Ar Hojaj Katea in Mwareth
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Md Ashiqul Hoq AbdullahHak Cipta
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Ar Hojaj Katea in Mwareth
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Md Ashiqul Hoq AbdullahHak Cipta:
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ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﱠﻣﺔ
-ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ -
ﺍﳌﺘﻮﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٣٧٦ﻫـ
ﺍﻋﺘﲎ ﺎ
ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ
ﺱ
ﺚ ﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺒﺎ ٍ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﻓﻮﺍﺋ ﺪ ﻋﱠﻠﻘﹶـﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴ ﺦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿ ﹸﻞ :ﻓﻴﺼ ﹸﻞ ﺑ ﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳ ِﺰ ﺑ ﻦ ﻣﺒﺎﺭ ٍﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳ ِ
ﺾ ﺑﺄﻫﻠِﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑ ِﻘ ﻲ ﻓﻸَﻭﻟﹶﻰ ﺭﺟ ٍﻞ ﺫﻛ ٍﺮ « ،
ﺭﺿ ﻲ ﺍﻟﹸﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ِﺍﻟﻨﺒِﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ » :ﺃﳊِﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ
ﺾ ﻓﻸَﻭﻟﹶﻰ ﺭﺟٍ ﻞ
ﺖ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ
ﺏ ﺍﻟِﻠﻪ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺑ ﹶﻘ ﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎ ِ ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ٍﺔ » ﺍﻗﺴِﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ ِ
ﻱ ﻭﻣﺴﻠ ﻢ .ﺫﻛ ٍﺮ « .ﺭﻭﺍ ﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ
٢
ﻀﻞﹸ ﻋِﻠ ِﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋِﺾ (
) ﹶﻓ
ﺚ ،ﺟ ﻤﻊ " ﻓﺮﻳﻀﺔ " ﲟﻌﲎ :ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ،ﻭ ﺧﺼﺖ ﺾ ﻫﻲ :ﻗِﺴﻤﺔﹸ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳ ِ -ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ
ﺾ ﻟﻘﻮﻟ ِﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻧﺼِﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻣ ﹾﻔﺮﻭﺿﹰﺎ ﴾ .
ﺚ ﺑﺎﺳ ِﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ ِ
ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳ ﹸ
ﷲ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺿ ﻲ ﺍﻟﹸﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍ ِ
ﷲ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺭ ِ
ـ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ﺩ ﻭﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻣﺎﺟ ﹶﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ﺍ ِ
ﺤﻜﹶﻤ ﹲﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻨ ﹲﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤ ﹲﺔ ،
ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻗﺎﻝ » :ﺍﻟﻌﻠ ﻢ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹲﺔ -ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳِﻮﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻀ ﹲﻞ : -ﺁﻳﺔ ﻣ ﺍُ
ﺃﻭ ﻓﺮﻳﻀ ﹲﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﻟ ﹲﺔ « .
ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ » :ﺗﻌﱠﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﷲ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍ ُ ﷲ ﻋﻨ ﻪ ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ :ﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍ ِ -ﻭﻋ ِﻦ ﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ٍﺩ ﺭﺿ ﻲ ﺍ ُ
ﻉ ﻭﻳﻮ ِﺷﻚ
ﺽ ﻭﺍﹾﻟ ِﻌ ﹾﻠ ﻢ ﻣ ﺮﻓﹸﻮ
ﺾ ﻭ ﻋﱢﻠﻤﻮﻫﺎ ﻓِﺈﻧﻲ ﺍ ﻣ ﺮ ﺅ ﻣ ﹾﻘﺒﻮ ﺱ ﻭﺗﻌﱠﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺮﺍِﺋ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻘﺮﺁ ﹶﻥ ﻭ ﻋﱢﻠﻤﻮ ﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ
ﺨِﺒﺮﻫﻤﺎ « ﺫﻛ ﺮﻩ ﺃﲪ ﺪ ﺑ ﻦ ﺣﻨﺒﻞ ﰲ ﻼ ﻳﺠﺪﺍ ِﻥ ﹶﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﻳ ﺴﹶﺄﹶﻟ ِﺔ ﹶﻓ ﹶ
ﻀ ِﺔ ﻭﺍ ﹶﳌ
ﻒ ﺍﺛﻨﺎ ِﻥ ﰲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔﺮِﻳ ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﳜﺘِﻠ
ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ِﺔ ﺍﺑِﻨ ِﻪ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﷲ .
٣
) ﻓﺼﻞ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺙ (
) -١ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺽ ( :
ﻆ ) :ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩﺾ ﺑﺄﻫﻠِﻬﺎ « ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓ ﹸ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ » :ﺃﳊِﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ -ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ﻪ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍ ُ
ﻒ ﻧﺼﻔِﻪ ،
ﻒ ،ﻭﻧﺼﻔﹸﻪ ،ﻭﻧﺼ ﱃ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ﺏ ﺍﻟِﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎ ﹶ
ﺾ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺒﺎ ُﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﹸﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎ ِ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍِﺋ ِ
ﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ ( .
