68.

Con[in un nucleu aromatic, cu exceplia:

IVlEDICINA CENERALA
A.acetatul de benzil
I SIMIJLARE ]OI4I PITOBA CHIMIE
lct intreharilc 6l-81 este B.tetralina
@pttt; C.anilina
-i-.corccl tttl singur raslttuts
de D,alan ina
61.'7 .'72 g de colesterol vor conline un nunlAr
E.asPirina
atomi de oarbon egal ctr:
A. 162.62x l0-21 69. Un compus organic cu formula molecularl
Cs HoOr, acicl ic are urmf,toarele caracteristic i:
B. 46,497x l02r
- reacfioneaz[ cu I mol de NaHCOT
C,.l25xl0rr
D. l2'1x l0-2'1 - nu reaclioneazi cu reactivul Tollens
[.0.12r102r - reaclioneazd cu I mol de I-12(Pd/Pb2.)
(rl. [)oate fi r.rrl produs de coltdcltsare clotonictr' - prczintd I stert'oizotneri.
Compusul poate fi:
cu erceplia:
A.acid 5-hidroxi-2-Pentin-oic
A. acid benziliden ProPandioic
B.acici 3 -h idroxi-4-pentin-oic
B. 4-metil 3-Penten-2-ontr
C.ac id 3 -ceto-4-Pcnten-oic
C. aldchida crotonicf,
D,2-metil-3-f'enil ProPenal D.acid 2-llidr riri 3-pcrttirl-oic
E. I -hidroxi-4-Pentin 3-ond
Ii. .:l -hcrlzi I iclctt-l-bttlanonA
61. Prin ardcrea a 2,64 g de substanld organicf,
70. Alirmalia incorectii despre N-acetil-p-
forrnatii clirl C. t-l 9i O 9i avAnd M=S8g/nlol se toluidind:
A. se poate obline prin N-acetilarea
ob{irr 5.28 8 COr 5i 2,16 g ll20' Nurndrul toluidinei
7r-

izorlct'ilor aciclici satura!i tnonotirncliorrali este

cgal cu:
B cst0 tnai bazicii declit 7''-toltriditta
C.este o arnidd N-substituitd
A.i
D.are o NE egaltr cu 5
B.4
c.5 E. se mai nume$tc 9i p-metil, N-acetil-
D.6 anilina
E. l0 7l . Sunt aminoacizi csenliali, cu exceplia:
A.lisina
6.i. [)ctrtrtt oblinerea acidulLri ttt-rtitrtlbenzoic'
dirr acid benz-oic. sc foloscqte 2'14 g amestec [].triptotan
C. izoleuc ina
nitrant cu 40% I'lNOr. Care este tnasa de acid
D.rnetitlnina
benz.orc introdustl ilr reacfie gtiind ca reac!ia a
clecurs cu utr randatrtent de 100%, iar in masa
E,.tr lan in a

amestecului flnal de reaclie se trai gAseite 2% 72. 240 g solulie apoasa ce conline cantitiili
l-lNo,: echintolare de gliccrinl 9i rezorcinZl
A.1,42 g reac!ioneazl cu 92 g de Na, Compozilia
B.218,35 g procetttuall a rczorcinei in solulia iniliald este:
(. tll.7-( g A.54,450,"o
l|.(rli.7-s')r,
D. 191.97 g
ll I (7rr
L,llJl
c.5096
5

D.46.2%
65, t)espre pcntapeptidLrl leucil-glutanril-alanil-
seril-lisina nu este adevdrat: E 35.25o'6

A, Nurndrul de sarcini pozitive ale 73. Un compus de tipul C^l'lrBr"7* nu poate avea
pcntapcptidului la PH=l este 2 formula:
[3. reaclioneazd cu 3 rroli de clorur'l de
A.CrHrBr
acet iI
Il. C,rflrBr:
C.ll llll rle lltrtl rnigrcazir si)re catotl C. C,[[1s[3r.,
[).conline 4 legdturi anridicc I). Clll;ilr,
(',il r[]r
[.prirr hidrolizli parlialii tirrrneaz-tr 4 1..

d ipcpt ide 74. SLrnt cstcri ai celulozei, cu excepiia:

66. CAli izorneri aciclici ai 1-pentine i conlin A.n itroceluloza

carboni ter{iari:
t].fulmicotonul
(1. tttiltasca crtll)roxam
A.3
Il4 D.acetattrl de celulozh
Ir. co lod iu I
c-s
D.tr 75. Rotegte planLrl lLirninii polarizatc:
8,7 A.glicirta
(r7. Este o Inonoatttini alifaticl prirna16: B.lnelltolla
A. dictilenarnin6 C.ProPandioat de dimetil
B fenilaminl l). 1 .2-cliolco-stcariI gliccrolul
C.N-benzil, N-etil-anilind E.acidul 2-metil crotonic
D,cadaverintr 76. Proteinele se pot clasifica in funclie de:
E.lt'r'1-btrl i I arrrirrtl
A.culoarea oblinutd cu reactiv biuret
 I] soltrbilitlrtc A. oxid6rii alchenelot'cu Klr'tnu' Iil:s()1)
C-.contpttltarea la actiunca raclialiilor B. reaclici proteineJor cu (ltrSOr l

UV C oxid6rii alcoolilor te4iari ctr K:tir'fi-

D.rcaclia cu ilCl (l-l2so4)
h.. reac!ia cu PCl5 D. oxiddrii catalitice a naftalinei
77.Sunt corecte urnlItoarele atirmafii, cu [.. reactiei cornptr;ilor ctrbonilici crr 2,]-
excepl ia: d in itrol'e nilh id razirta
A.prin ntutat'ota{ie se poate spune cil 84. CAti moli de 02 sunt nccesari pcrltrtl
are loc o scbdere a rotatiei optice a anomerului n fermentalia alcoolicd a unui mol de glucozll'?
la valoarca de echilibru A. I rnol
B.anomerii u;i []
ai fructozei sunt B. 2 moli
stcreo izoureri C. 3 nroli
Cl.ricitlLrl tartt'ic al'c 2 pcrcchi cic D. nici utt ntol
rrrtipozi optic i
E. 6 moli
D.zaharoza cstc de xtrogiril
Fl. D-fiuctoza cstc levogird

78. 2-ceto butanalul se poate obiinc prin: Cornplentent grupot; lu intrebQrile 85- I 00
A. hidroliza bazica a cornpusului Clll- ruspuntlcli c'u;

c(cl)r-cH:-CH(cl)l A. clqca sunt corecte I ,2, 3

Il.oxidarca ertergicit a 2-nrctil-3-penten B.tJaca sunl c:orecle I ,3
2-ol C.daca suttl corecte 2,4
C.oxidarea blandf a 3-rnetil-3-pcnten D.dacu esle c'orrecl 4
l-ol E.clacct toote cele potru vuriqnle sutll
l).oridarca bliirrda tlrnlalli de hidroliza (:oreclc .\utt loule 'sunl fitlse
buz icri a cotrtpustt ltt i C t t,-C' I l,-C( (' l).-C f l:Ol l
Ir.oxidarea energictr a 2-hidroxi 8.5. Nu sunt izomeri de f'uncliune ttrntiltoarele
butandialului perec hi

79.71 g antestec fbrmat din propend 9i l-butenl l. novolac :;i resittr

aflate in raport molar l:2 se hidrogeneazd 2.ucelat tlt' rnetil 9i formiat dc ctil
torrndnci 6l,l g arlrestec frnal de alcani. $tiind J.izocianntdc socliu ;i urcc
cii randarnentul hidrogenilr'ii l-butcnei a lbst de 4.N-metil benzanlida 9i p-atnino-
7,5q0. ralr(ianlentLrl hidrogcnirii propcnei a lbst: bcnzencarba ldc h ida
A.20e'b 86. Sunt colrrpupi carc conlit.t in rnolecul.l -5

u.45% atomi de carbon:

c.u01.; l,putresceina
D.l 50/o 2.4 ra bilolu I
E.83% 3.p-fenilen diarnina
80.Marritolul cste: 4.acidul glrrtantic
A.o aldohexoz-tr 87. Etil-butanoilantina se poate obline din:
l.CIl,r-Cil2-Cl-lr-CHr-Cl 9i CIIr-Cllz-
ll.un nronozaharid oPtic activ
('. trr) strrrc()i1ttrtrcl ilI sortlilrlItr Itt NI.tr
(lllr-(
i

D.Lrn conlpus carc recluce rcacti\'trl 2. ('tl,-('llr-(ltlr-(lO-(.1 :1i l{1-

Ire h Irng N ll:

E.un pentitol
8l . Indicele de iod al distearopalrtritinei este 3. CHr-CI-12-CH2-Cl 9i CH',-CN
egal cu:
A.2 4. CHr-CH2-Cfl:-COOH 9i Cllr-
R.3 clt2-NIl1
c. 2-s4 88. Care dintre structurile de rnai jos prezintl
t) 50lJ acelugi nurntrr dc stereoizomeri:
rt i I itt it
i..ntr :.: Ii,lt1e clllc ttllt I . N-cti l. N- rrr el i l-(2-scc-b rr t i I )-e

82. Llazicitatca conrPugilor: 2. l, l,J-triclor I -btrtcrta

l) CH,COO'; 2) C,,l-lsO'; 3) HOOC * -). rrcidtrl nralic
COO"; 4) CI-lr - C = C' 5) C6l-{sCOO- 4,sc rilt a

scade in ordinea: 89. Sunt acizi mai tari dec6t acidul p'
A. 5>l>2>3>4 clorobenzoic:
I.acidul P-metil benzoic
u. 4'>5>3>'2>l 2.2."1.6- lrin it ro l'cnol
C. 3-'4>l>2>5 i,auidul curbottic
I) 1.r 2 , I " 5 > J
'l.lcitl rr I 2-tt il rttbettzoic
H. I>3r'2>4>5 90. Sunt colecte afirllaliile:
83. Aparilia unei colora!iigalben-orartj sc poate l.solrrIia apoasX a lertola{ilor are
observa: caractcr bllzic
 2.rezorcina llll rcrtclirlncaztl clt 4. Dehidrohalogenarea derivalilor
halogenali
cir r'llott:tltt I rtcitl rlc srldilr
I 00. Denaturarea Proteinelor:
3.orcina preziltti tlolra gruptrri de tip
L Se po:rte facc sub ac{iunea srlrurilor
OI I lcrrolic
rne talck-rr grelc
4.li'nolii sc izoleitzil dirr gttclroane
2. Este un proces de hidrolizl totaltr
llrilr riizoll'rtre irr solulie de sodr'l catrsticil' l. Vn cluce la pierderca t'unc{iilttr
il t. Nu conline legdttrri covalent coordinative:
Llritrat de glicerina biologice ale acesttlra
2.valina la PI-l:l 4. Apare doar globulinele
i.benz-oatrrl de (2-nitro)-ltnil
{.triPirlrrritirra MAS[: AI'OMICI:.: N - 14; tl - ll O- 16l C -
91. Clucoza: 12;Na-23;S-J2
L estc u$or solubiLl in solvenli
organ ici
2. se oxidcazii cu aptr de brorn la
sorbitol
3.se gtrsegte in lactozii sub fbrml de
anontcr []
4. ostc tlll colrlptls
polih itl ro r icir r lto n iIic
93. Sunt atirnralii corectc pentru aclzll capronlc
yi linoleic:
l.con{in cel pulin 2 grupdri carboxil
2.intrit in structura trigliccridelor
3.I'iecare dccoloreazi apa de brorn
.l.1tlezirrttr Lttt ttutttilt'par de atonli de
calbott
9,1. Sultirra dc carbon se lblosegte in
turnriltoarcle procese (ca solvertt sau 0a reaclant):
I . It:tlogcrtitrea a lchcrtr:lrlt'
l, alchilarca tolLrcnului
J.ob{irrcrca ranlogcnatultri dc
ce lrr loz.it
4, vulcanizare
95, I{educc reactivul Itelrling:
l. lirrrnitldcltitlit
l. tttitnttz-n
J. glrrc<tza
4. taharoza
96. Itet'eritor la compusul C4ll('O pot exista:
I . tlorrl-t lcgitttrri n
2. 9 conrPu;i aciclici ce P0t
reac(iona ctt reactil"l'ttllctts
l, '1stcrcoizorneri
4. Lteri saturali
97. Sunt substitucnli de ordirrul l:
l. - Nlll
2 -CCll
l. ctl2-c:l l:-(lll.]
4. -coNHl
98.Surrt corecte aflrlrrati i le:
l. Prirl ltitlogcttitrca prrlllarrtrlrti' se

olrlittc lrrotttura tlc iz"oprollil irrtr-o

cillltitatc ttliti ttturc tlccit i:ltlrura de
iz.oPro1liI
2. llltlicalul -('61-l'r- sc nulllestc l'enilert
l. l-butinl re:tctiotleaza cu Cu(Nl-13)2Cl
4. Oxidarea catalitic.l a p-metil-
etilbenzcnultti necesit6 9 rnoli de [O]
99.Nu strnt reaclii de elinrinare:
l. Iilsteril'icarea aciz-ilor
7. tlitl roliza tlerivatilor halogcrra{i
I Nitt'irrcir itrctlelrlt'
 O
z
e

*
0)
-'=A a 'l
.=
-aOl
al
ojll
dE"
9oZ
,d-.o=rd
EZ +
c9=q':j
o--'4
i-;€euB
q)

oo o €o s u-A €
gft?, - .r i 'E
--.c-..=
;;9/,r';'/t'=
_L,cn o
"=.V4,J
x'E'f; (.)
i'* E 5- ; E

? -- tsi
=
j="2':
--'o;,3 I O ,;, 9
-,1
Y\'
z .-t'
-.-=Ta,,c.Y X +
-oi'='d
4'=uIeAill,;_5 J rl-u I a oi
t'< O- ,9^ E :-l
I.s!
I, =F
2_'<41 i' ?'r? = ? *e--=-
'^'.d-ct,
i-^ uP =2=
!--.r' ^\I u
+
-
EE.='
,r a
==-F
=,VEe,. .?2a
E B:
'--dt i '52r. ^
,^A.928-
2i;.at-
3I_u ?=Z "T. ==-.=
SEsZ.ci
-O 3,c-drlu
'1,'2;.7 I
;--H'X
.)-::(r
Z=.2* ?=Zv- E;*,
2--'!
:3-,.
u u'-=, -L P 'A 9t
=-of,r,'..--a
'= u J'= O
4'79,*u C
..7-.-^ 6) c6
6gg 4)
'2.=
o ^,
Yn r.- :=t-/ v ., ()
3s,EZ21 O ^,
9;H.ia yC
N-7 o O
E'*a=
;F"?1=*?
-x;"-G=H ?os'i.€^.?lr
8?sEe>Ei
;;;
EBF
2i4yZy
.' -.- iZ .!/u'i.i=:.-
t v e: -.a
7L;,
\'=. *t
.72=c:,4 ''-:.2, o-<c)r :' l,u_o
-ln2-lZ4=-= -a-'J21. J'z-n
! u;.=
4)..=.r=r!.-,av iJ.=;,ru, 3 2,it.
.rv'.,-d-A,=.1 ,.1 c-.J : .i --t
,t-Zlo-'o r.- coo-
 Il.sl \1.( \\l
l.( c sirrl r':ttlicllii lllehil si t't tlttt'ltt:t tlc riltt:t ltrr?

