Typhoon Ompong (Mangkut)

A Research Paper Represented Mr. Reyman Rusty Jayme

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

of School Disaster Risk and Reduction Management

Submitted by:
Cobrador, Clarence Mharc

October, 2018
St. Lorenzo School of Polomolok, Inc.
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Table of Contents
Chapter I.............................................................................................................................. 3

Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3

Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................ 3

Significance of the Study ................................................................................................ 4

Chapter II ............................................................................................................................ 5

Review of Related Literature and Studies ....................................................................... 5

Chapter III ........................................................................................................................... 7

Presentation of Research Findings .................................................................................. 7

Preparation and Recovery ............................................................................................... 9

Chapter IV ......................................................................................................................... 13

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation ............................................................... 14

Chapter V .......................................................................................................................... 15

Summary of Class Report ............................................................................................. 15

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 Chapter I

Introduction
A disaster is an event which is unexpected that can cause casualties or an unexpected
event that has a destructive to a place or a nation. Disasters are recognized by 3 elements
suddenness, unexpectedness and significant destruction (University of Missouri System, 2011).
Disasters can be caused by humans or by nature itself. Disasters can cause huge amount of
casualties especially in economy of a nation and humans. Examples of natural occurring disasters
are floods, storms, earthquakes, droughts, forest fires and volcanic eruptions but there are not
natural occurring disasters like explosions, major fires, aviation, shipping and railway accidents
these are some example of man-made disasters (Munich Re Group, 2016). Disasters can cause
any time of day so people must be ready and insure their own safety to prevent loss of lives or
human casualties.

Republic act no. 10121 or also known as Philippines Disaster Risk Reduction
Management (PDRRM) is an act about disaster risk reduction in our nation. This is acts provides
safety for every Filipino from numerous accounts of disasters that strikes our country. This acts
creates plans or actions for before, during and after activities to deal with every calamities that
will hit our nation

Typhoon Mangkhut or also known as Ompong in Philippines made landfall in the

Philippines on September 15, 2018, as a category 5 storm. It creates havoc to the Luzon group of
islands, especially Ilocos Region, Central Luzon, Cagayan Valley, Calabarzon, Mimaropa,
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) and in Metro Manila. Typhoon Mangkhut is the
strongest typhoon to hit Philippines in 2018.
Philippines is one of the countries that belongs to Pacific Ring of Fire, it is a place where
typhoons commonly occurs, active volcanoes and active faults. Philippines ranked third in
riskiest places due to natural disasters according to U.N.’s 2017 World Risk Index.

Statement of the Problem

1. To identify government’s effort and preparation prior to disaster.
2. To identify government’s rehabilitation and recovery program.

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Significance of the Study
This research aims to help people especially students on how to deal with typhoons and
learn to help or prepare for it. This research also aims to help government improve their ways or
plans about disasters especially typhoons.

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 Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Studies

The Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (DRRMCs) OF Cagayan Valley
are starting to give relief goods and rehabilitate the damages caused by Ompong. Civil Defense
Regional Director is already conducting assessments about the damage caused by the typhoon.
He also said that local councils are starting restore the damages especially in infrastructures.
Department of Social Welfare and Development director Lucia Alan stated that families of
victims of the typhoon can have a financial assistance from their municipal social welfare
offices. The National Grid Corporation of the Philippines has immediately repaired line facility
and starting the repair of electricity of the region. They also send 14 crew teams to assist
Cagayan Electric Cooperatives I and II. According to Tito Lingan, CAGELCO I general
manager it might take until November until it is fully restored because there are too many
damaged posts. (Baccay, 2018)

The Department of Agriculture (DA) immediately calls a meeting with LGU for the
rehabilitation of affected people due to storm Ompong. Philippines lost P17 billion in
agricultural crops. Government immediately created plans for food supplies like rice, vegatables,
fish and fruits so that people can have a supply for their own needs. They also planned to
immediately release funds so that people can start again even in small amounts. (Simeon, 2018)

Before the landfall of bagyong Ompong, the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) and Undersecretary
and also the NDRRMC Executive Director Ricardo Jalad activated response clusters which
means teams will be deployed to affected communities. These will demonstrate or prepare to
their assigned places. Regional offices of OCD and Regional Disaster Risk Reduction
Management Council are responsible for weather advisories, med kits, foods, and action teams.
Other agencies of government like DSWD are told to repacked foods for the affected peoples,
DOH has to secure cleanliness or sanitation of evacuation areas, AFP will join the search and
rescue team, DepED will monitor class suspensions and DOE are reliable for resupplying fuels
and also in checking oil supply for affected regions, DOLE are told to create emergency
employment program for the affected places and DA are assigned for the evacuation of animals
and early harvest for affected farmers. (Tomacruz, 2018)