ﺤﻘﱡﻬﺎ ﺑﻨ
ﻒ ﻧﺼﻔِﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍ ﺩ ﺑﺄﻫﻠِﻬﺎ ﻣ ﻦ ﻳﺴﺘ ِ
ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎ ﹸﻥ ،ﻭﻧﺼﻔﹸﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻭﻧﺼ
ﻆ ﺍﻷُﻧﹶﺜﻴﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﹸﻛﻦِ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ -ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻳﻮﺻِﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﹶﻻ ِﺩﻛﹸ ﻢ ﻟِﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣﹾﺜﻞﹸ ﺣ ﱢ
ﻒ ﻭ َﻷﺑ ﻮﻳ ِﻪ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺼ ﺖ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻕ ﺍﹾﺛﻨﺘﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬ ﻦ ﹸﺛﹸﻠﺜﹶﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ ﹶﻓ ﻮ
ﺚ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟﻪ ﺱ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﻭ ﻭ ِﺭﹶﺛﻪ ﹶﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﻩ ﹶﻓﻸُ ﻣ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﹸﻠ ﹸ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ
ﺻﻴ ٍﺔ ﻳﻮﺻِﻲ ِﺑﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻳ ٍﻦ ﺁﺑﺂ ﺅ ﹸﻛ ﻢ ﻭﺃﹶﺑﻨﺎ ﺅ ﹸﻛ ﻢ ﹶﻻ ﺗ ﺪﺭﻭ ﹶﻥ ﹶﺃﻳ ﻬ ﻢ ﺱ ﻣِﻦ ﺑ ﻌ ِﺪ ﻭ ِ ِﺇ ﺧ ﻮ ﹲﺓ ﹶﻓﻸُ ﻣ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ
ﻀ ﹰﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ِﻪ ِﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ﻪ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻋﻠِﻴﻤﺎ ﺣﻜِﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﴾ ] ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ . [١١ : ﹶﺃ ﹾﻗ ﺮﺏ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻧﻔﹾﻌﹰﺎ ﹶﻓﺮِﻳ
ﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﹶﺃ ﺯﻭﺍ ﺟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﻬﻦ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ﻬﻦ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻜﹸﻢ ﺍﻟ ﺮﺑ ﻊ ﴿ ﻭﹶﻟﻜﹸ ﻢ ِﻧ
ﲔ ِﺑﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻳ ٍﻦ ﻭﹶﻟﻬ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﻊ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛﺘ ﻢ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﺻ ﺻﻴ ٍﺔ ﻳﻮ ِِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛ ﻦ ﻣِﻦ ﺑ ﻌ ِﺪ ﻭ ِ
ﺻﻴ ٍﺔ ﺗﻮﺻﻮ ﹶﻥ ِﺑﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻳ ٍﻦ ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺭ ﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱡ ﻤ ﻦ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑ ﻌ ِﺪ ﻭ ِ
ﻚﺱ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ ﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ﺮ ﻣِﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ ﺖ ﹶﻓِﻠﻜﹸ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ ﺥ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﹸﺃ ﺧ ﻼﹶﻟ ﹰﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍ ﻣ ﺮﹶﺃﹲﺓ ﻭﹶﻟﻪ ﹶﺃ
ﻳﻮ ﺭﺙﹸ ﹶﻛ ﹶ
ﺻﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ِﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻠ ﻪ ﻋﻠِﻴ ﻢ
ﺻﻴ ٍﺔ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ِﺑﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻳ ٍﻦ ﹶﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻣﻀﺂ ﺭ ﻭ ِ ﺚ ﻣِﻦ ﺑ ﻌ ِﺪ ﻭ ِﹶﻓ ﻬ ﻢ ﺷ ﺮﻛﹶﺎﺀ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﻠﹸ ِ
ﺣﻠِﻴ ﻢ ﴾ ] ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ . [ ١٢ :
ﺤِﺘﻬﺎ ﺍ َﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺭ ﺠﺮِﻱ ﻣِﻦ ﺗ ﺕ ﺗ ﻚ ﺣﺪﻭ ﺩ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ِﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳِ ﻄ ِﻊ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﹶﻟﻪ ﻳ ﺪ ِﺧ ﹾﻠ ﻪ ﺟﻨﺎ ٍ ﴿ ِﺗ ﹾﻠ
ﺺ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ﻪ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﺘ ﻌ ﺪ ﺣﺪﻭ ﺩﻩ ﻳ ﺪ ِﺧ ﹾﻠ ﻪ ﻧﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﺧﺎﻟِﺪﹰﺍ ﻚ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻔ ﻮ ﺯ ﺍﹾﻟ ﻌﻈِﻴ ﻢ * ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳ ﻌ ِ ﺧﺎِﻟﺪِﻳ ﻦ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﹶﺫِﻟ
ﲔ ﴾ ] ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ . [ ١٤ - ١٣ : ﺏ ﻣ ِﻬ ﻓِﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﹶﻟﻪ ﻋﺬﹶﺍ
ﺲ ﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﻭﹶﻟﻪ ﻚ ﹶﻟﻴ ﻼﹶﻟ ِﺔ ِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ﻣ ﺮ ﺅ ﻫﹶﻠ ﻚ ﻗﹸ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ ﻳ ﹾﻔﺘِﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹶ
ﺴﺘ ﹾﻔﺘﻮﻧ
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻳ
ﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﻭﻫ ﻮ ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛﻬﺎ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﺍﹾﺛﻨﺘﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﹸﻠﺜﹶﺎ ِﻥ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬﺎ ِﻧ ﹸﺃ ﺧ
ﻀﻠﱡﻮﹾﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ
ﻆ ﺍﻷُﻧﹶﺜﻴﻴ ِﻦ ﻳﺒﻴ ﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺃﹶﻥ ﺗ ِ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﻮﹾﺍ ِﺇ ﺧ ﻮ ﹰﺓ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭِﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﹶﻓﻠِﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣﹾﺜﻞﹸ ﺣ ﱢ
ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﺷ ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻋﻠِﻴ ﻢ ﴾ ] ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ . [ ١٧٦ :
٤
ﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺧﻮ ِﺓ
ﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎ ِ
ﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﻻ ِﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍ ِ
ﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﲑﺍ ِ
-ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻠﹶﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎ
ﺕ:ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍ ِ
ﻆ
ﺙ ﺍﻷﻭﻻ ِﺩ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟِﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﴿ : -ﻳﻮﺻِﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﹶﻻ ِﺩﻛﹸ ﻢ ﻟِﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣﹾﺜﻞﹸ ﺣ ﱢ -١ﻓﻤﲑﺍ ﹸ
ﻒ ﴾ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺼ ﺖ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ
ﻕ ﺍﹾﺛﻨﺘﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬ ﻦ ﹸﺛﹸﻠﺜﹶﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ
ﺍﻷُﻧﹶﺜﻴﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﹸﻛﻦِ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﹶﻓ ﻮ
ﺙ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ﹶﻞ . ﺛﻼ ﹸ
ﺱ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ
ﺙ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ -ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟِﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﴿ : -ﻭ َﻷﺑ ﻮﻳ ِﻪ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ -٢ﻭﻣﲑﺍ ﹸ
ﺱ
ﺚ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟﻪِ ﺇ ﺧ ﻮﹲﺓ ﹶﻓﻸُ ﻣ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ
ﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﻭ ﻭ ِﺭﹶﺛﻪ ﹶﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﻩ ﹶﻓﻸُ ﻣ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﹸﻠ ﹸ
ﺙ ﻣﺴﺎﺋ ﹶﻞ . ﴾ ﻭﻓِﻴ ِﻪ ﺛﻼ ﹸ
ﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﹶﺃ ﺯﻭﺍ ﺟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ
ﱃ ﴿ : -ﻭﹶﻟﻜﹸ ﻢ ِﻧ
ﺝ -ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟِﻪ ﺗﻌﺎ ﹶ ﺙ ﺍﻷﺯﻭﺍ ِ -٣ﻭﻣﲑﺍ ﹸ
ﱠﻟ ﻬﻦ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ﻬﻦ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻜﹸﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﻊ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛ ﻦ ﴾ ﻭﻓﻴـﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﺎ ِﻥ .
ﺕ -ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟِﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﴿ : -ﻭﹶﻟﻬ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﻊ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛﺘ ﻢ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﺙ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟ ِﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎ ِ - ٤ﻭﻣﲑﺍ ﹸ
ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱡ ﻤ ﻦ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛﺘﻢ ﴾ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﺎﻥ .
ﻼﹶﻟ ﹰﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ
ﺙ ﺍﻹﺧﻮ ِﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ﻡ -ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟِﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﴿ : -ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺭ ﺟ ﹲﻞ ﻳﻮ ﺭﺙﹸ ﹶﻛ ﹶ - ٥ﻭﻣﲑﺍ ﹸ
ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﻬ ﻢ ﺷ ﺮﻛﹶﺎﺀ ﻓِﻲ
ﺱ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ ﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ﺮ ﻣِﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ
ﺖ ﹶﻓِﻠﻜﹸ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ
ﺥ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﹸﺃ ﺧ
ﺍ ﻣ ﺮﹶﺃﹲﺓ ﻭﹶﻟﻪ ﹶﺃ
ﺻﻴ ٍﺔ ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ِﺑﻬﺎ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﺩﻳ ٍﻦ ﹶﻏﻴ ﺮ ﻣﻀﺂ ﺭ ﴾ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺘﺎﻥ . ﺚ ﻣِﻦ ﺑ ﻌ ِﺪ ﻭ ِ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﻠﹸ ِ
ﻚ ﻗﹸ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ ﻳ ﹾﻔﺘِﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻓِﻲ
ﺴﺘ ﹾﻔﺘﻮﻧ
ﺏ -ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟِﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﴿ : -ﻳ ﺙ ﺍﻹﺧﻮ ِﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ِ - ٦ﻭﻣﲑﺍ ﹸ
ﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﻭﻫ ﻮ ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛﻬﺎ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟﻬﺎ
ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬﺎ ِﻧ ﺲ ﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﻭﹶﻟﻪ ﹸﺃ ﺧ ﻚ ﹶﻟﻴ ﻼﹶﻟ ِﺔ ِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ﻣ ﺮ ﺅ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹶ
ﻆ
ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﺍﹾﺛﻨﺘﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﹸﻠﺜﹶﺎ ِﻥ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﻮﹾﺍ ِﺇ ﺧ ﻮ ﹰﺓ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭِﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﹶﻓﻠِﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣﹾﺜﻞﹸ ﺣ ﱢ
ﻀﻠﱡﻮﹾﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﹼﻠ ﻪ ِﺑ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﺷ ﻲ ٍﺀ ﻋﻠِﻴ ﻢ ﴾ ﻭﻓِﻴﻪ ﺃﺭﺑ ﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ . ﺍﻷُﻧﹶﺜﻴﻴ ِﻦ ﻳﺒﻴ ﻦ ﺍﻟﹼﻠ ﻪ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺃﹶﻥ ﺗ ِ
٥
) -٢ﺍﻹﺭﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ ( :
ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ » :ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑ ِﻘ ﻲ « ﺃﻱ :ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﺽ » ، ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ﻪ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍ ُ
ﺙ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﱠﻄﺎﰊ : ﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﻭ ِ ﺴ ِ ﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨ ﻱ ِ :ﻟ ﻤ ﻦ ﻳﻜﹸﻮ ﹸﻥ ﺃﻗﺮ ﻓﻸَﻭﻟﹶﻰ ﺭﺟ ٍﻞ ﺫﻛ ٍﺮ « ،ﺃ
ﺼﺒ ِﺔ ( .
ﺏ ﺭﺟٍ ﻞ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟ ﻌ ) ﺍﳌ ﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻗﺮ
ﺐ
ﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﻮﺑ ِﺔ ،ﻭﺳﺒ ﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻘﺎ ِ -ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻱ ) :ﻗﻮﻟﻪ " ﹶﺫﻛﹶﺮ " ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺳﺒ ِ
ﺤ ﹸﻘﻬﻢ
ﻆ ﺍﻷﻧﹶﺜﻴﻴ ِﻦ ،ﻭﺣﻜﻤﺘ ﻪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎ ِﻝ ﺗﻠ
ﺙ ،ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﺟﻌِﻞ ﻟﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ﻣﺜ ﹸﻞ ﺣ ﱢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺟﻴ ِﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻹ ﺭ ِ
ﺍ ﹸﳌﺆﻥ :ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎ ِﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﺎ ِﻝ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﻔﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺇﺭﻓﺎ ِﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺻﺪﻳ ﻦ ،ﻭﻣﻮﺍﺳﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠِﲔ ،ﻭﻏ ِﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ( .
ﺏ،ﺏ ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮ -ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ) :ﺃ ﺟ ﻤﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻘﹶﻰ ﺑﻌ ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﹸﺮﻭﺽ ﻟﻠ ﻌﺼﺒ ِﺔ ﻳﻘﹼﺪ ﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﺮ
ﺲ
ﺴ ِﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑ ِﺔ ﻟﻴ
ﺐ ،ﻭ"ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒ ﹸﺔ" :ﻛﻞﱡ ﺫ ﹶﻛ ٍﺮ ﻳ ﺪﻟِﻲ ﺑﻨﻔ ِ ﺐ ﻗﺮﻳ ٍ ﺐ ٌﺑﻌﻴ ﺪ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﺻ ﻓﻼ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﻋﺎﺻ
ﺽ ﻏﻴِﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻐ ِﺮﻗِﲔ ﺖ ﺃﹸﻧﺜﻰ ،ﻓﻤِﻦ ﺍﻧﻔ ﺮ ﺩ ﺃ ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﲨﻴ ﻊ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﻝ ،ﻭﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻭِﻱ ﻓﺮ ٍ ﺑﻴﻨ ﻪ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﳌﻴ ِ
ﲔ ﻓﻼ ﺷ ﻲ َﺀ ﹶﻟﻪ ( ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ .
ﺴﺘ ﻐ ِﺮِﻗ
ﺃ ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑ ِﻘ ﻲ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻣﻊ ﻣ
ﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﺎﺕ :
-ﻭﺃﻗﺮ
ﺏ -٤ ،ﰒ ﺍﳉ ﺪ ]ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺏ[ - -١ﺍﻟﺒﻨ ﻮﺓ -٢ ،ﰒ ﺑﻨﻮﻫﻢ ﻭﺇﻥ -ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﹸﻠﻮﺍ -٣ ، -ﰒ ﺍﻷ
ﺏ -٦ ،ﰒ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺓ -٧ ،ﹸﺛﻢ ﺑﻨﻮﻫﻢ -ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﹸﻠﻮﺍ - ﺥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ِﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻼ -٥ ، -ﱠﰒ ﺍﻷ
ﺏ -١١ ،ﰒ -٨ ،ﰒ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎ ﻡ -٩ ،ﰒ ﺑﻨﻮﻫﻢ -ﻭﺇﻥ ﺳﻔﹸﻠﻮﺍ َ -١٠ ] ، -ﰒ ﺃﻋﻤﺎ ﻡ ﺍﻷ ِ
ﺏ- ﺏ ﺃﻗﺮ ﺏ ﺃﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺑﲏ ﺃ ٍ ﺑﻨﻮﻫﻢ -١٢،ﰒ ﺃﻋﻤﺎ ﻡ ﺍﳉ ﺪ -١٣ ،ﰒ ﺑﻨﻮﻫﻢ ،ﻻ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺃ ٍ
ﻭﺇ ﹾﻥ ﻧ ﺰﻟﹸﻮﺍ . [ -
ﺥ
ﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﻷ ِ
ﺥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ِ
ﺏ ،ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻷ
-ﻭﻣﻦ ﹶﺃ ﺩﻟﹶﻰ ﺑﺄﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﺩﻟﹶﻰ ﺑﺄ ٍ
ﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﻋ ﻢ
ﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋ ﻢ ﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ ،ﻭﻳ ﹶﻘﺪ ﻡ ﻋﻢ ﻷ ٍ
ﺥﻷ ٍ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﻳ ِﻦ ،ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﺍﻷ ِ
ﻷﺑﻮﻳﻦ .