\cr.it,ti litr.rtrrrllr r.or.r.t'l:r :i :rlIillrrili (lr'nltillil'(':t ('r)l'c( lil I)('llll'll t'tllttltttsii:

lrrrtlttt
a.5 neollcrrlil 2-rrrctilprrrlun lr. 1.2-tliizollltlil Jrrttltrtrt c.2-izopropil'-]-tcr'(lltrtil
l. I)cllniii iztttttet'i si orttltlogi.
,1. ( iti crttttlrttsi tlil'cliti \trlll l)l'c/trll:lli trr:li.ios:

?",
n cH:
in'
H,,c 9 cH3 c1cH3),r H.,c cl12 HC cH2 cH3 H]c cH: Ql1(cH3)2
f
cH,, cH: clls

u, sirrgu. lrl.rrr tlc cu.lr,. lir.ltrrrl llt,lccttl:lt':r ( sll rs'

('r1rte
J.Scr.icti str.rrctur.ilc iz,rrrcr.c cu '.ra' Pcrttt'tt
5.l..rrurrrcr.:rli r.e:rt.liri si c6rrrli(ii [)cnll', lr:rlogt'rt:tt't'lt ltlc:trtil.r'.
StIitti t'eltt'ti:t tlc olltirttlc lt ( ('lr tlin
('l l('1.r.
( ( Oct:rrrici ''' ( e
(r. lrr.ecizlrli irrrll.r-l:r,llr. rrrcc:rrrisrrrrrl si rr:rlulu rcltcliei tlc iztttttet'izitt'e. t este il'r'll

Ititlt'ttt':tt'ltttt':-t t'slc tttt 1lLrIt'rrit tlttrlrt:ttl('l

( (l('s((,tll-l]llllrtt ltt'tltiti r:t ttu ttllc
-.( ltr.lr.t,lrrri slt llc slr.rrt.tut.it itl(llllului .ll,,,1lrnlIU t':r Prirt
1tt'
rrrrr

lingi:rltr (.oiltJ)onttllc 2 llCrt(Cltlt ilt Cc:t ttt:ti ltt:tt't clttttit:tlc"' ( t estt llirolizir')

ll. Scricti lo:rtt oritl:lrile ('11,.

().1)r cr: :tlc:trtii st tltlti ttrttttc\t' si llltl':tliltt"'
l 0. l)esc riet i rt t'ttt'l rt t':l :t lcit tt ilot"
(
I l.l)irr l()0 ttt' :ttltcstt'( gll/()\ lirt'rlt:rl tlirr ll,'
( ,llr,. ( ill.. trlt:t ptitt ltt-tli:r't 150 "" ( li" Stiirrrl r':r
r'cu

l'tztllt:l 2'l(l rrrt ( 01. slr sr: llllt cttlttllozitilt pt'ttt't'tttttitllt ll

1tt'itt :tt'rlt'l'c:t el:ttttlltti si ;tt o1l:tttttltti
:ttttestct'ttltti tle gltz.
rttt rttlrttlt tlc ]{)'1'2 l' Stiirltl
ll.I rr:rrrrcs(t.r,l.r.rn:rt rlirr trt.i hirlrocurlrrrri sirluratt lirritrrc \.11.('ocrrll:r
()lJ5'6 I('{)"t:t t':tPot'tttl tltttl:tt'cslt
clr,r-irr lrr.tlr.ctr lo' t'orttltltl:t t'ezttll:t tttt lttltltrt tgltl t'u
\: t'lt ltitlt'tic:ttlrttt'lr (
\:li:(. l:-l:5,si clr r.:r1l,r-tul rlr rrlrst'(:ll -l:I cstc Jrelttttt ltitlt'ot:ttltttt':t
t.,.lilrc r.l,,..lrr-tlrrllltr rlt.:rl.rrri tlt'll irr rtt,ltt'ttllt lltl:t tlt ltitll.t:li-lrttt'll \' I)itlcrrtil-ic:rli

lrirlr.()clrr.lrrrr.ile \ll( lr)st:rlrili{i rlcttsil:tlc:t llrt:l tlc ltet':t:llll('slt('rrlrri rlt ltitll-ot:tt'brrl'i'

l-1.(ili rltlic:rti tttottttl:tlt'ttti l)l'r)\ ill tlc l:r ( 1l I 1,,"'
ll.Sirrl srrlleirrrti I ll l:rcr l)crlll'tt:t ltt'tlr ttttttlrlet lJ'llg plttp:trr"'
I5.( t:tti:tz:t lltrttt'lttI tlc Iitr-llt'r'c llt:tltltrti"'
urrr

l(r.( i{i izolrrt,r.i:ri lrt.r:rnrrltri crttltitt:tlottlii rlt c:tt'lrott lcr'(ilrIi'l

( litt'tttt':tz:t tttt sittgttt'(ollll)tl\
la.Sji st scr.ie rtr.rrt.lrrr-:r corrrprrsrrlrri ctr lilrrrrtrl .11,. ctil'c 1lt-itt clttt'rlt':tte
ntottttt'lttt-tl t :tl.

lll.lrr clrzrrl:rlorttttltti tle t':tt'llttlt ctlct'gi:l tc:t tlt:ti i0irs:t t'rtt'cslltttttlc

orlrilrt ltrltri: 2pl lsl t1,; t1"'l

|
().Sirt tt'z:r :t lt':t rl i.

](}.( e li'I tlc lcglr(trr.i rc t.ttll itt:tlt':tlti l:t r.t:retiilc rlt srrlls(ittr(ic.',
 'l'l,ls'1,\1.('lI l.,\ 1,.

('itc :tlcltcltc izolttcrc cttrcsltttlttl llt lilt'ttttrl tttolccttlat':-t ('.llrr,.

I)c cc alchcrtclc sc tllili lllllllcsc;i tllcl'irlc'l
l)recizuli contlitiilc tlc lritlrogcllllrc il ctclrci.
lrrecizlr{i toulc posibilitlrtilc rle h:tlogettet't izol)uttltit (r'eltctic, c0lltlitii).
('lrrc estc 1lr-otltrstrl tlc trtlitic rr ll('l llt ltrollerrit.
Sir sc scric t'citc{i:t tlc oritl:tl'e il colllllttsiltlt':

cH.f c H;C CH
'll il
CH ,r9: C -R
HC
fH "g-EX
Hzc
I
cHz
HzC- C -H2C-CH-1 CH,J

cu h2('r'10-/llrS0r.
7. lrr cc sitrru{ic citnlitrttttt tlc h1('r':0-/ll:S0r lirlosit Iu oritlrtt'cit ttttci itlcllcltc cstt
rrrinirrrit.
ll. l'r'cciz:r( i tillrr rile tle l'clrc{ i i tlc elirrr itt:tt't ctl ltoscttle'
9. S:"r se scrie rcltctiilc tlr: oritl:ll'c l)l'ol)cllil.
('ttrttltrrsul ,\
lg. l)gi c9rrrplli izorrrg'i .\;i li 1ru:rccilrfi lfll (('ll:),, fi rtccirtli \l-t31.
()2.J07'Z)
st,trrrrrslin-rrrir prin rlcltirlr'ogcn:u'e itttr'-o ltitlrttcitt-brrrit ('crr c:l 1'l)oll irt

rrr,lccslrr ilrr.corll)lrsul ll lirrrrrclrzi prin orirlul't'rtcitl Pt'ttllionic lii llcctollil- Sll SC

itlerrtil'ict' \.1t.('.
I l.Slr sc lir;rrrrrlezt, izorrrt'r'ii e is si f t'lttts lle rttrtr I clttr' 2-l'l trorttltt'tt1tt'ni ;i
(('rl li)(('l l.i)(' ('(('rl lr)(('.il l-)
12.1)errurrrili ltrotlu;ii: ('ll.r-('ll2-0501ll; (('llr)r('ll-0S0tll ; ('llt-0N0r

lJ.O,lc5cr1-r..\ sc tr-:rlslirr-lrrir prin orirllrrc crr solrrlit'rr[)oilril"l tlr: K\lrt01 irtlr'-rrtt

protlrts licltitl li t'rr lirrrrrtrl:t tttolecttlltrir (',, 1l.',, '03
l) Srr rc irlcrrtil'icc srrlrrtlrnlclt'.\ si Ii. stiintl clr [)('nIl'rr srrlrstltttl:t Il rllliol-lrrl
lrutsclot' (':() -l:l
2) Sli sc rg-ie r.c:rc{ilr tlr tr-:rrrslirrrrrlrrc:t ulcltcltci .\ irt corrtPrrsrll ll si sit sc cltlctrlczc
colcr1tl":llirr ppoccntrurllr tlc lrursi lt 79 g solrr(ic tlc lr.\lll0l tlcct:slll'ir oritl:irii :r tl.J g
llcltcrtit \.
ll.('c slr.lrctur-l r or. lrr clr rrlclrrrrt'lc clrre sr: lirrrrrc:rzir 1tt-irt rlcshitlrllttll'cll ltlcoolilor':
f-llrrl:trrol
2-rrrctil 2-ltcrltrtrtl
I I-rl irrrt'1 i I J-lt er:r rlol
l5.O hitlr.ocrrr.llrrr.ir clr.(.contirre rnr rnrnr:-lr tlrrlrlrr tlc ltlotttitle hitll'ogcIl l'lr(:i tlc cel tlc
r.:rrllorr irr rrrolrculir:rrc rlerrsillrlclt l':ttl tle origcrl egrllll cll 1.75.
('i(i lilri tlc
Sitlr-,crrr-lrrrr-rr. llrstrr-rrti lrr l2o( si 7l(r rrurr llg:rrrl crr 1.3-l-ll(c.rr.) :ttl"l
Si se
irlrl(il'iec lritl16cur-lrtrr':r stiinrl c:i nrt t'cltcliotlelt-zit llt rcce ctl lll)lt tle lrl'orlt.
l (r. llcrrct iilc tlr: ltl il ie llt lt lclt crlc (t'tt tt lttct'll t'c. rclcti i )'
I7.1{cle {ii tlc clirttittltrt' 1tt'ill cltl-c sc olrtirt ltlcltcltc
llJ.('itc ltcl'ccltitlc izottteri qcrtrtttlrici llrczirtllr 2.-l-lrcrlrtlicrtlt.
 Alchirre

l. ('i1c ;tcrrtirtc iztttttcre strrtt?

2. Nlctotlc tle oblirtcrc acclilcni

-]. I{euclii ltlclrirtc cllttlizitle tlc sitrrrri.
J. Srl sc scric re:rc{iilc tlc rrrli(ic ltlc lcizilor l:t alcltine.
5.Se lr-lrtcirzir cu ll,g 5(X) g (iu('2 tlc puritirle tl0'2,. Sir sc c:rlculcze: r'olttntul octtllitl itt c.tt. tlc gitztrl

rlcgl jlrl ;i 111s:r llrorlrrsrrlrri olr!ilrul llrin hitlrtrturel uccslui guz, irt llrcze lt{lt trltrri crttltliz.ator, lliinrl

I t)(l"l'.
cil
(r. ('orttlllctl(i rcrtc(i:t: (',,11.-(' ('ll t llr0 )
7. Scric!i llrotlttstrl srttttrltl tle irtlitic:rl ll('l llr 1lr'<lpirril.
l'1. ltc:rctii tlc sultslitrrlie ltlchillc. l'rrlltrit'lir(ile :tccliltlrilor'
(). l.ir lr.lrllrr-c:r lr l0.lJ g tlinlr'-o rrlclrin:r ,\(ornolog ul ('2111) crr o soltttie ittttotti:tcltlit rlc lritl roritl tlr:.\g.
t,tlt.Jl,l X lltfJiprecillil:rl. Sc cere: -lirrrrrrrllr rlc strttclurit l ltitlrocitrlltrrii
IU
,\; -izonret'ii rrciclici lti ltitlrocttr'ltur-ii,\.
I0. Scrie (i rcitctilt tlt' tlittre rizttrt lt itctlilctte i

I l. ( e stiti tlcsprc solrrllilillrlelr :tcclile nci'l

12. Scricti citrlturit tlt' cltlcitr irr lirrrrrl-r iorlici.

I J. llelct i i tlc itlcrr Ii I'iclt t'c itcel ilcltl-t.

ll. Olltirreli crtttcittc tlirr ( :ll:.

l5.t rr cqpglirrrer-rt,grrlul (l:l) lix'rrrclzir llrin oritlrrrt'cu Kttttt(), irt lrretl irr <lc IllS(), ttt'ttt:"tlttrtll

conl [)us r:it rlltlniIic:

H,c
fr .n, cH, ?, o cH.
o cHz cooH l)in cc lrronorrcri :l [)ro\ e lril coprtlilrre rtrl?
l(r. S. tllru I lrirlr6crrr-llrrli lr si lr. Srrltst:rrr!:r ir currtirrc J.69"/u ll ilrr lr:lrc rlt[)orllll tlt'rttrtsit
(':ll''6:1.
('u1lscilrl cir lg rlin sullsllurt:r il ocrrl)a lJ(r0 rrrl irr c.rr.. irrr 0.1 rrroli b lttli!iortcirzi l(r g llI si
lirr-1rt'irzt-r 20.2 g l)ro(lg\ tlc utlilie, s:r sc tlclcrtttitte:- tr;i b;i rttlttlttrrl tlc solutie tlc K:('r20.0.1 N

curc irt nrctlitrl itcitl oritleltzl-l tl.J grlrrrle b.