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President Rodrigo Duterte ensures that the country is in highest peak in terms of preparation for
the typhoon “Ompong”. Harry Roque , Presidential Spokesperson readied P1.7 billion for food
and relief assistance to the people affected by the typhoons which could bring floods, storm
surges and landslides to areas or places where Ompong will enter. In addition Roque told that
Office of the Civil Defense (OCD) is ready to respond for rescue and requests in land, air and sea
assets. A rescue team has been deployed to Batanes, which is one of the places where typoong
Ompong will land. Government also told that farmers must immediately harvest their crops to
lessen the loss of their income. OCD also prepared evacuation places and secure the safety or to
prevent more loss of casualties to the affected areas. (Placido, 2018)

World Health Organization had joined forces with the Department of Health in surveilling
evacuation areas and by deploying their staffs, medicines to the affected areas. WHO was
prepared to help Philippines even before the landfall of Ompong. They deploy staffs from WHO
Philippines and WHO Western Pacific, this people immediately send supplies and emergency
funds to the country. On September 16, Staffs were immediately send to conduct an assessment
to the affected communities. On September 18 together with DOH and other partners they talk
about the findings and how to deal with it. WHO currently plans to help DOH in following
aspects:
 Coordination of Health Cluster partners
 Assessment of health risks and needs
 Prevention, detection and containment of outbreaks of epidemic-prone diseases
 Support for the rehabilitation and continuation of health services
 Technical support, including on psychological first aid and risk communication.
(World Health Organization, 2018)

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 Chapter III

Presentation of Research Findings

Here are the tropical cyclone warning signals when bagyong “Ompong” enters the soil of
Philippines

Signal No. 4:

 Cagayan including Babuyan Group of Islands

 northern part of Isabela
 Apayao
 Abra
 Ilocos Norte
 Kalinga

Signal No. 3:

 Batanes
 southern part of Isabela
 Ilocos Sur
 La Union
 Mountain Province
 Benguet
 Ifugao
 Nueva Vizcaya
 Quirino
 northern part of Aurora

Signal No. 2:

 Pangasinan
 Tarlac

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  Nueva Ecija
 southern part of Aurora
 Zambales
 Pampanga
 Bulacan
 northern part of Quezon including Polillo Island

Signal No. 1:

 Bataan
 Rizal
 Metro Manila
 Cavite
 Batangas
 Laguna
 southern part of Quezon
 Lubang Island
 Marinduque
 Camarines Norte
 Camarines Sur
 Catanduanes
 Albay
 Burias Island

The power of “Ompong” affected a total of 218, 492 families (893,944 individuals) in Luzon
Region, of which 43,603 families (162,399) were evacuated, 130 homes were totally destroyed

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and 1,134 houses were partially destroyed. Ompong claimed 81 lived during his savage run in
our country.

This catastrophic event left a total of Php 14.3 billion worth of damages to agriculture of
Philippines broken down into the following sectors as of September 18, 2018:

Sector Amount

Rice P8.96 billion

Corn P4.49 billion

Livestock and Poultry P5.5 million

High value commercial crops P788 million

Agriculture infrastructure P82 million

Total P14.3 billion

Sector Amount

Agriculture P14.3 billion

Power P138 million

Preparation and Recovery

Emergency Preparedness and Response Management

1. NDRRMC Operations Center

2. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA)
3. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
4. Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

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 5. Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
6. Department of Health (DOH)
7. Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
8. Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
9. Department of Education (DepEd)
10. Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC)
11. Philippine Information Agency (PIA)
12. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
13. Philippine National Police (PNP)
14. Philippine Coast Guard (PCG)
15. Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
16. Philippine Red Cross
17. National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
18. National Food Authority (NFA)

To prevent further damage to lives and property, the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council, through a Disaster Resilience Forum recently
organized by Cebuana Lhuillier, released the following guidelines on what to do
before, during, and after a typhoon, a strong typhoon or a super typhoon, and in
case of flooding.

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Before

A resident preparing his roof for the land fall of Typhoon Ompong in Tuguegarao City

PNP prepares for the upcoming supertyphoon Mangkhut

During

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Photo by- Kathrine Vecta-Baguio City is submerged due to very rains caused by Typhoon Ompong

Photo by: Ben Nabong- Families rushed to Delpan Evacuation Center in Manila as they voluntarily leave due to strong winds and
rain caused by typhoon Ompong

After

Photo by: Ramon Dullana/ Rappler- after Typhoons Photo by: Walter Bollozos- effect of Ompong to cornfield
Ompong hits Luzon it destroyed

many houses and scattered many branches.