٦
ﺙ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﳌ ﻌِﺘﻖ ﰒ ﻋﺼﺒﺎﺗ ﻪ ﻣِﻦ ﺑ ﻌﺪِﻩ .
ﺐ ﻭ ِﺭ ﹶ
ﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒ ﹸﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴ ِ
-ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻧﻘﺮ
-ﻭﻻ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎ ُﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻ ِﺀ ﺇﻻ ﻣ ِﻦ ﺃﻋﺘ ﹾﻘ ﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﺘ ﹶﻘﻪ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃﻋﺘ ﹾﻘ ﻦ .
ﺖ:
-ﻭﺟِﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻌﺼﻮﺑﺔ ِﺳ ﱞ
-١ﺍﻟﹸﺒﻨﻮﺓ -٢ ،ﹸﺛﻢ ﺍﻷﺑﻮﺓ -٣ ،ﹸﺛﻢ ﺍ ُﻷ ﺧﻮﺓ -٤ ،ﹸﺛﻢ ﺑﻨﻮ ﺍ ُﻷ ﺧﻮﺓ - ٥ ،ﹸﺛﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣ ﹸﺔ -٦ ،
ﹸﺛﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻ ُﺀ .
ﺏ ﺩﺭﺟ ﹰﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺏ ِﺟ ﻬ ﹰﺔ ،ﻓﺈ ﹾﻥ ﺍﺳﺘ ﻮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻷﻗﺮ
-ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤ ﻊ ﻋﺎﺻﺒﺎ ِﻥ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﹶﺮ ﹸﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﺮ
ﻱ – ﺭ ِﺣ ﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﹸﻠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ–:
ﳉﻌﺒﺮ
ﺏ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻗﻮ ِﻝ ﺍ ﹸ ﺍﺳﺘ ﻮﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﹸﻗﺪﻡ ﻣ ﻦ ﻷﺑ ﻮﻳ ِﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻷ ٍ
ﻼ
ﻭﺑﻌ ﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪ ﱘ ﺑﺎﻟﻘـُ ﻮ ِﺓ ﺍﺟـ ﻌ ﹶ ﺑﻘﹸ ﺮِﺑ ِﻪ ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪ ﱘ ـ ﻬ ِﺔ
ﻓﺒﺎﳉ ِ
ﳉ ﺪ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﲨﻴ ﻊ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹾﱂ ﻳ ﹸﻜ ﻦﺚ ) (١ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍ ﹶ ﻱ ﺭﺣِﻤ ﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ِ -ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺪ ﱠﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ
ﺐ ،ﻭﻗﹶﺎ ﹶﻝ :
ﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺼﻴ ِ ﺥ ﻣِﻦ ﺍ ُﻷﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋ ﻢ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﹶﺮ ِ ﺏ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷ ﺩﻭﻧ ﻪ ﺃ
) " ﺑﺎﺏ ﻣﲑﺍﺙ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳ ﹸﻜ ﻦ ﺍﺑ ﻦ " ،ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺯﻳ ﺪ ﻭﹶﻟﺪ ﺍﻷﺑﻨﺎ ِﺀ ﲟﱰﻟ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﹶﻟ ِﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹾﱂ
ﻳ ﹸﻜ ﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻬﻢ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛ ﺮ ،ﻭ ﹶﺫ ﹶﻛﺮﻫ ﻢ ﻛ ﹶﺬ ﹶﻛ ِﺮﻫِﻢ ،ﻭﹸﺃﻧﺜﹶﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻛﹸﺄﻧﺜﹶﺎﻫﻢ ،ﻳ ِﺮﺛﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ِﺮﺛﹸﻮ ﹶﻥ ،
ﺠﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﻭﻟ ﺪ ﺍﻻﺑ ِﻦ ﻣ ﻊ ﺍﻻﺑ ِﻦ( ﺤِ ﺠﺒﻮ ﹶﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ
ﺤِ ﻭﻳ
ﻱ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ : ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ
ﺱ ﴿:ﻳـﺎ ﺑـﲏ ﺁﺩ ﻡ ﴾، ﳉ ﺪ ﺃﺏ" ،ﻭﻗﺮﹶﺃ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋﺒﺎ ٍ ﺱ ﻭﺍﺑ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ "ﺍ ﹶ ) ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜ ٍﺮ ﻭﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋﺒﺎ ٍ
ﻒ ﺃﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﹾـ ٍﺮ ﰲ ﺏ ﴾ ،ﻭﱂ ﻳﺬ ﹶﻛ ﺮ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﹰﺍ ﺧﺎﹶﻟ ﺖ ِﻣﻠﱠ ﹶﺔ ﺁﺑﺎﺋِﻲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴ ﻢ ﻭﺇﺳﺤ ﻖ ﻭﻳﻌﻘﻮ ﴿ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌ
ﺱ ) :ﻳ ِﺮﺛﹸﲏ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﺍﺑـﲏ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻣﺘﻮﺍِﻓﺮﻭﻥ ،ﻭﻗﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋﺒﺎ ٍ ﱯ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍ ُ ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨ ﺯﻣﺎِﻧ ِﻪ ،ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎ
ﺩﻭ ﹶﻥ ﺇ ﺧﻮﰐ ،ﻭﻻ ﺃ ِﺭﺙﹸ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﺍﺑﻨِﻲ ( ،ﻭﻳﺬ ﹶﻛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋ ﻤ ﺮ ﻭ ﻋِﻠ ﻲ ﻭﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮ ٍﺩ ﻭﺯﻳ ٍﺪ ﺃﻗﺎﻭﻳـ ﹸﻞ
ﳐﺘﻠﻔ ﹲﺔ ( .ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ .
ﺾ ﺑﺄﻫﻠِﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑ ِﻘ ﻲ ﻓﻸَﻭﻟﹶﻰ ﺭﺟ ٍﻞ ﺫﻛ ٍﺮ ( .
ﺃﻱ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ) :ﺃﳊِﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ 1
٧
ﺱ :ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﺍﻻﺑ ِﻦ ﳌﱠﺎ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﻛﺎﻻﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻋ ﺪ ِﻡ ﺍﻻﺑ ِﻦ
ﺱ ﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺒﺎ ٍ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﺒ ﺮ ) :ﻭ ﺟ ﻪ ﻗﻴﺎ ِ
ﺏ(. ﺏ ﻛﺎﻷ ِ ﺏ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ﻋﺪ ِﻡ ﺍﻷ ِ ،ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻷ ِ
ﺝ " :ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺥ ُﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻵ ﺧﺮ ﺯﻭ ﺏ ﺍﺑﻨ ﻲ ﻋ ﻢ ﺃﺣ ﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﺃ
ﻱ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ " ) :ﺑﺎ -ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ
ﺱ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑ ِﻘ ﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧِﺼﻔﹶﺎﻥ ( . ﺥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ ﻒ ،ﻭﻟﻸ ِ ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ﻟﻠﺰﻭ ِ
ﺖ
ﺝ ﹸﺃ ﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﺄﺗ ﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺑ ٍﻦ ،ﰒ ﺗﺰ ﻭ ﺝ ﺍﻣﺮﺃ ﹰﺓ ﻓﺄﺗ ﻼ ﺗﺰ ﻭ
ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻆ ) :ﺻﻮ ﺭﺗﻬﺎ :ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺭﺟ ﹰ
ﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ُﻷﻣـ ِﻪ ﺖ ،ﹶﻓ ِﻬ ﻲ ﹸﺃ ﺧ ﻕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴ ﹶﺔ ﻓﺘﺰ ﻭﺟﻬﺎ ﺃﺧﻮ ﻩ ،ﻓﺄﺗ
ﺖ ِﻣﻨﻪ ﺑِﺒﻨ ٍ ﻣﻨ ﻪ ﺑﺂ ﺧ ﺮ ،ﹸﺛﻢ ﻓﺎ ﺭ
ﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻬﺎ ( ﺖ ﺍﻻﺑ ﻦ ﺍﻷ ﻭ ﹶﻝ -ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋﻤﻬﺎ -ﹰﺛ ﻢ ﻣﺎﺗ ﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨ ﻭﺍﺑﻨ ﹸﺔ ﻋ ﻤ ِﻪ ،ﻓﺘ ﺰﱠﻭ ﺟ
ﺱ ﻟﻜﻮِﻧ ِﻪ ﻒ ﻟﻜﻮِﻧ ِﻪ ﺯﻭﺟﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻳﻌﻄﹶﻰ ﺍﻵﺧ ﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ ﺝ ﻳﻌﻄﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ﺻﻠﹸﻪ : ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ) :ﻭﺣﺎ ِ
ﺽﺼ ﺢ ﻟﻸﻭ ِﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎ ِﻥ ﺑﺎﻟ ﹶﻔ ﺮ ِ ﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳ ِﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺑ ِﺔ ﻓﻴ ِ ﺚ ﻓﻴﻘ
ﺃﺧﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﻡ ،ﻓﻴﺒﻘﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ
ﺐ ،ﻭﻟﻸﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ ( .ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ . ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺼﻴ ِ
ﺽ ﺑ ﹶﻘ ﺪ ِﺭ
ﺽ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹶﻝ ﻭ ﹾﱂ ﻳ ﹸﻜ ﻦ ﻋﺼﺒ ﹲﺔ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻭِﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭ ِ
ﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭ -ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﹾﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻋ
ﻓﹸﺮﻭﺿِﻬﻢ ،ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺔ .
) -٣ﺫﻭﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎﻡ ( :
ﺙ ﹶﺫ ﻭ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺣﺎ ِﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﱰﻳﻞِ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﲡ ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﹸﻛ ﱠﻞ ﺽ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺼﺒ ﹲﺔ ﻭ ِﺭ ﹶ -ﻓﺈ ﹾﻥ ﹾﱂ ﻳ ﹸﻜ ﻦ ﺫﹸﻭ ﹶﻓ ﺮ
ﺖ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﻝ ] ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﹰﺎ [ ﻟﻘﻮ ِﻝ ﺙ ِﻣ ﻦ ﺑﻴ ِ
ﺺ ﲟﱰﻟ ِﺔ ﻣ ﻦ ﺃ ﺩﻟﹶﻰ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭ ﻫ ﻢ ﺃ ﺣ ﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﲑﺍ ِﺨ ٍ
ﺷ
ﺙ ﹶﻟﻪ . « ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ﺩ . ﳋﺎ ﹸﻝ ﻭﺍ ِﺭﺙﹸ ﻣ ﻦ ﻻ ﻭﺍ ِﺭ ﹶ
ﱯ »: ﺍ ﹶ ﺍﻟﻨ
ﱯ ﺕ ﺭﺟ ﹲﻞ ِﻣ ﻦ ﺧﺰﺍ ﻋ ﹶﺔ ﻓﺄﹸِﺗ ﻲ ﺍﻟﻨ -ﻭﺭﻭﻯ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﹶﺓ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ ) :ﻣﺎ
ﲟﲑﺍﺛِﻪ ﻓﻘﺎ ﹶﻝ » :ﺍﹾﻟﺘ ِﻤﺴﻮﺍ ﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺭِﺛﹰﺎ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺭ ِﺣ ٍﻢ « .ﻓﻠﻢ ﳚِﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺫﺍ ﺭﺣﻢ ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ
٨
ﺭﺳﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺍﷲ » : ﺃ ﻋﻄﹸﻮ ﻩ ﺍﹾﻟ ﹸﻜﺒ ﺮ ِﻣ ﻦ ﺧﺰﺍ ﻋ ﹶﺔ « - ،ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳ ٍﺔ -ﻗﺎﻝ » :ﺍﻧ ﹸﻈﺮﻭﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﺒ ﺮ ﺭﺟٍ ﻞ
ِﻣ ﻦ ﺧﺰﺍ ﻋ ﹶﺔ « ] .ﺭﻭﺍ ﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭ ﺩ [ .
ﺚ ﺩﻟﻴ ﹲﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ : ] ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ِ
ﺃ -ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﺍﻻﺑ ِﻦ ﻳﺤﻮ ﺯ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹾﱂ ﻳ ﹸﻜ ﻦ ﺩﻭﻧـ ﻪ ﺍﺑ ﻦ .
ﺏ.
ـ ﺪ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﲨﻴ ﻊ ﺍﳌﺎ ِﻝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﹾﱂ ﻳ ﹸﻜ ﻦ ﺩﻭﻧﻪ ﺃ ﺏ -ﻭﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳉ َ
ﺐ.
ﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺼِﻴ ِ ﺥ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻷ ﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋ ﻢ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﹶﺮ ِ ﺝ -ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻷ
ﺝ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻋ ﻢ [ . ﺩ -ﻭﻛﹶﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻭ
ﺖ
ﺏ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﺗﺮ ﹶﻛ
ﺾ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﺎ ِ ﺴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺎ ﹶﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ ِ
-ﻗﻮﹸﻟ ﻪ - :ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ » -ﺍﻗ ِ
ﺾ ﻓﻸَﻭﻟﹶﻰ ﺭﺟ ٍﻞ ﹶﺫﻛﹶﺮ « " ،ﺃﻱ :ﹶﻗﺴﻤﻮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ِﻭ ﹾﻓ ِﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﹸﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑِﻪ - ،ﻳﺸﲑ
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋ
ﺕ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ِﺓ ﰲ ﺃ ﻭ ِﻝ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ " ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ " ﻭﰲ ﺁﺧﺮﻫﺎ . - ﺇﱃ ﺍﻵﻳﺎ ِ
٩
] ﻓﺼﻞ [
ﺖ ﻋﺸﺮ ﹶﺓ ﻣﺴﺄﻟ ٍﺔ [ ): (١
ﺚﺳ
ﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳ ِ
ﺖ ﺁﻳﺎ
] ﻭﺗﻀ ﻤﻨ
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺑﻨﺖ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ِﺔ ﺃﺳﻬ ٍﻢ :ﻟﻼﺑ ِﻦ ﺳﻬﻤﺎﻥ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺖ ﺳﻬﻢ ،ﺃﻭ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ،ﻟﻜ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍﺣ ٍﺪ ﺳﻬ ﻢ ،ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑ ٍﻦ ﻭﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﻓﻤﻦ ،ﻭﻟﻠﺒﻨ ِ
ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻤﻦ ﲬﺴﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ ﻭﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ،ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ
ﺳﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺳﻬﻢ،ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺜﺮﻭﺍ .
ﻆ ﺍﻷُﻧﹶﺜﻴﻴ ِﻦ ﴾ .
ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌــﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻳﻮﺻِﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ ﻓِﻲ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﹶﻻ ِﺩﻛﹸ ﻢ ﻟِﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣﹾﺜﻞﹸ ﺣ ﱢ
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﻭﺃﺥ ﺷﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﻷﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ]ﺑﻨﺎﺕ[ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻕ
ﻭﺃﺥ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ :ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺘﲔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎﻥ ﺳﻬﻤﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﴿ :ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﹸﻛﻦِ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﹶﻓ ﻮ
ﺍﹾﺛﻨﺘﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬ ﻦ ﹸﺛﹸﻠﺜﹶﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﴾ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸﺥ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ » : ﺃﳊﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ
ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻸﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ « .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺥ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ :ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻒ ﴾ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﺥ
ﺼ ﺖ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ﺪ ﹰﺓ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗـﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ ﴿ :ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ
ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ.
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃ ﻡ ﻭﺃﺏ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﻨﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻭﺑﻨﺖ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ،ﻟﻸﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ،ﻭﻟﻸﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ:
ﺱ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﴾ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻨﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ
﴿ ﻭ َﻷﺑ ﻮﻳ ِﻪ ِﻟ ﹸﻜﻞﱢ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ
ﺏ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ .
ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﻟﻸﺑﻮﻳﻦ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﹸﻩ ﺍﻷ
1ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﻁ ) ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ( .
١٠
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﻡ ﻭﺃﺏ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ :ﻟﻸﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ، -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺚ﴾. ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸﺏ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﻭ ﻭ ِﺭﹶﺛﻪ ﹶﺃﺑﻮﺍ ﻩ ﹶﻓﻸُ ﻣ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﹸﻠ ﹸ
ﺏ ﻭﺯﻭﺟ ٍﺔ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﻟﻸﻡ ﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺃ ﻡ ﻭﺃ ٍ -ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸﺏ .
ﻒ ﺛﻼﺛ ﹲﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻸﻡ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ
ﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ
ﺏ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘ ٍﺔ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭ ِ
ﺝ ﻭﺃ ﻡ ﻭﺃ ٍ
ﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺯﻭ ٍ
-ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠ
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺛﻠﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸﺏ .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃ ﻡ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺥ ﻭﺃﺧﺖ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺱ
﴿ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟﻪِ ﺇ ﺧ ﻮﹲﺓ ﹶﻓﻸُ ﻣ ِﻪ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ ﺳﺘﺔ :ﻟﻸﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ :
ﺚ.
ﺐ ﺍﻷ ﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﹸ ِ
ﺠ
﴾ ﻭﺃﻣـﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣ ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺧﻮ ِﺓ ﻓﻼ ﳛ
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻭﻋ ﻢ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﹶﺃ ﺯﻭﺍ ﺟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﻬﻦ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﴾
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻭﹶﻟﻜﹸ ﻢ ِﻧ
ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻢ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ » : ﺃﳊﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻸﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ
ﺫﻛﺮ « .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ،ﺃﻭ ﺑﻨﺖ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺑﻨﺖ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﻟﺪ ﻟﻠﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﻆ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻴﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ :
﴿ ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ﻬﻦ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻜﹸﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﻊ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛ ﻦ ﴾ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻨﺘﹰﺎ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ
ﻷﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ .
ﺕ
ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﲏ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺳﻬ ﻤﺎ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎ ِ
ﺐ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ » : ﺃﳊِـﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎ ِﻥ ﲦﺎﻧﻴ ﹸﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺻ ِ
ﻓﻸﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ « .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻢ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﻊ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻭﺍﺣ ﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻭﹶﻟﻬ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑ ﻊ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛﺘ ﻢ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﴾ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻻﺑﻦ
ﺍﻟﻌﻢ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ .
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ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻼﺑﻦ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻨﺘﹰﺎ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻷﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ،ﻭﺇﻥ
ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﻨﺘﲔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻬﻤﺎ :ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ
ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﹶﻟ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬ ﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱡ ﻤ ﻦ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﹾﻛﺘﻢ ﴾ ﻭﻟﻠﺒﻨﺘﲔ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎﻥ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺻﺐ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﹸﻪ » : ﺃﳊِـﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻸﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ
«.