17. t n c0p0lirrrcr e lirrn11rl rlilr 9J'2, :rcrilonilril si 6"/, acctxl tlc vinil (proccrrlc tlc nlasl-r). Sir sc

clr lc rr lcze :

o r'1rl)or'1ul ttrolrtr ltl celot-2 rtttlltotttt't'i irt coltolirrtt'r

. nl:lsil rlc ('ll1(teor.elic nrct'slrrlr) corrsirlcrirt e:r rrrricir srrrsit tlt'cltt'llott ltcltlrtt <lll(iltt'relt tlnti lolle
tlin collolirttcrtrl tlc tttiti stts;
. sr-l se scric relc(iile chirrricc cltl'c lttl lttc.
 Aldehide si cetone

1. Sa se scrie produsii de condensare dintre:

-proPanal + ProPanal
-propanal + metanal
-acetona + benzaldehida
-propanal + acetona
2. Sa se obtrna din:
acrolei-na ----) acetaldehida
acetaldehida ----) ProPanal
formaldehida ----) acetaldehida
CH4 ----) difenilcetona
3. Reactir de aditre 1a gruparea carbonil '
4. Preparare cetone
5.29di-nprodusulobtinutlareactiauneialdehidesaturatecuomolo-
gul ei superior (in conditii mai blinde) depun 4,35g argint
(Ges=109)

din reactirrul Tollens. Care sint cele 2 aldehide?

6. Condensare compusi carbonilici cu derivati ai azotului '
7. Reacti-i specifice ale aldehidelor'
g. ce rezulta prin oxidare foarte energTica a cetoner cH3-cH2-co-cH3
9. Cum se sintetizeaza sticla plexi?
10. Ce este formolul?
ll.Cesints.Icumseobtinalcooliosip-hidroxilbenzi-1ici.?
L2. Scrieti reactia de obtinere a aldehidei crotonice '
]-3.Caredincompusiicarbonilici-daumaiusorreactiideaditie:
-aldehida formica
-acetona
-etanal
-benzaldehida
-difeni-1 cetona
-metilfenil cetona?
L4. Sa se obtind din: CH4 ) B-fenil acroleina
cH4 ) cHr=911-" (cH:) =0

15. Si se obtrna prin 2 metode o clorhidri-na'

benzen
16. Care din compusir de mai jos se sulfoneaza mai usor: anilj'na,
benzaldehida, toluen, nitrobenzen'
i.'1. Care din compusii de mai jos au caracter reducator:
pirogalol
-benzaldehida , difenil cetona , benzochrnona , metanal ,
CH3-CI , '
 r\lcooli ;i l'cnoli
lt.ll.clrctiilectrirlricetleirttrtrtlrrccrcagrrrll:1rii(.t1.
l.(r1.tt g illllt:\lt:c tlt' t'l:tttrrl si I
-lrtrl:rrrol l'eilcliullclt/i ( llr-()- itttr'-o rtlolcculit se Ittttttesc reac!ii tlt'
ctr 2J g stltlirr' NrrrrrirrtrI tle nloli tle ctltnol ilit re
citrttitittir ct tt r
tlirr ittrtesttc estc: (..,|.rictitrt<llittttittarczttlt:iltrirrrcac(ilttlritlrrlrritle
ltttt(ttttltc
,\.0.2 lt.0.l ( '0.-l l)'0'5 l.,'0'6 cltttl-t ctt o sttlrr!ie itpoasit dc
I'cntllilo ri se litlost';te t'citc{iit
ctt :
2. lrrrrt r.rr l-ccu noilf lcrelr l)'l,rirralclrilltr.eaN-Irretil:rrrilirrcicttcl(lrttt.lttlcttilst
( 'ircizi graSi l)'rrcid litt'ttrcaz:i N-ctil \-nretilarr ilirril
,t.r.i,f strllirric li'lie( lr citz:1 Itttclcttl
irztttic l'..anlrirlritlrr l'talic:t t'..t,,:u1,t,,'"' ()tl tlirr I'cnol tlezactir
la tlcsctttltllttttcrelt
-1.( . ,,,1,,,t, tlc gaze (c'n) se tleg:riir Itcttzttt ic
ctl itcitl
,,,,,,i l.nrtll tlc trirritrirt tlc glicerirrll'1. 15.( c llrotlrrs sr: oll(ine ltrin tritrarc:t l'ctttlltlltti
?i' l-ll'l l)' 162'J rrr'i
cttttcttttritt' irt trccs:
\. lS(r.tl nr'' u'r,rq'r' "ti "" itztttic
t
l'.. I 0(r,l rrr'l .\.o-ttitt'oltttol ll'p-rritt'ol'cttol . ]''
-f.<- iiA,,,',, rlcg:r.irrtir (irr lical) lit:tt'tlcreit:r -l l' tle ttrctitrtol dirritrtllcnol l)'rrcirl picric l.'-l'5-tlinitrolcnol
t' ctr:
c,, ,, 0.tt gi rl nr 5tiirrtl cri l)trtt't'cil
crtlttric:'i :t l6.ltt',toritl,,l tle sotlirr ttrt rcitc(ittttcazii("ltrrlritlr-itllr itcette:t
tttet'rtnolttlrti estt 5-100 l'c:rl rrrol '\'50 kcrrl .\.ttlttltttol li'clorrrrlt tle lrcctil
l'.'20 lic:rl
ll.l(X) l.crrl ("S-ltlicrrl l)'J Lc:rl l).lirrrrtitltlt'lritl:r l"('()1r lll()
rirt or itlit re 5i h itl rolizlt' ll.Sc [lo:ttc olrtirlc lcrtol llrirr:
:.Sirrtezlr glicolrr lrl i tl irr etcrlii' ll
l):rcir sc olllin J r\.t'ctlttcer'crt Ircrrzlrltlt]lritlci
l]'tritlroliza t'lttrtt rii tlt'
rtt't lttc ctt ttlt t':ttt(llllttettl tlc lJ0'l/"'
ctttllt irrtt'tttltts:i irt lr.,tr.l,r.ti,,r,,,ti,t ('Ititlrttliz:r clrtrltertzctttrItticlorurii tlt
l.rnrlli glicol ctr lltrt'it:t(t:t tlc 80"'1" ( 'll5'll krnoli
I)roces c\tc: '\'J rrroli l]'90'-l lig l).oritlal'cl ciclolrcrarrrtltlli l"'hidroliza
l).8,).t, ,r,' 1..-0-10-\ rrroli berrzil
scclrntlltt'silttll'1lt iile' cu c\ctp( la :
(r.St cstcril'icit rtrt ltlctlol rtlonoltitlt'orilic 1 t'|. Srr nt ittler':-t t'itle a l'i rrrra (

ctl lllll\ll tttttlecularit 7-l ctt ttrt

itcitl ttltttttlc:tl'borilic A.lrrr.titclilttletstcr.il.icltr.cscstrllstitlricgrttltitrt,lt
e:t rlrttril it'
()' l'lsltrtrl rczttlt:tt st Ittllllcstc: roril tl irtgrtr p:r c:r rlltlril it :tcitl tr lrri
.':rre co,r1i're JJ'J-l'2i' h itl
tle izolrrrlil tttttti itlcttttl
\.ilct't:tl tle izobtltil li'proltiorr:tt ctr gl'tll):l lt-()- tiirr tltolecrtlrt
ttrt itcitt c:rrlrorilic
ll.l{tirctiilu tlr: tstcril'ic:trc tlintre
1i
( .11t'ttltittrtrtt tlc st'c btrtil
l"ircril:lt tlt scc-lrrrtil reac(ii I'er crsil'ile
l).:rcril:rt tlt izolltrtil tttt itlcttol (rrretlitr ltcid) strrlt
ill (i.lleircliilc tlc cstr:r'il'icrtrc ale I'crrolilrtr tu artlritl rirle lt'
1.,\ lcttttltll ctilic sc pttlrtc oll{ilrt 1t r'itr ltrrttc.rtt:t1
N t"t"'r''t' l tl t rrr ol i tl c lt ltit ltztr l t:r{ i Itcizilttr cirrlrorilici strnt rcltc(ii
totirlt'
lr lcool icli,' gtt'tt'":i' cll ill)it Illllr
it 2 rltttli tlc gltrcttzit cstc: lirrrtttltzi legatrrIi tlc hitlrogcrl
llrin ltrin ltt'tttetttitl'c:t l).lfcnolii
,f.f tl.l ( '-l l)'rtici trntrl l'.'6
K'('r'1 ()' lttllcrrticc rlccil rrlcoolii
li.( c sc obtirlt la oritlitt'cit cicloltcritttoltrlttictt l'..1'ttrtctrtltltl'ierlrtr'c:rlglicerirrtiesltttt:tirrrictlteit
:i:tcitl rtrlltrric: t .. gltlt;tt'tc
(':rcitl
:tl glieoltrltri
.\.ircitl :rtlillic l|'ciclttltcritrtotlit I
().Srrrr1 lrrlcr ltrirtt lrlir'rtrirtiilc' ctl e\ccl)tlil:
l''ircitl ircetic ;i ircitl lrrrtilic tliret{ tlirr lcrroli'
l).rrcitl llropittnic r\.e(erii l'crlolilor tttl st llttt oltlirrc
bactr:ricide'
iilt' ctt crcelt( tit
li. l'crroItr I ;i crestlIii rru proprictit(i
:
().Str rtl irttt'r lr rirte lrl'irnra! tlirt ae r
.'\.glictrirlit cste lirlositi cit :tttlicttttgcl:tttt ('.ltnolrrl st oritlcazit ctt ttrigettttl
lll:ll Illlll'c c:l crt Illetlt lelc
ll.glicclirlll :rrc solrrllilitittt'irl :rpii l). l errtlltr I lt rl t'eltcI itt tteltzii
itt r:tllttrt Iltttlltt' l: I rt'
etlt rto l tt l l'..prirr lritlrtlgellilrtll I'crtolttltri
( .tttctartttltll tslt scos tlirt sitt'ta lrri.tle cirtrc I IlS' oll{int ticlttlterit rlorlii ( ,() lirrrtttitzl-l
l). gl iceri rra lirt'ttr t:tzi-t estc
ri ctt :lc lzl I gl':ll I
:ii.t .,,r.,,,,r crt lirt'tttttlrt rttttlccttlrtrit t'lIr tlottit tttttlttttlt
tt' itztttic lltt'rtlcitz:-t tttl rtitrtttlcr'ir
lt{
itl rlrtit rt or icllt rt cllcl'grcll
1i
!.. glico'inir "tlitlt'l ltrirr tlcslr
l (i.\ tr st' lltt:ttt tltslritl t'rtrt : tlt ltcctttttl-t: ( .2.-l-tl i nr tt il-
\.-l-rrrelil-l-lrtrlltttttlttl l!'2'l tlirrrctil-l-lttrtitrlttltll .\--l-trletil-lltlttt:trtttl 2 ll'-J-lrcranol
('.-1.-l-tl i lrret i l-l-llu t:r rio I tr I ll rttitttl-2 tt
|
l).J,-]-tl i ru et i l- lt tr t:t rt o l-2 11.2.2-tlirrrctil-[tttt:trtol-
l).tcr'(-lltrtlrrroltrl l"izrtlttrtltrtolttl' itrotttltltcc
ILSc
' -' poittc olrlirrt tlir"t'cl tlirr hitl rocltrllttt'i . ( (;.
rrlchil:trt' t'ttlttccrt' ltcilltrt' oritlitt't
st cstcrt st lttltlc rc:tliz:t ltrttt :

1r,'i,, ttitr:tl't" 2l.()blilre rc:t glice rrtlrrlrri dirt lr:t z ir::t

2'sitllolrilic:tre -1. lr irl rolizir
l.lritlroliz:i ircitlir
:t1loi hitlrolizit: ('11-o'esol
.\.tlt-rtitro rilert li'l'-l-tliltirlrrtribtrtzttt -1. lr itl t'ttgett:t t'c
l).ircitl J-ittttitttt llcrtzttic l"'\1it' I 22.Srrrrt col'0ctr lrl'irrrrlrtiile:
l
ctt litt-rttttl:t ( 31 1 1';O rt tt l.lrlt'trriziisrr,rtt.rrrlrllrr5iitrllici2.ctilcrrglittlltrl
l 2.l)irltrt cotttlttt;ii :tt'otttillici
tttltltiit' rlt': t't':rt'tir,ttt'llzlt t'tt stttl itt
t'e ite tiortcitzli rrr \irOll
tttt
( cortt lttrsi l)'9 tltt'e tleciit iorrtrl
.\.5 cottt lttrsi ll'a corrr 'll
ltrr1i .l.iorttrl ltlcolitl cstt o ltltz:i tttai
t'ttttllttt.i l"l{} eotttllttri lritlroriI t lirlositri e:t
tt' n:'i..):l:., lcoolilttl' ctt tttctitlclc itltitlittc
esl
l-l.l-l.l g tlc e tatrttl ii lt""l t'ertc{irttt,titzri \il l'e:tc{lollil ,.,,
ctl
J. r'citc{i:r lt

Volrrrrrrrl solu(iei tle \lir()ll0'2\ c:rrc sisttttt rttl trciitttt'

ilctst il Illestcc estc: 2-],Srrrr1 r ltl:rlrilt' irlit llerrlrrr itlcoolttl alilic cit 5i 1tt'ttlrtt
l'
,\.10I l]'100 crnt ( 'l I l)'l 1.. l.,'l'5 .-.:...
c\ctl)llll:.
alcoolrrl lrcnzilic atirrrrirtiilc:
l-1.\rrnl tr)t't('tc :tl'irrrr:ttiilt'tlt
ttliti ios' r'tr
-:: l.\llllt ( (ltlll)ttri ttt r:tlttt':tti
2.11rirt oritl:trt ctl hllrr(i' 1i
Il'SO1lirrlnc:rzji trtr rtcitl
,,\.lrltrttllcctrlclcitlctlttlilttr.gr.lr;ilrtrlicttrrilir(i.ilt()lllll
tlc lritl rttgttt
tlt origert clcr-ici pol rt:tliz:t Icgiitrrri Illrlll()cil l'l)o\ ilic
 J. pi rogrr loltr I cste lirlosit l:t tlttzlt rtit origt'rt rr lrr i tl i rt
-l.prirr oritlitrt crr l(1( r'.()- ;i IlrS()1 lilrrtrc:rzl-t o
lltlthitlri lt ttttstcctt t'i tlc gttze.
J.sr pttittc olt(ine llrirr ltitlrttlizit ttrttri tlcrir:tt -35.lleirc(iorrertzit ctr ltitlroritl tle stttlitrrtt:
It:t lt tge It it t l.alcuttlullrertzilic 2.[]-rral'tolul -J.tttttirttoltrl
2J.Sr olr(inc proltittn:tl rlc llrollil llrirt tr lll rcir it lcttttltt ltr i -l. yr i rog:r lo lu l
llropilic cu: -l(r.Srrrrl :ttltr itt':tlt tlcsllrc llrtttltlsttl tlc tlcsJtitlt':tt:trt :rl
l.clortn'it tlc 2.clorttt'it tlt prollil
ltrollionil izolt rtt 1xt lt ttlttItt i:
-1.:rrrlritlritlir llrollionicit J.propiorlitriI l.1tt'in oritlirre lrllirrtlii lirrtltcltzi-t :rcitl l.l-
25.rrretil lenil r:tcrtrl ;i alcoolrll lrcrlzilic: tlilr irl ro r i lt ro llt tt

l.ltrt :tcci:t;i litt'rttttlii lttttlcctrlltt'li 2.t't:trlirtttt':tzi 2.prirt ttritlrtt'c erte t'gicit lirrrttcltzi=t itcitl itct'lic
crr ltitlt'ttritlttl tlc sotlirr J. p ri rr Ir itl rogr:rl il t'c tot:l l:l lit rttleazit I)r'o[)21 Il
-1.con( irr citt tlorni 1lr:rcclr i tlt clcct t'tltt i rrclll rt ici pir rr{i J.se lirrrttc:tzit 1l t'i tt c t'itc:t t'ea 1t rrlpa rt rr I tr i
1t -l.rrtr litt'trteltzli Iegirtrtri tlc hitlrogclr irrtrt ci. -17.1'rin lritlrolizit rtlttrictttttlltts ctt N'l 127 5i 55.()'2i, clor'
l(r. l.lrrrtoltt I rt' ulrl ittt' 1tt'irt : rczultir: l.:tcizi 2.tlioli -l.esteri -l.irltlchitlt'.
I . li'r'rrrcrrlit!i:t glucttzci 2. retl ttcet'cit lrcetlrlrlelr itlci JlJ.lrr citrc tlirr reirc(iilt tlc rttili .itts st lirl'rrrtillil t, Iltltli
-1.:rtlitirr rtllei llt ctcn:i -l.tritlrolizlr clortrrii tle r irril lcgilt tr rii o c:t rltott-ttr igt'tt :