Photo by: Walter Bollozos- the typhoon caused overflowing of river,

scattered branches and the bridge was destroyed due to heavy rains
and strong winds in Tuguegarao City in Cagayan.

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 Chapter IV
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary
1. In terms of being prepared, Philippines is now more prepared than other typhoons
because they immediately corrected their mistakes and find solutions to their
problems.
2. In terms rehabilitation, Government is now more active and quicker in responding
to what people needs

Conclusions
Philippines is now slowly becoming more prepared in terms of calamities. Government is
now seeing faults or shortcomings and the y immediately fix this and with these they prevent
more casualties caused y typhoons. Peoples are also now becoming prepared when a calamity
strikes their areas. They are also starting to follow instruction of the government to help them
save their life and properties. Overall our nation is becoming more and more prepared as
typhoons pass because they improve their ways in preventing more damage and saving more
Filipino lives.

Recommendation
1. Government must implement rules to illegal loggers or to mining to prevent landslide or
mudslides in mountain regions because when a typhoon or storm strikes landslides is
having more chance to happen especially in mountains where trees is been cut down and
mining is relevant.
2. Cut branches of trees that is hanging in highways or in electric wires.
3. Create more evacuation areas and sustain clean environments or sanitation in evacuation
areas to prevent diseases for evacuees.
4. Educate people in the community about disasters or hazards and teach them how to deal
with it and teach them also them also the importance of evacuating and other related
things about typhoon.

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 Chapter V
Summary of Class Report

Disaster
A disaster is a sudden calamitous event that causes casualties to a community or nation it
maybe in human, material, and economic or environmental losses that causes burden to financial
aspects of a nation. Disasters can be caused by nature, and can also be human. (IFRC, 2017)

Disaster Risk
Disaster risk is the measurement of how people are affected or can experience disasters.
These risks are due to natural or man-made reasons. It can be natural due to area or geographic
location and can be man-made if due to human creations. Here are formula for disaster risk.
DR (disaster risk) = V (vulnerability) * H (hazard)
C (capacity)
With these government and people can start to prepare for different disasters preventing mass of
casualties to loss.

Nature of Storm
Storms are a meteorological event that can be studied through advance equipments or in
the science of meteorology. Studying storms can help save lives and properties of peoples.
How typhoons are formed?

1. Typhoons start off as tropical thunderstorms. The strong winds pull in moisture from the
oceans.

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2. The thunderstorms convert the moisture into heat. The heat causes more air to flow to the
centre of the storm causing evaporation.

3. All the heat and air flow toward the eye creating the typhoon.

Effects of disasters

Natural disasters like hurricanes, cyclones, storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and
many more is reasons for losses of mass lives and casualties of a certain nations. Here are some
effects of disasters:

Humanitarian Crises

Climate change in our planet causes more storms or disasters to nations. Here in
Philippines, typhoons are becoming stronger, climate is hard predict because in rainy season
drought is relevant and in summer season rain is continuously pouring because of this people are
from different nations migrate to other places for the sake of their safety these people are called
climate refugee or environmental migrants. It is predicted that 1/5 of the total population of the
planet will become migrants.

Public Health Issues

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 Disasters can cause damages to properties example typhoons or fire. When a typhoon
strikes a Philippines, affected households goes to evacuation area and due to many evacuees the
area is not enough to cater many people and because health related problems is starting to
emerge like diarrhea, cough and cold. Poor sanitation is one of the problems of evacuation areas
and these leads to illnesses of evacuees. Disasters also can cause spread of some diseases like
leptospirosis these illness cause by the urine of a rat and when flooded water eroded these and
some people will get in touched with the contaminated flood the person will get leptospirosis.

Environmental Problems

Disasters like wildfires and tsunamis are some disasters that can cause destruction to
ecosystem and this damage can last for too long to recover.

Infrastructural Damage

One of the common effects of a disaster is in infrastructure. Typhoons or earthquakes are

some example that causes a lot of damage to building and when this two strikes in a nation it
causes millions or even billions of damage. (Grosfield, 2018)

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 LIQUEFACTION

Liquefaction- refers to a phenomenon where saturated, loose, cohesion less soils lose strength
due to earthquake ground motion, often resulting in severe damage to overlying structures.
What Happens during liquefaction?
When vibrations or water pressure occurs the soil particles lose contact with one another. As a
result, the soil behaves like a liquid, has an inability to support weight and can flow down very
gentle slopes. This can be very destructive and also considered as very hazardous
Conditions that Cause Liquefaction
Liquefaction most often occurs when three conditions are met:
 Loose, granular sediment or fill

 Saturation by groundwater

 Strong shaking ( Earthquakes)

Typical effects of liquefaction

Loss of bearing strength –the ground can liquefy and lose its ability to support structures.