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﺥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻡ ،ﻭﻋﻦ ﺃﺥ ﻷﺏ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻟﻸﺥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ ﺭ ﺟ ﹲﻞ
ﺱ﴾. ﺖ ﹶﻓِﻠﻜﹸ ﱢﻞ ﻭﺍ ِﺣ ٍﺪ ﻣﻨ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ
ﺥ ﹶﺃ ﻭ ﹸﺃ ﺧ
ﻼﹶﻟ ﹰﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍ ﻣ ﺮﹶﺃﹲﺓ ﻭﹶﻟﻪ ﹶﺃ
ﻳﻮ ﺭﺙﹸ ﹶﻛ ﹶ
ﺏ ،ﻭﻻ ﺟ ﺪ ، - " -ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻼﻟﺔ " ﻣﻦ ] ﻻ ﻭﻟ ﺪ ﻟ ﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍِﻟ ﺪ ،ﺃﻱ [ :ﻻ ﻭﻟ ﺪ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﺃ
ﺚ. ﺏ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳ ِ ﺥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ِ ﻸِ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟ َ
ﺖ[ ﺥ ﻭﺃﺧ ٍ ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﺧﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺘﲔ ] ،ﺃﻭ ﺃ ٍ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺚ
،ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ِﺔ ﺇﺧﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ﻡ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ،ﻭﻋﻦ ﻣﻌِﺘ ٍﻖ ،ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛ ٍﺔ ،ﻟﻺﺧﻮ ِﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻠ ﹸ
ﻚ ﹶﻓ ﻬ ﻢ
ﻭﺍﺣ ﺪ -ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ، -ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧ ﻮﹾﺍ ﹶﺃ ﹾﻛﹶﺜ ﺮ ﻣِﻦ ﹶﺫِﻟ
ﺚ ﴾ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌِﺘ ِﻖ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﹸﻪ » : ﺃﳊِـﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺷ ﺮﻛﹶﺎﺀ ﻓِﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﻠﹸ ِ
ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻸﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ « ،ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ » : ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ ﻟﹸﺤﻤ ﹲﺔ ﻛﻠﹸﺤﻤ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ « ،ﻭﻗﻮﻟﻪ
» : ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻻ َﺀ ﻟِﻤﻦ ﺃﻋﺘ ﻖ « .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﺧﺖ ﻷﺏ ﻭﻋ ﻢ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ ، -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻚ ﻗﹸ ِﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﹼ ﻪ ﻳ ﹾﻔﺘِﻴ ﹸﻜ ﻢ ﻓِﻲ
ﺴﺘ ﹾﻔﺘﻮﻧ
ﻒ ﻭﺍﺣ ﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻳ ﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ِ ﻟﻸُﺧ ِ
ﺼﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﴾ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻌ ﻢ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺖ ﹶﻓﹶﻠﻬﺎ ِﻧ
ﺲ ﹶﻟﻪ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﻭﹶﻟﻪ ﹸﺃ ﺧ
ﻚ ﹶﻟﻴ
ﻼﹶﻟ ِﺔ ِﺇ ِﻥ ﺍ ﻣ ﺮ ﺅ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺍﹾﻟ ﹶﻜ ﹶ
ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ .
١٢
-ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧﺖ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺥ ﻷﺏ ،ﻓﻠﻠﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸﺥ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻷﺏ .
ﺥ
ﻒ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸ ِ
ﺏ ،ﻓﻠﻠﺸﻘﻴﻘ ِﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ
ﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃ ٍ
ﺖ ﺷﻘﻴﻘ ٍﺔ ﻭﺃﺥ ﻭﺃﺧ ٍ
] -ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻠﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧ ٍ
ﻆ ﺍﻷﻧﺜﻴﲔ . [ -
ﺏ -ﻟﻠﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣ ﹼﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷ ِ
ﻭﺍﻷﺧ ِ
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﺥ ﻷﺏ ﻓﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ
-ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
﴿ ﻭﻫ ﻮ ﻳ ِﺮﹸﺛﻬﺎ ﺇِﻥ ﱠﻟ ﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﱠﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﹶﻟ ﺪ ﴾ .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﺧﺘﲔ ﻷﺏ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ : -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ِ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻟﻸﺧﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﹶﻓﺈِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺘﺎ ﺍﹾﺛﻨﺘﻴ ِﻦ ﹶﻓﹶﻠ ﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﱡﹸﻠﺜﹶﺎ ِﻥ ِﻣﻤﺎ ﺗ ﺮ ﻙ ﴾
ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺻﺐ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴ ﹸﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﹸﻪ » : ﺃﳊِﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺋﺾ ﺑﺄﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻸﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ
«.
ﺏ ﻓﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻟﻠﺬﻛﺮ ﺳﻬﻤﺎﻥ ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺇﺧﻮﺓ ﻷ ٍ -ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ :ﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻆ
ﻭﻟﻸﻧﺜﻰ ﺳﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﴿ :ﻭﺇِﻥ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﻮﹾﺍ ِﺇ ﺧ ﻮ ﹰﺓ ﺭﺟﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭِﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﹶﻓﻠِﻠﺬﱠ ﹶﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣﹾﺜﻞﹸ ﺣ ﱢ
ﺍﻷُﻧﹶﺜﻴﻴ ِﻦ ﴾ .
ﻒ ،ﻭﻻﺑﻨ ِﺔ ﺍﻻﺑ ِﻦ
ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺑﻨﺖ ﻭﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻭﺃﺧﺖ ،ﻓﻠﻠﺒﻨ ِ ] -ﻭﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻱﺕ ،ﻟِﻤﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ
ﺕ ﻋﺼﺒﺎ ﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎ ِ
ﺖ ﺗﻌﺼﻴﺒﺎﹰ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺍ ِ
ﺱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸﺧ ِ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ
ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ » :ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻭﻻﺑﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ،
ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻠﻸﺧﺖ « .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﺧﺖ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺖ ﻷﺏ ،ﻓﻠﻠﺸﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ،ﻭﻟﻸﺧﺖ ﻣﻦ
-ﻭﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻟﺘﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻸﻭﱃ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ [ .
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺙ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﺃﻭ
-ﻭﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ .
١٣
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻭﺃﻡ ﻭﺃﺧﺘﲔ ﻷﺏ ﻭﺇﺧﻮﺓ ﻷﻡ ﻓﺄﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ، -ﻭﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﻭﺗﻌﻮ ﹸﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌـَﻮﻝ :ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﻧﺼﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺛﺔ ؛ ﻓﻠﻠﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ
ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻸﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﺱ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﻟﻸﺧﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ،ﻭﻟﻺﺧﻮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻡ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺚ
ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ .
ﺽ
ﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﺘﺄ ﺧ ﹸﺬ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭ ﺠ ﺽ ،ﻭﱂ ﳛ
ﺖ ﺍﻟ ﹸﻔﺮﻭ
-ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺯﺩﺣـ ﻤ
ﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﺎ ﻡ ﻓﺈﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻬِﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﻝ ،
ﺾ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﺑﹶﻠ ﻐ
ﻀﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌ ٍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻ ِﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟ ِﺔ ﻭﺗ
ﷲ ﺃﻋﻠ ﻢ .