27. l.r ilrcirlzit'c:t rttttti :ttltestec t'cltitttttl:tl' rlc 1lro1l:tnol 5i l.sec-brrtitrtol i K,( r'r()-/llrS()r
ct:t rtol (irt I) r'czctll:l acitl tr ltr i str llir rit') a tttcstcctr l l'ittit l 2.ll( ( ll r ( llr-('OOll )
conlinc corlt l)ttgt ctl: J.rrrclarrol r ( rr/J(l0o( -l.cte nii I IlOll
l.l irtortri tlt c:tt'lrott in Irlttlct'trl:'i 2.5 ittorlti tle cttrlttttt -J9. l)r'tzi rt I ii e:l t':t cle t' t'ctl tt cit ltt t':
irr nroleculit l.lltrtrtttttltrl 2.itcrrlleittit -l.ltitlt'ocltittortlt
-1.,J itlorrri tlt c:tt'lrtttt itt tttttlecttli-t J.(r :rtortti tlt c:tt'lrtttt -l.it lcortlrr I rtt'ttt-lt itl rttri llcrrzilic
irr rrrolccttl:-t J0.Srrnt cot'e t te :tl'irrrr:t1iilc:
2lJ. S rr rr t ro l'ct[ (' tt t' ttu-t lttrt t'e le :t l'i rrrllt I i i : l. r'elrc(ii lc tlc estel'il ic:t t'c lrle alcoolilor' 5i lcrtttlilor c tr

l.li'noli i t'cuc{ iorttitz-it ctr c:t t'lrttrtrt( i i netr t ri i it lc:t l irr i clorrrri ucitlc srttt ilrrlritlritle srrrtt re:tctii totltle
f .r'(oritlul tlt \tt le rtc(iottcitz:-t crr I l()ll lirrrrrintl alcool 2.li'rrolii litrrlte:tz:i ctt clttt'ttt'lt tle llcltzett tliltzrrrtitr 1t

e tilie 1i \rr()ll It i tl rtt r i:tzr I lrt tt zc tl tt I

-l.lt lcool tr l :rl il ic 5i :lccloll:l stt rt t izotttet'i tlc lil ltc( i tr rrr:
J.pt'rttrtt tttt cttltltt itcirl-llltzrt colr.itrg:tl:1. llt 25"( t'stt'
r itlirltilrl rclrl(i:t: pK , i pK,, Il
l().Srrrt ('or'('ctt rtt'lttt-tltt:tt'tlc irl'irrrr:r{ii tlt'spl'c tttctitltttl:
I.:lr'(' I)tttcrc citlttt'ici-t ritlicrrtit 2.st' oh{irlt tlirr
( () lll1 -l.rtt't c:lritctot' t'etl treitlor
J.sc olr(int'llrin ltitlroliza clortrrii tlc rrrt'lil
-J0.Srr rr I co rtc(c tt rttt r-tto:t I'elc a l'i rrrr :r ( i i :
l.lt lcoolii stt llt cottt J)tl$i ctt gl'tt p:t re lir rtc( iorr:tl:1
rttttrror:tltttti"t
l. rolrrlrilit:tlclt ltlcoolilttr e l'eft('e tl ttttttl:it'ttI tlt'
grrrp:iri lritlroril.
.1.:rlcoolii lttr tlcttsitittc:t ttt:ti tltitt't tlccit
Ir itl roc:rr-lr rr t'i ltl r ctt t'ts 1t tt tlz:-l Ioil l'c
J. to(i orttttlttgii srrpcriori lti ctt'ttci tl:ltr. ltrilt lttliti:t
-].l"crroltrl t'e:tc{itttteazr-t r:u o solrr{ie tliltrirlir tlc itcitl
rrzrtlic l:t ttrttllct':tttlrii olli5rrtlilit lirrrrrintl tttt ittllt'slt'c tlt'
o si p-rtilt'rtlcttttl
J.ttrn ttl:tctt I ctttt I i rlt' tt ttclcc lerrttlicc ctttttleltslt tt' ctt
( llr () irt ttt:ttc r:clc -) llozilii itctir t' (o. o ri p1
( l.
1..,\lcorizii t'clitc llritt lritl rolizl'1 alcrtolrrl tlitt e:tt't' ;ttor irl'
rleo:trcct iorrtrlalcttritl tsle o llazit rttailitt'c tlteilt iorrtrl
lritlror il.
l.llitlr-rilizlr clot'ttt'ii rlt r irril cotttlttct l:t ltcttltltlthitlir.
tlro:r reet' it lcttol rt I I irr i lit' cstc ilrstl llil
:t J.(JlicolrtI itt'c ltttttclttI tlc l'itr'[lerc tttlti tttllt't'cll tlillloltlI
tleo:trtce itrc tttilsll tltttltcttl:tt'li lttiti tttitl't
-1. l'.ristlr tr u ttt:t i J izrlrrrcri ( I I r)() tlctt:t rt'cc itlcoolii r I

a1tei, ult ooli stctttttl:tI'i su t rr rltt i ltrczirtlit izttrtttt-ic tlc llozi( ic ;i tlt' cal t'rt:-t.

-l I .,\ lcooltr I lelt-brrl il ic se llolttt' olr( irrt pri n : 5.,.\leoolii rttr se ts(e rillcl-t ctt itcidtrl lirslirric tlcttrtt'cce
I . lr itl ro gt'tt lt rcit I ri ttt ct i lt't'l tt ttc i tstrrii sc ttlttitt rtttttt:titl itt alcoolictl:tcizi org:trtiti.
f.lritlrolizir 1trtttltrsttltri rlt irtli(ir: it ircitltrltri clorlrirlric (r.u-rtitltolul st' e tcril'icii ttl ltltt:lllollll irl llrczcn!:r I I( 1.
lir izolrrrtetul rleort t'tct rtit l'lit l itrir il t'(' tl ll t:l l':lclcl' lt t ottt:t l ie rttlt i lttr l i rr
i lrt izolltttt'ttit rt t'tttitlit tle h itl rol iza
-l.irtl it i:r clot'tr l tt I)r'on u nlirl tlt'cit ltt'ttzcrt tt l.

g!lritlroliz:r 1lt'tttltrsttltri tlt'rrtlitic rt:tt'itlrlltri srrllrrric lit 7.licrtoluI sctr:tte ltcitlttI citrlrortic tlirt sitt'trrilc s:rlt
izolr rr I cttlt tlcourcce t\tc tltl itcitl rrraislirll tlecit ltcidttlcltt'lrottic
-11.,\lcoolii lritlrorilrerrziIici se pol olrtirrt llrirr: ll.l{tirc(ilr tle ttitt'itrt it lerroltrlrri sc [)oilte lrtce crr lcitl
l.lritlrogt'rutrtlt be rtzlrltle ltitlci l.hitl roliz:r irzotic tlilu:tt. rleo:trtce I'crloltrl tla reactii tle srrltslittrtic
clot'rt t'ii rlt' lrtrrzil rruri rr;or tlccit h itl rocit r'[ltt t'i lc it rtlttt:tl ice
-l.corrrlens:t rtit lerrttltr ltr i ctr lirrrrur ltlclr itl:t itt tttetl itt co re s 1t tt tt zri t tt:t rt.
lu c irl 9. 1' i rttg:t lo l tr l lt rc llro ll rictir{ i rcd trcir toa rt tleoit ret't st'
J.corttlttts:tt'cl It'ltolrtItt i ctt lirrrr:rltlelrirllt itt tttctl itt oritlc;tzit ltltt'tc rtstlr ctt ttrgcttttl tlirt ittt'
h:r z it' l0.l;trroltrl tttr \c I)olltc ttlrtirte prin lritlrolizlt clttrrrt-ii tlt'
-J-].Srr lr t co rcctt' ir l i l'rrrrr( ii le: lcrril tlt'o:rrt'ct' elttt'rtt'it tlt lcrril t'stt tttt tltrir ltl llillog( llllt
l.lcrrorizii t'rttt{itt tt ltgirttr r':-t iorricll l.lent;rizii ett t't':tt lir il:ttr' rt'iztlllt.
srrrtt ittsoltrlrili irt irpit
-1. It'rror izii stt tt t tltscttttt llrr;i tlc itcitl tt I clt t'llott tc
-1.lenolii rtrtc(ittrttitzit ctr ( l()
,l-l.Srr rrt ( orc('It rrlirlrrrt(iilt:
l.lr itl rotlr irrotla it t'e l)l'ol)l'iclit ( i retl rrcit to:t re 2. lcrrolrr l

t'slt' rtt:ti :tt'itl r':t :tlt'o,rlii

 l)erir ali hulogcnl(i

..\.cl6ru11 rle yinil ll.ll'e on ( .1,2.-]-triclor'ol)rol)iln I).clorurir de bcnzilitlen

1.. p tl iclttrobcrtz-crt

.\.bcnzen ll.p-rilr:nul (.1.-1,5-trirrretilberrzenul l).1,2.-1.5 trt|itntclilbctlzenul L.pentanretilbenzcnttl

.l.l)irrtre lurit'ulii clontrttli tlu ttrtti irts, ltidrttli:.au:.[t t'L'l trtrti uSttr:
.\.clorur.u rlc r irril lJ.l.2-rliclorr:terrl ('.2,J-tliclortoluen l).clorurlt tle butil
1'..clortrrrt (lc terll)tr(il
,1.('ltilitutcl r1a.\'rr(.Yg t.u puritoteu ll0"i cc rcut'liorrLtu;.ti (u 2 tttoli clontri tle ulil L'sla:
.\.5,7til s li.l22.s g ('.5,3 g l).1'8 g ["7.2 g
5.('1lI ,Cl, pre;.itrlti utr rtruruir de iltrntri uLiclici cgrrl cu:
\.t lt.s ( .6 I).7 [..8

\. I ll.2 ( .-l I).J I".5

\.0.98tt g tt.-].6 g ( '2.55 g I). 1,976 g 1"5.-l8li g'

rlit'lrtrrrtultut itt rultrtrl ntttlttr 6:-i:1. ('ttrtt'ersiu ttlilit (t l)roL'(\lrltti ttslt':

.\.10'2, 11.25"1, (.-10"1, I).-J5'2, l'..-10'2,
9.1-sla utlet'irttli dcsprt ruttt;litr ttt'L'lilctrt:i trr Llrtr gu:.rts rr.firtttrtlitt:
IJ.nccrsitir Ilg( llirr c:rlit:rtc rlc cutulizutor ('.se lirlrtleazli c:trlttttt llrt
\. se lirrrrre:rzir l.l-rliclor.clcrrir
tlir izut
l).sr lilrrrrcrrz:l urr rlrrirtrt h:rlugrrr:r( r'u rc:teliritrttt lit:rrlr: nric:-t l..sc litrrltcazit clol'lll'fi tle rinil

.\.eltrtil l].bLrle nir ('.pro;le n:i l)'pcnttrrit l'.hcrcrrii

,\.rrr-rilenul l].o-rilenul (.1t,rilcrrul l).ctil-bertzenrrl Ll.r'irtil-bcrtzenrrl

K2( r,O /lt2S0 1, tL'itlrrl )-ntt'til-prttltittrtiL'. ('urL'eslt ltitlrttttrhttru'?

prirr tt.r'ilttrt crt
,\.1-Pcntcn:r Il.-l,rnctil I butena ( .2,nrctil I-butcnu I).2-pcn(errlr l'..izo1lrtn
l.l.Sa tli tclterttu:
ll('l /(('\ )tl:o
.l--------)tl ----------) (' )trcitl trinu'lil uLt:lic Il eslrt:
-K('t -.\'//r
.\.clorur:r tle 2 tlutil ll.clur-ur:r tlc izobutil ( .clttt'rtr:t tle t llutil I).clorurlt tle butil
[].nici urr t isptttts
l,!.l.tt trttlttrctr prttltitrt,i ('t, (,,\'('t,.\ ttt tt( ! Si rtltoi ltitlrttliTt t'rtttrltttsttlrri rthlirtrtl stt.frtrtttutr:.ti:
.\ulcglul rrlilie ll.pru;xrrr:rlul ( .pru1t:trttltut I).prttltltrrtlioltrl l',. acitltll plollionit'
I 5.( L:! rrttti u.\or 5( ohlitt( l-(lt)r li.fr'ttil trteltrrtttl tlirt:
.\.llenzerr 1i clorrrri rlc llenzil li-clttrltettztrt 1i cltlrurli tle [rerrzoil
(.clur.ur:j tle p clor-ltcnzil 1i Irerrzcn (l.c('1.) I).tlilerril rttctitn 5i cltlr l:r lLrrttirrit
I -.elttt'[ttnze tt 5i clortr ril tle tre ltz il itlerr

