated before using IMS services.

• Charging Arrangements: Different charging capabilities (postpaid or prepaid).

• Support Roaming: Using the service even if the user is not geographically located in the
service area of the home network.

• Interworking with other networks: Support connection to several and different networks.

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IMS y SIP
• SIP is an application-layer protocol that can establish, modify, and terminate multimedia
sessions over the Internet. A multimedia session is a set of senders and receivers and the data
streams owing from the senders to the receivers.

• SIP provides its own mechanisms for reliable transmission and can run over several different
transport protocols such as TCP, UDP, and SCTP.

• The following capabilities are provided by SIP for managing multimedia communications:

• Determine destination user’ scurrent location.

• Determine whether a user is willing to participate in a session.

• Determine the capabilities of a user’s terminal.

• Set up and manage a session

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IMS Services
• Push to Talk over Cellular (PoC):

• It consists of 1 to 1 or 1 to N voice connections between mobile phones.

• It makes use of Service Authentication, Floor Information Management and Message

Duplication and Transmission in 1 to n Communications.

• IMS-Based FMC Service:

• It allows to a MS to conect to 3G and Wlan netwoks depending on its location.

• It means when MS is in an outdoor environment it will connect to a 3G networks and

when it’s at home area, it will connect to a WLAN.

• IMS-Based IPTV Service:

• To provide IPTV through IMS-based NGN.

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Additional Info
• Please visit the following tutorials for further understanding:

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cLVoUIB438

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJV5lTs7rjE

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Next class: OTN

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