Lateral spreading - the ground can slide down very gentle slopes or toward stream banks riding
on a buried liquefied layer.

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Sand boils - sand-laden water can be ejected from a buried liquefied layer and erupt at the
surface to form sand volcanoes; the surrounding ground often fractures and settles.

Flow failures — earth moves down steep slope with large displacement and much internal
disruption of material.

Ground oscillation — the surface layer, riding on a buried liquefied layer, is thrown back and
forth by the shaking and can be severely deformed.

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Flotation — light structures that are buried in the ground (like pipelines, sewers and nearly
empty fuel tanks) can float to the surface when they are surrounded by liquefied soil.

Settlement — when liquefied ground re-consolidates following an earthquake, the ground

surface may settle or subside as shaking decreases and the underlying liquefied soil becomes
more dense.

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 Liquefaction mapping

Techniques in Liquefaction

Low mobility (compaction) grouting is the injection of a low slump, mortar grout to densify and
reinforce soil or fill subsurface voids.
 Reduce liquefaction potential

 Decrease settlement

 Increase bearing capacity

 Stabilize sinkholes or reduce sinkhole potential

 Compaction grouting

Dynamic compaction uses the energy from a falling weight to improve granular soils and
fills.

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  Increase bearing capacity

 Decrease settlement

 Mitigate liquefaction

 Reduce sinkhole potential

Earthquake drains consist of high flow capacity, prefabricated vertical drains

 Mitigate liquefaction

 Reduce seismic settlement

 Stabilize seismic slopes

 Prevent lateral spreading

 Accelerate consolidation of cohesive soils

Vibro compaction densifies clean, cohesionless granular soils with a downhole vibrator.
 Increase bearing capacity

 Decrease settlement

 Mitigate liquefaction

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 Disaster Risk Reduction
Hazard
Vulnerability
Capacity
BY: HIGHWAY TEAM

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 Flood

Photos by: Springael and Miranda

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 Canal

Images by: Diwa and Masion

Photos by: Masion and Diwa

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 Road

Photos by: Andatuan and Masion

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 Wires

Image by: Diwa

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 Vulnerability

HAZARD 1 2 3 4 5

Flood

No streetlights

Electric wires

Clogged Canal

No traffic signs

Awful smelling canal

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 CAPACITY
Capacity

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 I
N
T
E
R
V
I
E
W
S

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 GING-GING GALES (CHAIRMAN-BAYAN)

What is your plan about lack of

road sign in front of Bunso and in
the road near the Bulanons?
“ In Bunso, the owner must cut the
flowers and in road near Bulanons,
we don’t have reliabilities near the
Bulanons because it is not our
territory and no accident has yet
been reported.

Masion and Mrs,gales

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 OLIMPIA COBARDE

What is the worst event

that happened on this
creek?
“Flooding only occurs if
there is strong rain and
sometimes even without
rain flooding occurs and
goats has been swallowed
by the strong flow of the
water” Photo by: Springael

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 MARITES MORTE
What can you say about the clogged
canal? How about the wires?
“ The canal gives us trouble
especially during rainy season
because it reconstruct our roads and
it brings uneven surface to us. The
wires is not our problem because
Socoteco will take care of us and
they have schedules in
clearing objects in their lines.”

Mrs. Morte and Rome Diwa

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 LECTOR (RESIDENT)

What are the disadvantages

of living near the creek?
“It is dangerous especially
during rainy seasons
because my child or family
might be eroded by the
water”

Photo by: Miranda

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 TERESA OLANO
(CHAIRMAN-SUMMERLIGHT)

What is your plan in your

street without lights?
“ I’ve already told our
Captain about the problem,
wires and light bulb is
ready we are now just
waiting for the post so that
we can start to make the
streetlight.”

Photo by: Cabida

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Interviewed Persons Members

Ging-Ging Gales Clarence Mharc Cobrador- PPT
Teresa Olano Rome Yves Diwa- Wires/canals
Olimpia Sionosa Cobarde Trixie Relunio- Interviewer
Marites Morte Elizabeth Cabida- Interviewer
Lector Paolo Masion- Capacity
Bea Miranda- Flooded
Areas/Interview
Mc Springael- Interview/ Highway
Ezer Andatuan- Streetlights
David Esberto- Interview/ Highway

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