\.( (,ll|, B.( rlls (.(.III(, I).(',-l1r,, 1..( rllr

tlt ha4:.i1, tlttnrnt
t-brrlil, t'lrtrtrrtt da rrtttpatttil, tlttntrtt tlc i:lthulil, t'lrtrttnt tla./t'ilil:
\.7 I].-t ( .2 l).-l 1... I
l ll. t' r i t t lt i tl ro l i :.t r !t t t :.i t' ti u t l rt nt f i t r t t t t r l r t i r a :.t r l t ri :
.\.clor.urir tlr rnetiltlt ll.nrctrnol (.nretltn:tl I).:rcitl lirrrrtic I'..rriei urr r:-lsl)tllls

rrtttli strttl:
.\.grrup:rn 0,1 pr.0penii 0..] ll.rtun 0.2 propcnir 0.2 ('.tttetlttt 0.1 proptnii 0,2 I).1tr-op:rrr 0'l
buttrri 0.-l L.butlrr 0,2 [rutt'ttil 0'I
20. l.rgrrtrl lr cttr:tltrtt:i ttr ccit ttttti Illilrtl I)olnrilillc cstt:
\. ( ll ll.(' I: ( .('-( l).( \ 1..( -l

( (;
) 1..\'e pot tthlittt' rtlcttrri tlirr rlcrivuli htthtilctttrli lsrirt rtttcliilt:
l.tlc5itlr.ghtrlogcnilrc rrrnlilt:-l tle hirlrogcnrtrt 2.hitlrolizl-r ut'ntltlit tlt tltsltitlrltt:tIc
.l.hitlrolizli. tlcshitlrlture. hirlrogcnurc -l.c:trbttrilrtre ttrttt:ttil tlt lritlrolizl.
) )..\ tt tt I rL' trL'l i i cutu I i:.ttI ( tI ( si ru ri :
l.tt'uttslitt'ntltrcrl ( rll, in (',111 2.izorttct-izltlclt ltleitttilttr'
-1.:rrliti:r II,O l:r ( ,111 J.:rtli(ie hitlrlcizilor. l:r ( 1ll1
2-l.Sttttl ntelole ilc olt{ittarc u hidrrtcttrhrtrilor:
l.,iroliz:r rrrctlnului 2.tlehitlroh:rlogenilrell tlerir:l{ilor halr-rgcrr:r{i
J.clrtrid 9i rrpii -l.hidroliz:r ( u2( 1

)4.1-'leuu sc ltrttttc.fitlttsi lu ohlincrc tlirtctri tlt:

l.clurctitn 2.polielertir -i.glieol J'stiren
)5.('ure ilitt rcut'(iila tlc rttui jtts utt ktc lu lurttitrri'!
l.clorurirrcu benzenului 2.clorur:rrea toluenului J.clorurarea izobutanului 'l.clorurarea C2llz
2 6. Stt trl uilevi rut c u.fi rtnttyi i I tt :
Ltlerivn(ii hillogcnr(i prezinti izonterie de pozi!ic 2.clorura de etil cste lblttsit:i ca ttnestczic
tle trilretilunrgnirr corrline o lcgirtur:i coortlinativir -l.cloroctcrtlr :tre reactil'itatc nl:lre
-J.i.tluru
) -.( lrtntrrt tlr' vittiI rt'ttt (ittttttt:.it t tt:
t.t(( \ 2.llr .1.\llr -l.ll( I

?,9..!rrt1 td tvi ru I c u.fi rttrrt( iiIa :

irrsccticitl
-1.c6r11ru;ii huloge n:rlisltura(i llil:rtici reac!iortettzli ctl ltnlolliitculin nrctliu b,lzic
-l.tlcrir ir(ii halogen:r{i t)ot ltl)il'tll 5i irl stltre g:tzrt:tsi
)g..Stirrrrilc rlL' ttrcr<ur pttl./i./itlrtsitt' dreltt t'trlrrliTtrtrtr itt retrcTiilc:
Lutli(i:r IlOll la etinir 2.urnonoritlurrr rnet:tttultti .1.ltli{il tle II( llrr etitrri
-l.rrdi{ia clorului lrt tterri
.J(1.I't,ttlnr ulcltctttt t:tr .f itnttrtlo ( ,,1 I ,; c-rislti:
l.{ ulclre ne cirre sc urirlcuzii cu I lilru solutic l\r( r1O-/lllSO, llcnlru urt Irtol tlirt Iiec:tre
2.rrurn:ri tlouh:rlchcrrr r.:rrr llr uritlurc cu h,( r2o./llrsol lirrrneazii o1
(
-l.o sirrgurri ult.Senir c:rre lirluse;lr la uritl:tre o ctrllittle rttinirnli tle s0lu(it oritl:tntli
-l.rl0ui:rlchcnr c:rr-e l:r 0titlurc rrrergicit litrrlttltzit:rltlthitle 5i acizi.
-l l.S rt ttt .f i t I rt.s i 1i ctr uga tr 1
i .f ri gt t ri.f i c i :
l.t.lor.ura tlc etil f. -cloruru tle rinil -] clttrut:t tle rrrctil -l'iotltrra tle benzil
.t2.ttol ./i.fittosila cu rattclii ltt,nlrrr tntirircu rtutruirului utrttrtilrtr lc curbttn tlitt rttrtlet'rtlri:
l.('llr-\ I li('N 2.lrt'rrzcn r ctcn:'r -l.berrzen t ctoruri tlc benzil J.benzcrt 1 clorurl'l tle llenzoil
-1 -1. I'ol r e u cl i r t tt u L' u I t i il r t t!.! tt r t t r I :

l.tlrc:rlinu 2.cianuru tlr etil -l.clururrt (le ncol)cntil {.tctralin:t

-t4,p1t./i./ittrtsilc cu reuclii lttlrlrtr trtic.yortrr(fi ntunirttltti ttltttttilrtr tlc turhrttt
litr rrrrtlttculri:
l.crlrc:rrrl :rtcanilor. 2.orirlart,:r :rlclrrnclor cu llicrottlltt tle llotesiu in nretliu itcitl
-l.or itlrtrc:t tr lcltcntlttt' ctr stt I tr ( ic :rcitlir tle K \l n( ),
-l.oritl:tt'e:t ltlcltenclttr t'tr sttltttie slltlt ltltzicii tlc K\lrlO,
I 5.'l ll ntt' I tt rel t tt tt :
l.lrre c:trbttttii s1l 2.:rre carllttrrii sccuntlltri
-1. lit or itlrt rc crr h NI nO,/l I 2SO,
lirrrrt eazi'i Iirrrrrirltlehitlh -l.rcacf ione rzr-t cu IIz
16.('lrtrrtrila tlc t'icloltt.ril Si.fi'ttil ttrt u)t,ttttt:
l.r.ractir ilateu hal0gerttrlui 2.rc:rclir itatt:r cicltrltli .).crtn{irtuttrl in clor
J.e:tlltl izltlttltt I lirlosit llt tt b{ i lt trc:t lot"
17.('otttlttrlii t'rt.fitrntulu rnttltculttri (';ll ,llr; ltrtt.fitrrtttt:
l.glir:ol ,r'irr hirlrolizir l.:rcitl rrrctil ruulurtic Prin r-erte(irt cu K('\;i rrPoi ltitlrolizli
.1. l.-l,rliur,irr65ul:r1 pr.irr rcac(ie cu h( \ 5i :rpoi hitlrogtnlrt. {.lrcttaltlchirli;lrirr reac{i:l tlc hitlr0lizit
.ill.Sc prtt ohlitre t!irL<:l pritr hilrttlil.tr rlarivulilor hulttvt'rrttli:
t.clt' ('ll.o 2.ll-( ooll -1. (lll.i ('o ('ll.r -l'('(,ll'-oll
.l9.Sttnt (.uru(,1(risli(t! tlcrirtrlilttr hulrtt2r:trttli uli./ittici reuc(iilc tlc.sitrlttati tt:
l.anrirrelur 2.elcllilltt'cntlttr -l.alcltcnclor J'ltlcoolilttr
4 ( ). Su nt u) r((l ( rt.f i rtt ttt I i i I e :
l.lal,gcrr:rrcu I)r.ol)e 1ci ll 5(X)"('rstc o sul)slitulic 2.cornpugii hllogcntrIi sunt insolubiliin
aPli

rr:rl u rlr lor

( t..
-ll.llitlrolizu Il-\ cste 0 sullstitu!ir tleortrecc ltre loc irt I)rczcnlil ltltzcl0r

rlecit benzenrrl.

J-I.( lor.uru tle lcnilestr r.c:rctiri (leeil cloIuril tle ctil tlrt)lrIrte eonlint'un tltlclert xronlatic
rrl1ri
-15.-1,516r1-2-rlctilSglcnu-l glrt zinli strrcoizrlnttri tlertltrect e tttt(inc tt le git(trr':i rlultli

chirnici sc:-tzutil.

puterrric pol:tri.
 \ ttt ittt'
t. llcltilurttu ttrclilttrttitrci .\( l)()tt!( rttrli;.tr t tt:
.\.cl,r.rr.ri rlc r irril ll.clor.rrr.lr (lc lrcetil (..lrt'rrzolrl rlc li'rril I).clor'trrii tle :rlil l'..clot-lrt'ttzctt
).( trIr,rlitrlrt,.srrb.tttrrtl(ltt tlr,rrttti itt.t 1tIt,:.irtlti tltctrttrti rtcJtrtrlitiltrrtr(i ?
l.clor.trr.lr tlc l'crril irilt0rrirr 2.trcIilorrilrilrrl .l.r\r' O l{. l.clttt trt it tlt' lrt'tlztlt tli:tztrrritr
5.:rcitltrl lrt'ttzctt rrr I llrrr lc
,,\. 1 .2.1 l!.2,1, I ('. 1 ,2,1.'1,5 I).2.-1.'1.5 L 2 "t
.|. l,ritt lt.ttlut.(t0 ilt,(ri ilt,titt( turlittra (tt t'lttrltttt tl( ttl(lil.tt rtltlirtt':
,\.rr itrrtitlit ll.0 itiltirrir ircclilirlir (..0 sir|c tlc tliitzttttitt l).rl sitr't crt:ltt't'ttltt ii tle itttttltlitl
Llt :tt 1i;t tttt itt't' lttt'

,,\.ttilt;tt e, itlt:ltil:tIt, t't'tlrtt'ct c. itt'il:tt't', 0ritlitr'c' lritlr0lizli

ll.:rlclrillrr.c. rrirr.rrr-r'. t.(,(llrccr.0, o\i(tiil c ( .rritIlrre. r'0rluct't t'. lrlcltil:tIc, olitlitt't'
l).irlclrilirr.c, ,ritllrr.e. rri(r.irr.r^.. r.t'tlrrct,r.t. I,..irlclrrllrrt,. rritr':r-('. r'('(lu(('r'(', ilcilitt'c. rlrttl:tt c. lritlrolizi
j.l.tr lrttlttt.rrt rrrtilil,,i t 1 ll( l trrr lttt trrntiitrttrttlr trtrrt.tf'rtrtttiiIi, ( tt t'.\'((lt(itt
\.ctttttltttsttl lirtttrir I l'(il( liollcll/.il crr Qf*3 \ ll1
ll.cr.cllc cprrIilrrrtrrl rlt,ltitlrrrgt.rr err l.-l.lH'l',,
( .trelrrl;ttttttt:tltt'rt ilt'z:ttlitt':trlt
l). sc lilr.rrrt,lztr 6 lcllittrrr'ii corlr'tlirtirtirii l..rc lirt tttc:tzli tttt totttJrttr iUttit'
(t. l'rt;.itttri ( t:(t ttt(ti ttt(tt'( l)(t:.i( ilttt('
,\.lrt,rrzilctilrrrrrinir ll.irrriliilil (.rlrelilirrrrirrrr l).irll'rr-rrirllillrntirilr l..rztrltrrrllilitrrrirt:t
T.l..ttt,rttlrrltilri g!ul l)(!n!nt tutilinii ttit.1i patrlrtt ltur:.ilrrrtritrii tr.firrrtrrlitr:
\.lrcciirSi lrirzicitiltc ll.r.t.irc(ioilt.irzi llr li'l tlc ttloI crr Il( I

( .cicl1l :lt'ollillic itrt, itcciltli rt'lrt'tir illtlc I),t'rlt ltrrrirri :tt'ottt;llicli

1..t:t;ttrt'ttrI (lill(l e ('lcclt-ottii 1t:rt es{c :l( ('l:lli
,\.1)irtlrt'tttttittalt ( tll il\'rttr Ir'rtt(ittrtr'ili.ti ('tt (lttttttrr tlt rtt''lil"
,,\.1 lt.2 ( .-l I).J l'..5

,\.rrrrlrirlr.itlir irct,tict-r Ii.:rcirl p|opiorric (. (.lorrrrir tlt rtttlil:ttttotlitt

l).rrrttoniitc t..to1i cci l)iltl'll c()rllJ)trli tlc tttlti stts'

IItttrt tttrtrtIt't ttItti tlc tttttittt atIc:

t.2(r.5.ill li.1-1.6g ( .i-l.l g l) 'll ?' g l"l0' l tl
I l.O rrrlrrpttrttittti ltrirtttrrir rrlifttlitti ttt'('ttt (()tttf)t).-.i1itt r'i 19,1,\",'\..lttrittrt t'.'lt''
,\.rliclrltrrrrirr;t. Il.propil:rtrrittlt (,l lrrrltlrttltirl:t l).t'tilrttrrirrrr l :rrtilrrt;r
I ). llirtrttt(irt ittr rtrL't lit tlt.tlttr tt-tttltrirlittti r','tt
,\.csle 1:rrrrirri irrorrr:rlit;j. gtrrrrrirrir ll.lrrr'tttt'ltz:r lt'glilrrr'i tlt lritlrrlgerl ctl :ll)it
(
( .itrt' litt ttttrllt 1lcrrt't lrli ,,1 I ',,.N
l).pr.ilr prrrllrle crr K\llrOr,/ll,SO1 lirrrne irz:i itr'itl o ltttlittu ltt'ttz0it'
l'.,rt' ;trlttt' t tttttit'ttslt ctt clttt ttt it tlt' ltertzttrtlilt'r ottitt