ﻭﺍ ُ
ﺗِﺘﻤـﺔ
-ﻭﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑ ٍﺮ ﺭﺿ ﻲ ﺍﻟﹸﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ
ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻓﻘﺎﻟﺖ :ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺎﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﺎ ﺳﻌ ِﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻴﻊ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺃﺑﻮﳘﺎ ﻣﻌﻚ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺷﻬﻴﺪﺍ
ﻉ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻜﺤﺎﻥ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﲟﺎ ٍﻝ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ » :ﻳﻘﻀِﻲ ﺍﷲ
،ﻭﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻋﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺃ ﺧ ﹶﺬ ﻣﺎﻟﹶﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳ ﺪ
١٤
ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ « ﻓﱰﻟﺖ ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﻳﺚ ﻓﺄﺭﺳﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ » :
ﺃﻋﻂ ﺍﺑﻨﱵ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ ﻭﺃﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﻦ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻟﻚ « .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ .
ﺖ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ) :ﻟﻼﺑﻨﺔ -ﻭﻋﻦ ﻫﺰﻳ ٍﻞ ﺑ ِﻦ ﺷ ﺮ ﺣﺒِﻴﻞ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺳﺌِﻞ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻨ ٍﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻨ ِﺔ ﺍﺑ ٍﻦ ﻭﺃﺧ ٍ
ﺖ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ( ،ﻓﺴِﺌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﺑ ﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺧِﺒ ﺮ ﺑﻘﻮ ِﻝ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﻭﻟﻸﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ،ﻭﺍﺋ ِ
ﱯ ﺻﻠ ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﺖ ﺇﺫﹸﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﺘﺪﻳﻦ ﺃﻗﻀِﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ) :ﻟﻘﺪ ﺿﻠﻠ
ﺖ ( .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺇ ﱠﻻ ﺱ ﺗﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺜﲔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑ ِﻘ ﻲ ﻓﻠﻸﺧ ِ ﻒ ﻭﻻﺑﻨ ِﺔ ﺍﻻﺑ ِﻦ ﺍﻟﺴ ﺪ
ﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼ ﻟﻠﺒﻨ ِ
ﻱ ) :ﻓﺄﺗﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻓﺄﺧﱪﻧﺎﻩ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋ ﻲ ،ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﺃﲪ ﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭ
ـ ﱪ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ( .
ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ) :ﻻ ﺗﺴﺄﻟﻮﱐ ﻣﺎﺩﺍ ﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊ َْ
ﻚ ﻫﺎِﻟﻚ ﻋ ﻦ ﺃﺧﺖ ﺷﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺖ ﻷﺏ ﻓﺤﻜﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻻﺑﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ .
-ﻭﺇِﺫﺍ ﻫﹶﻠ
ﳉﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜ ٍﺮ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﺘ ﻪ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﹶﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ :ﻣﺎ ﺕﺍﹶ ﺐ ﻗﺎﻝ ) :ﺟـﺎ َﺀ -ﻭﻋﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﺼﺔ ﺑﻦ ﹸﺫﺅﻳ ٍ
ﻚ ﰲ ﺳﻨ ِﺔ ﺭﺳﻮ ِﻝ ﺍﻟِﻠﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ،ﻓﺎﺭﺟﻌﻲ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺳﺄ ﹶﻝ ﺖﻟ ِ ﷲ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠِﻤ ﺏﺍِ ﻚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎ ِ ﻟ ِ
ﺱ، ﻀ ﺮﺕ ﺭﺳﻮ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟِﻠﻪ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ ﺱ ،ﻓﺴﺄ ﹶﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ؛ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑ ﹸﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒ ٍﺔ :ﺣ ﺍﻟﻨﺎ
ﻚ ﻏﲑ ﻙ ،ﻓﻘﺎ ﻡ ﳏﻤ ﺪ ﺑ ﻦ ﻣﺴﻠﻤ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺜ ﹶﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻐﲑ ﹸﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻌﺒﺔ ، ﻓﻘﺎﻝ :ﻫﻞ ﻣ ﻌ
ﻚﰲ ﺕ ﺍﳉﺪ ﹸﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻋ ﻤ ﺮ ﻓﺴﺄﻟﺘ ﻪ ﻣﲑﺍﺛﹶﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ :ﻣﺎ ﹶﻟ ِ ﻓﺄﻧﻔ ﹶﺬﻩ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜ ٍﺮ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﰒ ﺟﺎ َﺀ
ﺖ ﺑِﻪـﹶﻠ
ﺱ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻌﺘﻤﺎ ﻓﻬ ﻮ ﺑﻴﻨﻜﹸﻤﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻳﻜﹸﻤﺎ ﺧ َ ﷲ ﺷﻲ ٌﺀ ،ﻭﻟﻜ ﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ ﺏﺍِﻛﺘﺎ ِ
ﻱ. ﻓﻬ ﻮ ﹶﻟﻬـﺎ ( .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳋﻤﺴ ﹸﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋ ﻲ ﻭﺻﺤﺤ ﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬ
ﺱ
ﺙ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺪِ
ﺿ ﻲ ﺍﻟﹸﻠﻪ ﻋﻨ ﻪ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﺗﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﲑﺍ ِ
ﺖﺭ ِ
-ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣ ِ
ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ " .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒ ﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪ ﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﻨ ِﺪ .
ﺱ ﺛﻨﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ
ﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ
ﺙ ﺟﺪﺍ ِ
-ﻭﻋﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳ ٍﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺃﻋﻄﹶﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺛﻼ ﹶ
ﻼ.
ﺏ ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪﹲﺓ ﻣِﻦ ِﻗﺒ ِﻞ ﺍﻷ ﻡ .ﺭﻭﺍ ﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻗﻄﻨﻲ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻣﺮ ﺳ ﹰ
ِﻗﺒ ِﻞ ﺍﻷ ِ
ﺱ
-ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳ ِﻢ ﺑ ِﻦ ﳏﻤ ٍﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ " :ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﺗﺎ ِﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜ ٍﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳ ِﻖ ﻓﺄﺭﺍ ﺩ ﺃ ﹾﻥ ﳚ ﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ
ﻟﻠﱵ ﻣﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﻡ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭ :ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻧﻚ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﻲ ﻛﺎﻥ
١٥
ﷲ ﺃﻋﻠ ﻢ ،ﻭﺍﳊﻤ ﺪ ﷲ ﺭﺏ
ﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﻃﺄ ،ﻭﺍ ُ
ﺱ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ " .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺎﻟ
ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻳ ِﺮﺙﹸ ،ﻓﺠﻌ ﹶﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺪ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ،ﻭﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ .
ﺖ ﺑﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﺮ
ـ
)ﺗﻤ ﱠ
ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻷﲪﺪ
ﻏﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﳌﺸﺎﳜﻪ ﻭﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ
ﺁﻣﲔ
/٢٣ﺷﻮﺍﻝ ١٣٦٢ /ﻫـ ( .
١٦
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