,\.a li.l-l (.9 l).ti l.s

,\.{r2,2ttg Il'S{}.2 g ( .6S.18 11 l) J'}'lll g l 'rl' lS t

I 5.. llirrttttlitr f'ttl.tii tlt.tltra ttttilittit:
,\.se 6lllirrc pr.irt rctllt(.('r'(,it rrilrolrrrtzt'ttttltri li,cstc o:trltirt:i:tIrltrtirticli
( .irr pr.t,z.t,rr(;r ireirlrrlrri irzolos Iirr'rttt'lrzii sliltrli tlt'ltt'ctttliitzttrtitt
l).1tr.i1 crrlll:rrc cu si'irtrrilr tlc irrerrtlritzottirt liit'rttt'itzi'i t'ttlttt ltttti ltroit i

l..cstc o it rrr i rrir irli lirt icli prirrtlt rir

( (,
I (t..\'rtrtI t ()t'(r'I( ttfit trtu(iiIt''
l.irnrirrt,lt, pIirtr:rr.t, :rlrl'lrliet. r'(,:t(.1i0il(,:t/.it cu :tcitltrl clorlritlric
l.li'rroritlrrI tll' sotlitrtlt (olllillc tt lcgiittrrii ionicii
.i.it,1lr.crrtrl c6rr(irrc l1t itfotlt tlt,clrrlrorr lct{iltr'. .1.:ttt'lltltrl tlc t'lil corr(irtt'o lt'11irtrrIi i0rtieli
l-'.ltt tt,tttlttrttrl ll ( ll. \''ll.r ' ttl()tttttl tlt rt:rtt'
l.estc lrrlrr.itlizirt s,' l.r.c:rc(ion(,ir7il t.rr;rnilirrir .1.lirr'rrrcirzii.l leg;-rttrIi tttr:tlt'ttlc \l I tr)r)r(lrll:llr\:r
.1.lirrtrrc:tzi-t trti ItgiiIrr t'i t ttr lllt'ttIt' 5i ttttir iorrici
l,\,.\' tt I i t t rt r t' t' I t' tt.f i t t tr i i c :
t t t rt 1
I

l.trrrrirrele ltr.irlrrrt lrlrrrrrirlicc irrr It:rzicitrtl(il tltiti tltltr'c ttet'il lltltttttiltttll

 l.nitlirlrrl tlc etrl ;i rtilt'oc'l:trtttl strrtt itlcrrlici

,.,,,,i,,,,,, s(: ol)1 ittc 1tt'itt I'ctl ltcct'(:l ll it l'ol)ellzcll ll llli

I t). l:ortttcrti,ii uttilittat lsrirr rtttlttcart:
Leiirrrrrr':r rlc Icrril 2.lrcrtz:trrtitl:,t -l.lrctlztl:ttttl tlc rttttttttitt J. rritrollcrrzcrt
)(t, lLilttt'rttt tunitt(lor st' ltrttttt.fltca ctt,'
l.rrr'izi c:trlrrrrilici l.:rrrlrrrlritlc l.nirrili
l.clolrrri :rcitlt
.)L lrttirtrt ( u ftu'tnulu ( ,///, \ ltotrtr r.ti.ttrt irt frtrtrttt ttttti tttttllttr i:,ttttttriI
l.trlll :rrrrirrr, 1lr'irrr:rrt, l.llli rrntirtt' tt:r'{ilrt t' -\.5irsc ilttlittc \e('tttl(lllt'(' .l.tt sitt t' ( lliltel'llill:i
.l).1'rirt L,rtrt tlirt t't'u(liil( (lr uuti jrtt tt,ltrttttt oltlittt'trtttlil-ltrttltittrtil-tttttittti:
l.(ll1 ('ll, (ll, (lr(ll, \ll, )
l.(ilr (ll, (o(lr(11., \ll, )
,\.( llr ( ll, ( ll () r( llt \ll, )

l.((llr (ll. (()).(),(lli \ll, )

-t.i.l'rt':.itttii (l(t'ttrttti nt:l)tt'lir iltttttli ltt ttlttrrtttl (l( tt..t)l:

I rrrr,lillrnrirrr lrr pll=t9 l.ciirrrrrr':r rlr rrrctil .).\.\,progriorril lrerrzil-itrtilirlit
Lrrrti rr t it tlc rltrrrt:l il t'l tl ltrrtrrtt itt
).1. ( rt t i rt i t t \ I r t I t t rii I t! u ii I t t t'i i t tt rrl i t r tt I i vt' :
r 1
t t t

l.r,lrrIril,1 (l(, l(,lr':l|trclil:rrrrrrrrirr ].clrrrril ir (l(' l)('rlz('rltliltztlltitt J.cltlt'ttt'a de lcnil itlllollitl

l,sull:tl ul rtcitl tlr.' itrtilirrit
.).i. l' r't :.i r t t ii t. (t r tt L' I L' r tt t' i tI t t t r r r
1t t r 1 i i :
Lrrillorrrt.liur l.tlirnt,trlsrrll:rtrrl ,l.irrrrrrl rit'(ctrlrrttctilittttottitt .l.clrtrtrri"t tle rrlctil llttlttttitl
) (t..\' rt tr I rt I i rrt tt i i (( t t't' t I ( :
r
1

.l.t olrrrlr1{ii irzttrt i irtt ('tt strll( ltltil rlt: ltltzii tttt ltztttle t'ir irt (.'\r'-N*'N-r\r')
l.ilrr.rrr ilt,rlt,itt'Ctttlt:tzttttitt ttttll irtlCr'rltt'tliltri itl olrlrrtcreit It'rrolil0t'
.l'..\rrrIt r) t'r't l L' rt fi rt t t tt ( i i I t,'
l.gr rrp:l r':r \O. ('\lt () llt ttl)lltt't't tttttltllttit
l,r:t;rrr ilt,rlr, t.tttlt:tzttttitt tj:ttt I ellCliC tit'r'tllllilr't'ctl ltt'ttlttl rltlicilir'
:tr
.\.gr'rr ;r:rr't'r N l l. lr rt' t ol tlt' ;lt tr Jt:t t't' iltl tlrr't tttlti

i rr \.\-tl irrrt'l rlltrrilirrit

),\. l;.rtttrl tlirt cotttlttt.yii tttrrirrit'i \( l)()(tt( rlttarntitttt ('tttttittttit'l)titt:
I Iir111rr.t.tr :rlllrsllrrlpi rlg lle llirr l.lolruitlcrt colot,t tllil{)t il;/.oici cll I'e ilr(i\ rrl (llicss
.\.rtirr. lilr r.y Il\()1 .l.corrrlrrrsti:r ('onrl)lllilr)l'1i lirlrrtitlt'ir N1
-)t). ll r f t t rIrt r I tt tt t t i I i t t it \tt tt I (' r/t'I
() ( rt fi rr r rrt 1i i I t :
l.1t0itlt'li tteJtlirsittlt tlitt r:ttt'lt r:t tlt't':tlIt'lrirlr'rrrizri irlc:rlirli
Lr (:lcliotlr'il/l'l r'tt lrt lrttltll t^tt :tllrt'lt1:l flllltliu illttt tllrri '\l( l,
.i,rritr lrr t.:r lrrrilinr.l se llttc rlrr;li lll ritcjitt t'lt ltct'slci:t 1lIirl :tcilllt't'
.l.rrrlrsti(rrerrlii r'esllirrgatoli rll t'lcelr'oni Ilrit est l)ilT.iritilltit ltttilitrt'i
i (1..\'t' I 1trtI i r t o.ri I rt :
1trt

l.rrlcoolii gir'lrtrr l.ltrrilirl:l J.rcizii glirli l.rrlt:lriIlerrolii

(l

rrrllrrr rt ('\ll tltr ltll('tll (l('\llitlllrl:lrtl

.\ \rrrirri,lt,pr.czirrlli 11 (,:1'lt(lr,r lr:rzit rlt'o:rrr'(r'lllottlltl tlt':tzot (iill lllllill('('sle llil)l'l(lir:lt \J) '

ltt' i0ttit.
rrrt r':r r':tt
i. \rrrirrt,lL.tct liil(, 11 \(':t('il('ltl.;i, rlt'rr:rrlt'r'tlu l)l'rzitlti-t elr.t:tltttli llcl)rll'ticil)illlli'

(:rr:r( l( r'uI llilzic ecl tttiti Jtt ottttrt1:tl.

'l'est amine 2013
CS
l.Se da schema de reactie:
CnH, NH, r A rC.,H. NH CO CH. r CH, COOH
Cornpusul A este:
A.acetaldehida B.acidLrl benzoic C.butanona D.clorLrra de acetil
E.anh idrida aceticd
2.Un amestec echirrolecular de arrine izornere cu florrnula rloleculard CrHeN se trateazZi cLr CHrCI in
exces. NurnirLrl de nroli de CHr-Cll corrsuma(i in reactie este:
A.4 8.6 c.8 D.9 E. r0
3.Ce masd de p-toluidind se obtine daci se fblosesc 0.04 rroli beuzen, iar randarnentul global al
reactiilor este 750%:
4.3,21 g 8.7,42 g C.4,ll g D.8,22 g E.5..i2 g
4.Ordinea crescitoare a bazicitalii conrpLr;ilor: anilind - 1. p-toluidina -2. p-nitroanilina
cicloherilamind-4 este:
A.l. 2. 3, 4 B.3. r. 2.4 c.4.l. 2. D. .1. 2. l. 4 I
E.4. 2, t. 3
5.Se dd scherna:
Ai2Cl , "'rB *,lKC\ v1- -rllr ; p
Stiind c[ A este o hidrocarburd arornaticd n.rononucleard cu 91J% carbon. D va fi:
A. 1 -fen il- 1 ,3 -d iam inopropan I -flen inopropan C.2-fen il- I ,3 -d ianr inopropan
il- I .2-d iarn
D.2-f'enil- 1 ,2-diaminopropan E.o-aminometilen-benzilamind

C'G
6.Se pot cupla cu sirr-rrile de diazonir,r:
l.naftalina 2.8-nafioltrl 3.antracenul 4.acidr-rl sr-rlfanilic
7.in lesatura cu structura chinricd reprezentatd rnai-ios. sunt atlevdrate afilrna(iile:
// \\\-r-N\
N,ru,S'{' / \ /crr'
\ '/ /-t,. ( Ir.
1.se obtine din acidul sLrlfanilic printr-o reactie de diazotare 9i una de cLrplare
2.igi schirnbl structura qi culoarea in firnc!ie cle caracterul acido-bazic al solLrtiei in care se af'li
3.contiue o grulpare crornofbrS gi una solLrbilizantir
,1.este un produs cle condensare crotonicd
S.Srrnt corecte aflrnrati i le:
l.grupa arlino pcate fi introdusd in molecula r.netanului prin arnonoxidare
2.o arnind tertiarl are trei grLrpari arnino in rnoleculS
3.lonnLrlei nrolecLrlare C{H1N ii corespund 4 anrine secundare izonrere
4.polaritatea Iegaturilor C-l'l gi C-N din molet:ula anrinelor satllrate este rrrai rrici decdt polaritatea
O-tl din alcooli
legatLrrilor C-O gi
9. Dintre reactiile de nrai -jos. constituie pentrLr arnirre atat nretode de oblinere c6t gi proprietate
ch inr icd:
l.alchilarea cLr R-X 2.acilarea cLr (CIlr-C'()),O 3.etoxilarea 4.d iazotarea
l0.Care dintre reactiile de nrai jos sLrnt teoretic positrile:
l.(cHr),NHlC--l I NHr >(CH.,)rNH i NIIICI
2.Cl(,11. NIIr('l -CI Ir r-11., +(i,,ll. -Nll., r-CII, - NII,CI

t.cl Ir NIIiC'l r Nil., >CIIr NII, I NIllcl

J.(CllI.),NIII('l- r NaOI I >(CII,),\ll I NaCI r, IIOII
 I I itl roca rbu ri a romaticc
('s
I l'r'rttlrtsttl t ru('ltci Llc rt.tiLltrrt' u lt'tt Lrlitttti lLt .j00'(' itt
I)t (-ctt|(t I "(). c.r/r'.' I l.('rili i:ttrrtari ctr .fitrtrttrlu ('tHt. tlutr 1tt'itt ntonotl()rulLn't'
i\.acidul nlalonic tl.acidLrl lirrrraric ('.acidrrl rrralcic t tttttIitit it trtt .titt,qtrr tlarivttI tnttttttcIttt'ttt'trl.
I).anlr iclrrla o-Iia ica [:..arrlr itlricla lna le icii I A.() tl.l (1.2 D.l Lr .l

Itt lrttlitr-t L'tr ('l I t ('l irt 1tt'Lt'. t'tr1tt ll('l t ttrrltirlri frtrtttcLt it ttrr tfi t I i it
rt r tt
1tt
t I t'.t i.: I tt.
titt?trr t rtnt1ttr.s ttIt ltiIttI c.vtt. ;\ .i Il (r ('7 I) ti I:.10
A.acirl o-lritlo benzoic [i.acirl p-rritnr lrcrrzoic ('.rrr- I 6.,\'trnttit'trl tlc i-r,trrt,r'i t'tr fitt-rttrrlu ( ,1/ ,. ctrrL (ltnt ltntl
rlirrilr'oberrzerr I).o-rlirritlobcrrzcrr l:..p-clirrillobcrrzcrr utottotlorttrttrt' t.'ttlulilit ti Joi tlcrirtli tttttttot.lorttt ,rli :rrttt
i .\'t,rtilrt:tr..ti .)9 ,q hut:t'rt. r'rttrtltrtrrt'rttttl rt trt'lici liintl tlr',\0'1,. 4.0 U.l (l I l) I tr .l
( (tttil(tt(tt tlL'ttitt'oht'n-t'rr Llt ltttt'iltrlt'(),\'.11, olt1itrtrt,i...ttt.'. 1
".('eu rtrtri Ltt .fitrrttulu hrtttir (('l ll r'( l)t't'-ittt,t
.:irttpli dr(tti
A,10.-l !. l] i0.-l g ('5i.,1 !r l).ll.l g. F 61.5 u i-otttcrit: ,qaontatrit'ti L'()nlinc utt ttttrtttit' tlc ulrtrtti (lL' ( ttrl)t)]t
l.('ttrt'tlirttt't:.\ttl).\'lLutlrl( tlt ttttti ftt.: tt'rtilrt'tt. tnLu tt.\t)t'. L-t L'tr .s'inrt Irii' IricrtrrttIi t'guI L tr.
A.acid bcrrzoic I]. lcnol ('. be nzcrr I). A 7 Il 8 (1.9 D. l0 F.. ll
.l
benzaltlclriclii Ir. olrrcn /,!.1'-.rlc t r.trt'L lti tlr'.s1tt'Lt ()--\'iIIn ufirtrrtt1itr:
I l:ttrrttrrlt:i utolct'ttlurtt (' lltO ii t'ort'.tltrrtttl tur ututtirr' ,lt' A.alc iresalrrrirrea ecllivalcntal I ll.are Lrrr r-arlicll rrrclil :i
i:ttrttt,r'i ('tt nttLlau ht,rt. t'ttit. t:gttl t'tr: un [aclical etil ('.arc doi (] cLlaternari
Al IlI (1..) t)6 l:l I) are to{i atorrriicle (i lribriilizali sp'
(t..!rtrrsttttrl tlt ctilltcn:L'rt 1i ttlrttlirtir trlltrlt' irt t(tl)ott tltoltu' Ir.prezit)tli iztttttcri gcoltlettici

t'( )lt.\ u il1 (tl t \'( t f i. ,\.ctena li.ptopcrta (1.l-ltLrterta I) I lrrrlcrrl

.{():ll ll. l:10 (1 9:ll l).(r:-i 1...1 :ll L.c ic Iopr-opalr

ittilitrl t rltlittr. () nt(t.\tt t.lr, ttttl/trlirtir r'ettli r'tr

.lntt.'.slt,t'trl sLl[)st it ul ic
ll g. 13. 12.2 g ('. I 1.8 s l) I l.()15 -Ll t' I 5 g
A. I).pcrttrLr a ll at'otratic Lln sistcrt) ttcbuic sii cttrtlirt,r uuttirr. lrt.
,\.\'r,Vr/rrrl o.t'iLlirii (tt (tL't'iil l)t't-t'il(tt t,ttttli:trtrt|ilttr lir tteittttetttlttlt

tlotrit ltrotttlt:t'rtt't't,.sitti o (.(utlil(tll ttttri tttit'ti tlc uu.' Jtl ClllJ!tul r.tt'otttlttic
A.rrricilrrca nalialirrci lri.oxitlarca o-rilcrrrrlrri (l.unrbele lrr.la naliulinri distanlele C-(' sunt egale cir 1i irt trrzrrl
l)r'occsc ncccsitii aceeaSi cantilatc dc acr l).0-rilcnLrl rrrr se lrcrtzcnrrlrri
oriilclzii in irccste corrrlilii
[ .rralialirrir rrrr sc oxiclcazri in accslc corrrlilii (_(;

1. 1 .1 ,4 t ontltu.\ nton()l)t'otnut'(tl ( u I'(tnldtnt'ntul ,\0'1',. .lt't'tttt l. bcnzcrrLrl l. acirlLrl o-nretil [rerrzrtic ]. bcnzrtitlrrl ,i.
s tr
1
t tr : ii ltrt tnt tr t' it r i i t,.: l t'. rrctil .i.nalialinu.
I
:. izopropi lbcnzenLrl ttt irl ItitIrrtt',rrlttrt tIt.
I ).(
l'..s t t: u t I t' r it t' tt I t-t t t I i t' t t ttt 1 it t l.stiren l.propil be rrzcn l.tolrren .l o-:.rlcl

lrerrzcnLrlrri cu clorula rlc izopnrltil sc lirrrtteitzit izopropil LulLrli:ulot'tlc l'.(),ltr I l"tt..

benzcnLrl (l.sLrllbrrarea rrr-crrelt)r' se 1'ltce cLr anrcstec l.o-rile rrulrri -l.tctralirrei l.rralialirre i ,l.o-dictiltrcrrztrrulrrr

trrlilic L.be'nze rrrrl stc sullstlrrr(i"l solitir'i carc srrblintcuzli e l .bcrrzcnulLricu alcool izoprolriiic
I I Otitltrt't,tr l) /t't'l hutilt()ltrcttrrlrri torrtlttt't ltr. -1. bcrrz,eni cLr c l()r'Llnl rlc izoprop i
tr I rr I

A.ucitl izolialic Ii.lcid p-acctilbcrrzoic ('.acitl p ter'{ Lbcrrzentrlrri clr l)r'ollenu irr rlediu acid
[rLrtilbenzoic l).11 rrrctil lcct()1'crronri I ac itj l) .l .lrcnzcttLrlrti cr.r
l)r-ol)clla ilr ltlczcrt{lt dc,'\l('lr tttrlritli-lr.
rl cto r ibc rrzo ic l.j. ^trr r;r.tr['rl:-: ti rt t t rt t tt i t tt t t.r i gt' rt t It () Ic L uI tt t'.
l .'.('trrc tlirttrt ltulrtgartrrrilc tlL: trlt'ltil a.slt r((t tttttt / r rrt'l1t'r'ri l.bcnzett 2.tctralirrii .l.rralialirra'l.etilltcttzcrt
irr rt,rt liLr l rictlcI-('t'ttli.s.' )(t.('urc tlirr rrrtrtiitout t:la rt:ut;lii st(ttl t'c(tL'lii l:rit',lt'l ('r'trl/:
A.clonrra tlc propil l].clorrrra tic izopropil C.clorrrt'a dc l.bcrrzettrpr'openti 2.betrzett.clorLtridc proIiorrii
trri-brrtil I).clolrrnr tie ctil L,clorrrla de rrrctil .l.xilerr, arrlriclrida acetica
I -l \trntitt ttl nttt-rirrt tlt' t'ttrltotti t'u(tlt't'n(u i l)r ('(tt ( l l)()(tlL' l.. ielt,ltr'rlur iztrhltlr'tlt
i rt,(t () (illnit til fott)ntl(t tttttlt't'ttltttti (' ,ll1' t.:lt'.
\ _l ll.r (" I I).t I .6

A- .t,l ,'5
 -..1
)-.('ttIa Llittlr'r' ,tlirtttttliilt' tle.sltt'L .ftattdttlt (tt .\tttll (-ot'rL'l('. -) li t' rtt tt1 i i ( ()re L' I a .t It ttl.
l .nrolccLtla cortliltc 1'l electrorli r l.pentrLr ardct'ca a I g de be ttzetl sttttt necesat'i 10.76 I llcr'
2.con1ine tlci nuclec izolatc (c.n. acru arc 10t'oorirlerr)
l.delocalizurca elcctr-ortilot'ntt cstc pertccta ca la llctlzclt l.lil oridarea butilberrzcrrultri cLr KMrrOr ' Il'S()r tczttltrt
.l.cstc o lr idt ocarbLrt'it tlcsattlt'atal. ',.j,1 :i ltcitl Itopitttlit'
[r.'1171rie

),\. 1 ttt r' rtt'.t t tr l. t

I.cortcentra{ ia tttolarit a et i l betlzcrr Lt l rr i irrtr-trrt attlesl cc,-lc
l.se orirleazri nrai :trett clccat rralialirra bertzett gi etilbcrrzen. cc colltilre lJ.(r90'o Il. estc 50",,
.l.substanla [] dirr schcrrra:ciclollercni - Cl, (-500"(l)-) A
l.a|e citutclct' arolttatic rlrrri PtrIirl l)l'()l]tllllllt cl betlzcttltl
i.distan{ele C -(- strrlt egalc 'l.se utilizeazii irr irtdLrstrra : A-bettzett) tl-H(ll estc i-ciclohexilbcttzerrLrl
co loratrl ilor. J,t.Srr11 (;()t cL l a ulirrtt uI i iI c :
) 9.St, Itt tl r'I rtrttru IitI ttc lr irtt it. ;
I.arrhidricla ttalicil se fbloseSte la oblillcrea t'erloIlialcinci
l.tolLrcrrLrl 2.o-rilerrLrl i.berrzerrtrl 'l.ciclollerarrtrl 2.plirr oridalea tolLrcltLtlui ctl aer ill prczell(a catalizatorilor'
-)() l)t't'it ttlii ltulttgt'tttrli ('i.t l)ot .li t'(dL't(tt1li irt ratcliu tlc se oblinc acid bcrrzoic
tr l r' ItiI urc ut'ott I ttl iL ti .\ tt tt 1..
l.rraliaIirra cste firlosita ca insecticicl
Ir:lolrrrlrdeulil .l.clot'bcttzcrt l.clorrrra rlc ircrrzil -l .la ositlare a rralialirre i e tr (l ' \',O. lr li0'(' se lirt'trrcllzli

l.c lorrrra dc r in il acidrrlo Iiiilic

t t d I tt y i t u I (
()..\'
i l . l'rrtltritlirltla ltur-ttttrltri ( (tt ( L()ttfit ttt(t .\'lt'tt('lttt'(t Kt'ktrlc -l t t t ( t r
fir rt t,r 1
i i I t: :
l. NIl, cste slrbstitucnt de ordinul II
l.rapoltLrl atorrric (l:l I este l: I l. O estc sLrLrstittrettt de orclilrtrl I
2.lLrrrlrirrre a legitLrrilor diirtre 2 atotrri cle cat'llort r r:clrri l.Arttt'acerrLrl sc oxicleazi cLt [licl'tlrllat clc potlrsiLr itt tttetlitt
a|c r aloat'ca clc I .19 A de acid ucetic
.l.Arerrclc politrLrclcal-c stlttt solidc.
.l irr corrdilii crtcrgicc. la tclt)pcr.attrra dc l7()- 100"(1. irr
l)rcrcnla dc Ni. rrrr trtol ile ltcttzctt atliliorrclrzh l rlloli tle
lr iilr'ollcn
( l:
.l.cristcrr{a l .l izorrrcri distrbstittr i1i ai [lctlzettLtltr i
.ll.Nirltulinu sc oritlcllzi la tcll)pcl-atLll-l rllai .ioasc tlclit
.i)..1t t:IttIcttttttd .\| I)()LtIL' ttb1int' 1tt irt. bcnzcrrLrl. rleoarccc are proprietatell de a sLrblirrra
l.acilalca bertzettLtlLti ctr clof[tra tlc acctil 2.p in .lr.l'r.ilt Iriclntgerrarea totalal a nafialirrei sc obtinc tctrlrlirrri-
r)\i(larca izopropil ltcttzcttr-tl rr i (lr'()ilIeL\'t]itlilrlittlr i.llc tlll (ill'eelel illt)llliltic ltllti 1lt,'tttttrl,tl
3.prin adilia allei la lerrilacetilenri l.prin decit bcnzerrLrl.

rrrirlar.ca blinda a u-lcrri lctarroltrltri.

.ll.ln ur-rrra oxicllirii CalalitiCc a ltcrtzeltLtltri rezLrlti"r tlll lllllcslcc
i.l.('trt'a tlirttt'c tltlalL' cxl)(t'ittt(ttttrlc tla ttt(tt lt''; t rrr itt cclrirrrolectrlar dc acid lllillcic 5i aciil fi.rttlaric tlcolircct
tt t I rtr LI i t. 1 i t' t eu f tL' r t-t' rrtr I rt i.' nro lccLrla bettz,crtttl rr i cstc plallal
t t t tr fitr trt tr I K t' k tr I
,1.1.[]errzerrrrt t)tt At-c carllctet'llcsiltllrat cleoat'cce cci (r elcctrorli
l.r'aportrrl tlc I: I tlintlc carbort 5i hidroScrr 2.poziliile I-2
l.i srrnt ccltiralcrrte irttt'c clc ;i sr.lnt corltollili irr orltitali lltolcctllari cottttttti.
5i
l.bcnzcnrrl poate li lridrogcrrat llt ciclolrcxarr .15.[]alaxilenul tttr litrtttcaza la oxidare o arrlridritlii tlatoritli
.l.bcrtzettrtl cstc stal)il litli dc au.err{ii tlc tlridlrrc ai ef'cctLrlrri stcric.
a lcltcn c lor
.l(r.lrr reac{ia dc ulcltilare. attlcstectrl lirlirl corrlirlc;i pltltlrrli
I l.('trltrli-rrlttt'trl t'tttt(ici LIL trt'iltrrc l'r'ittlt:l ('rttfl.: t:lt'. polialcltilali dettttt'ecc cotttpttsLtl rlttltloltlcltilat rcltcIiotlcltzli
i .clorLrta i.lc alLrrtrirtiLt cLt Ltt'ttte de apit rnai rt5or ctl llllcllttll de alclrilalc collll)alatl\ ctt sttllstriltLtl
l. acitlLrl srrllirric lulorrratic inilial.
.l .rciclLrl lirslbric
,lT.SLrbstitucrrlii cal'e clczactircaza llucletll al'olllitlic ltl
l.c lorrrra dc alLrrrt ittitr arlllidral naftalinc'i. ot'icrtteazil itltt'otlttcet'ea ccltri de-lrl tltrilclt
substitLrcnt irr pozilia u clirl ilrelul rrcsLrbstitLrit llctltrLr cri 1i
l.\ .\'It'tt(Iut
Lt rt,ttIti Lt hctt:ertrrItti 1trt't'tIc. sLlbstitucnlii cal'c activcaz,l I)Llcletll cliriiaza lrl tlirilcir
Llirr-ntarea LrrrLri orbital tttolccLtlat' e\til)s. coltltlll cclol' 6 sLrl^lstitLrcnt in pozilia ct. clirl cel clc-al tloilca cicltr
atonri tic calborr dirr rrrolcculit rrcs Lrbst it Lrit.
l.cclrivalcrr{a ce lor 6 lcgirttrri (l-(l dirr lllolcculai .lli.Clolurarea lbtoclrilrricn a tolLrellLtltri al'c loc la clttcttrt
i e\istcrr(a Lrnor legaturi C-C lirIrrratc clirrtr-o lcg,iittrr.n o 1i latcrala. cleoare clorttrat'ea la catclla Iatcr-alai cstc ()
r
-: lcglitLrt'i't ;r sLlbstitulic la rrn raclical provettit tlin alcarl.
. l.plirnaritateil nlolecLrlei. .lg.Molcctrla bcrrzettLtlr.ti estc planal;i clc lirrlrla ttllLti llcrltgorl
I 6..\rr ttI tt( I(\' Lit (tI ( u Ii t' rtt Lr ( iiIa : resLtlat. tlcoat.e ce atornii clc carbort strrrt llibriilizil{i s1l'.

I.irr nuliulinit (llstantelc ('-(- sttrlt csalc

2.plirr nilrar.ca nafiulirrei s. ob(irlc []-rritlorrlrlilrlirrli
i.prin r.cac(ili Irutialirrci ctr I rrtoli ile lridroglerr se olllittc
riecitlirrr.
.l.rralialina sc oxicleazir la tet)tpel'atLll'a ridicatli ctl rLll)erca
irrrrrirr dirrtrc ciclrrri .
 alirmafiile, cu exccp{ia (mase ntontice: C-12'
Il-l'
O-l(r, I-127):
i\cizi q;i tlcrivafi ai acizilor A. prin saponiticare contlucc la glicert-rl' palnritat
dc

sociiu 9i olcat dc sodiu in rrport molar

1:l:2
CS B. consuml Ia hidroliz:r bnzicti 3 rrtoli de
KOIl/nrol
l.Se dit schcnta: 2 moli dc hidrogen /nrol
C. consuml la hidr<lgenzrrc
('
1'^11,-:!:!//('\('i) )A l")
!hvl-ll( l)
>R I). cste o trigliccridi mixti
., t ':t'-t" \tt.t li. este olcrdiPirlnlitina
(. ) l) >f
l0.l)in ti900 g trigliccridir cc confinc un singur acitl
compusul Ii tlin schenr:i este: gras saturat, sc oblin prin hiclrrlliz'it acidii' cu trn
A.acid hidroxi ProPionic B.acid
11=97,82"1r,900 g gliccrinri' Acidul gras cste:
succinic C.ncid glutaric D.acid rrralonic
A.palmitic tl.oicic C'octanoic D'decanoic
I,l.acid ceto ProPionic [.stearic
2.Surct de magneziu a unui acid nlonocarboxilic I LCAli tlintrc compugii izttme ri cu lirrntula
saturat con{irte 21,25"1' Mg (Mr1s=24'3)'Acitlul moleculari CrIIroO au caracter ncutru?
rcspcctive eslc:
D.proprrnoic A'l I]'1. .C'3 l]-1,..::'
l"rrr'rL 12.Carc
A.lbrmic I].butiric C.pentanoic dintre cornpu;ii de mai ios cstc
Ii.acetic bioclegradabil?
3.ln ;irtrl de rcac(ii: A.Cflr-(CI Ir) u-CI{z-SOrNa
B.CHr-(CHz)n-CIIz-CcI lr-SOrNrt
A tt(tN Lltl:SO:r
/\ "-ll2o- (-2ilt9/llO- CFt2 =C(CHl)-COolt
-NIl.l c.R-cH2-O-(CH2-CII2-o) r0-cII?-C [12-otl
I).CI lr-(cH2) I 2-c I{2-N*(CrIr)r I Cl-
contpusul A cstc: Ii.c I Ir-(cHz)r-cI{z-oSorlI
A.piollanol l].2 clor propanol Cl'rrcctonit l3.oxitlar.eaacroleincilaacitlrrcrilicstllltlatel'acc
D.irce taldchidir li.propinir ctr:
B'KMno/l{rsol
{,carc tlintrc alirnrnfiilc de rnai jos este corcctir? A'Kzcrzor/H2so{
I)' KMnor/llzo
A',cidul lbrmic a'c acitlitatl mai micir dccit c'ag(Nu')'on
rrcitlul benzoic E' KMnOr/Na:COr
li.l.cnolul arc rrciditate m:ri nricir dccit Il2cor l,l.Sunt dcrivafi frrncfionali :ri acizilor crrrhoxilici
C.acetilcna scoatc mctanolul tlin sitrurilc
sale urrtliltorii conlpulli, cu exccpfia:
l).benzonitril,l sc o5{inc prin reaclil A.CIIT-Co(lCrtIn Il' C6ll'-C0C Itt'rt1r :
clorbenz.enului cu KCN C'CII;:CI'I-C=N D'I[-CONI{2 ' '

E.nretanolul reacfioneazir cu NaOl{ ['C6II(-CO-CII]

5.tJrr rrronoestcr atifirtic satur:rt cu raportul
tlc nrirsi lS'Este o reacfic posibilir:
C:I'I:O:6:1:.lprcz-irrtIunnumiirclcizomcritlctipA.bcnzensulfonatdcNa+II2()_>
estcr: l].oxalat de Na + acid scctic ->
r\'J Il'3 C'2 D'5 I'l'(r C'sulf,t acid tte anilinir + N.ol"l -)
(r.Nitrilul acirtului crotonic itrc ncs:lturilrca: D.fenoxicl tle s,diu + H21;t -)
A..2 I].3 C.1 D.5 E'l [,.forrniat clc sotliu + IICN
7.Sc obline propionat tle propil prin rertc{irt tl: l6.Sunt corcctc alirr,a(iile tlc mai jos>> cu excc,{ia:
estcrificare 1 acidului propionic cu propxnol' A. Grupl funcfionalir -COO-tlin structura
Ilcli'ritor la aceast:i rcacfic cste corectii afirnra{ia: sipunuriior reprezintl por(iunea hidrolilir
A. cstc o rcaclie ireversibili B. Surfactantii sunt nrolcculc cilre iltl lltl
I]. elinrinarea apcise face intrc grupa hitlroxil ,, cilrircte r du5lu liind dcopotrivir si
hidrol'obe $i
propanolului gi atomul tlc hittrogen din grupa hittrofilc C. palnritatrrl tle

car5oxil a ircidului propionic potasiu cste un s:ipun solid

Cl. este o reaclie de snponilic:tre. b. S:irurilc de arnoniu cuatcrnar al unor
D. llrodusul frincipal tlc reacfie cste un triglicerid llchilarninc sunt detergcnli catirlnici
sinrplu E. Sirrurilc tle sotliu alc sullatilor ttcizi tlc alclril
I'1. t'.antitatea de propionat tlc propil din amcstccul sunt dctcrgenli anionici
rle reacfie cre$te l:r :idlugarca unui cxces tle
lil
l.7.C,are clintrc dcrivrfii carboxilici lbrnterrzit
llropnnol --,
^,,,r rlrl
hitlrolizir:rcetaldehitlir:
tlc
{l.O cantitate tle 20 g grirsinrc sc saponilic:i cu 200 A.anlridrirta aceticl l}.acetamitltr C.acetat
srlufie I(Og ii,S N. Ilxccsul de KOII sc ctil D,acetat dc vinil E.acctonitril
neutrulizcaz:i cu l0 g I'lCl 14,6 "lr. Indicele de f a.U,, detcrgent alchil-nrilstrllbnic
ce conlinc l0 'Z' S
saponilicare al grirsinrii (mg KOll/ g de
grirsintc) are un nunrrir de atomi tlc crrrtron tle:
cslo: A.l3 I].14 C.15 D'16 [i'l'7
A.193,5 It.168 C.269,7 D.385 f:'19?:4 19.19,4g copolinrcr oblinut clin butadic"";t;)::::::
 eslc ral)ortul molar de copolime rizarc 33.Obfincrca acizilor carboxilici implicri forrnarea
: butarlieneri:acctat de vinil :
in terrned inrilor:
A.l:l Il.l:2 C.2:2 D.2:l Ii.l:,1 l.amidc la hidroliza totalii a nitrililor
2 0. Conr pu;ii halogena Ii a ro ma(ici izont cri cu 2.rrldchide la oxitlarea energica a alctrenclor
lbrnrula rrrolecularii CrIIrCl care fornrcazii acizi 3.trioli gerninali la hidroliza derivalilor.
clorbenzoici prin oxitlarc cu K2Cr2O7/I{2S01 sunt trihalogcn:r[i geminali
in nunr:ir de : 4.pcracizi la oxidarea alcanilor superiori
A.l t|.2 c.J D.4 8.5 34.RezultI aceia$i cantitate de CO2 ln:
C(; 1.l'ermcntafia a 0,5 moli dc glucozl 2.la oxittrrrcrr
2l.Anhirlrirla I'talicir se obtine prin oxitlar.ea cu 02 pe a 2 rnoli nnftalinril:r anhidridi Italicir
run calalizat<lr cle V2C). la Alo a: 3.lir oxidarea unui mol tte acid tbrntic cu KMnO./
l.o-xilenului 2.tclratinci 3.naftaliuci I{2SOJ
-l.o-rliet ilbcnze n u lu i 4.la oxidarea unui rnol dc bcnzen ta anhitlr.irlri
22.Se l'orlrrcazii nurnai C02 r;i II2O prin oxidarea cu maleicl.
KNInOI i;i acid sul[uric a: 35.Sunt stabili in condi(ii normale cornJru;;ii:
l.etcnci 2.acidului fornric 3.aciclului oxalic I .2-hid roxipropena 2.cianatul dc anroniu
.l.ac rolcine i
3.acidul c:rrbamic,4.urcca
23.Sc o b(ine acirl s uccinic prin: 36.Au loc nunrai in rncttiu ncicl reacfiile:
l.oxitlarea ciclobutenei cu KMnC)1 iii acid sul['ur.ic l.deshidrntlrea alcoolilor 2.lirrnr:rreir
2.hidrugcnarca acirlului rrralcic noyol:rcului S.esterilicarea acizitor
J.oxitlrrrea cu K2Cr2Or/l-llSOr a 1,5 lrexarlierrei 4.oxitla rea :rlchenclor
.l.oxidurcn cncrgicir I 1,4 butlntliolului
37.Au acelagi confinut procentual de azol:
2-l.Se llol uutuoxida: l.nitratul de etil 2.nitroetanul 3.azotatul rle
l.arrilina 2.grlsirnile nosaturatc ctilanroniu 4.nitritul de etil
J.bcnzalrlehida 4.acirlulstearic 38.Rezultri compugi organici cu structurir ionicir irr
2 5.S u rr t arlcvii rate u rlnirloa relc a Ii rnr a ii :
I reuclia NaOII cu:
l.sripunul de Nu este solid l.acid I'<rrnric 2.hidrochinonir 3.i'e rrol
2.s:illunul de C.a este hidrosolubil 4.etanol
J.sripunurilc con(in in structurl o parte hidrofobri CI
1;i o partc hitlrolllri l.[sterrii au puncte de lierbe re infe rioare acizilor ;i
{.s:ipunul tle nragneziu este Iichitl nlcoolilor din care provin, tlcoirrcce moleculelc
2 6. I)ct ergenl ii:
estcrilor nu sunt asociilte prin legrituri tlc
Lau capucitatea rlc cnrulsionarc 2.cterrii hitlrogen.
polietoxila{i sunl tlc(crgcnfi neiorrici 2.Acidul tereltalic nu poatc lilrrnl anhidridri
J.nrorlilicri tcnsiunca supcrliciaLi a licltidclor deoarece gruplrile -COOH sunt asociate prirr
"l.sunt colnpu;i organici de sintezji legrituri dc lrid rogcn intrarnoleculare
27.(llre tlintre acizii carboxilici I'orrtreaz:'i anhitlride J.Acidul Ibrnric prezint:i caracter retluci-rtor,
ciclice ll irrcirlzi re; deoarcce cu KMnO.1 in prezenfri tlc I-I2SO1 sc
l.oxalic 2.o- I'talic J. terellalic lbrnreaz:i CO2 gi I{2O
J. rrr a leic ,l.llcacfi:r de csterificare dintrc cloruiru dc benzoil
2lJ.Cllre dinlrc conrpu;i reaclioncuzri cu clorura de
;i
I'enoxidul rle sodiu este o reac{ic reversibilir,
acctil: rleoartrcc tlin rclclie rezult:i un ester ;i o sare
I . benzen u I 2.nnilina J.nre toxitl u I de sorl iu rrr 5.Ureca este diamida acidului carbonic, rlcuarecc sc
-l.l'cnoluI obf ine prin incilzirea cianatului de antoniu
29.Acitl ul forrnic Jloate rcncf ionit cu: 6,Nitrilii au cilractcr b:rzic, tieoarccc atonrul cle ilzot
I .zinc 2.oxid de cnlciu S.hidroxirl clc posedl un dublct clcctr<lnic ncparticipant
po tasi u .l.sullirt acid de sodiunr 7.A,ciz.ii sullbnici sc oblin prin reacfi:r dinlrc urr
J0.,\ cizi i gru;ii p rczi ntri u rnrrito:r rcle ca racteristici : rtlcool gi acidul sulfuric deoarcce in cursul reac(ici
l.rrulrriir rnilre dc atorni rlc carbon C;-C:l se lbrnreazii ut) este r.
2.cate nii liniarri, ltrrir ramilicaf ii 8.Prin hidrogcnarea gr:isimilor lichide sr: olllirr
J.nunrir par de atomi de carbon grrisinti solitle tleoarecc gr:isimile lichide con(in
.l.prezintri o singurri grup,lre carboxil numai resluri de acizi saturaf i.
S l.Sicativurca: 9.Ilcnzr.rnitrilul se obline prin tratarea clorbenze nului
l.estc o propriettte a gr:isirnilor ncsatur:rte cu cianurtr cle potasiu tlconrcce este un nitril
2.se produce sub acliurre:r oxigenului din aer arontatic
J.presupurrc polirncriz-arca lcizilor graq;i l0.Prin hidroliza bazicii a esterilor rezultir alcool:r(i
ncsirturirti {.uleiurilc de in sunt sicativc tlcoarecc :rlcoolul rezultat reacfioneazii cu
J2. I'rezi n tri cil racter red ucitor: catalizatorul bazic
l.acidul lbrnric 2.benzcncurbaltlehirta
J.aciduloxalic 4.:lcirlulglu(aric
 Acizi
Complement Simplu
LManifestl caracter acid :
A.dietil-sulfatul B.benzen-sul[onatul de sodiu C.clorura de dimetil amoniu D.fenoxidul de sodiu E.
etilamina
Z.Care dintre compugii de mai jos conduce prin hidrolizi la obfinerea celui mai tare acid alituri de cea
mai tare bazd?
A.t{ -co - NH - cH2- cH3 B.cH3-cHr-co-NH -cHr C.H - CO- N(CH3)2
D.CH3- CH' - NH -CO-CH2 -CH3 E.CHr- CHz - NH -CO-CHr
3.Un mol de:
CH2: C- CH- CH3
tl
CH3 OH
se oxideazl cu dicromat de potasiu in mediu acid. Sunt necesari:
A.l litru dicromat de potasiu 4M B.2 litri dicromat de potasiu 4M C.4 litri dicromat de potasiu
t/3M
D.3 litri dicromat
de potasiu 2M 8.5 litri dicromat de potasiu l/3 M
,1. I ndica(i reac{ia posibil:i:
AHCN+HCooNa__>HCooH+NfNBC6H5oH+CH3CooNa+CoHsoNa+CH3CooH
C. CH3OH + C6H5ONa ----> CH3ONa + C6H5OH
D. - CH-
[CHt- NH+l+t]I-
|rl r - l-NaOH * - - CH
CFtr
| - HH
t +NaCl . l
Fb CH;r H3C CH:

-
E. COONa
I--
COOH
+ cH?cooH ----> | * cH3cooNa
cooH " cooH
S.Aciditatea (se considerl prima treaptl de ionizare) compugilor de nrai jos scade in ordinea:
A.acid oxalic > acid formic > acid acetic > fenol > acetileni
B.acid lormic > acid acetic > fenol > acid oxalic > acetilenl
C.acetileni > acid oxalic > fenol > acid formic > acid acetic
D.acid acetic > acid formic > acid oxalic > fenol > acetilenl
E.acid oxalic > acid formic > acid acetic > acetilentr > fenol
6.Diena care prin oxidare cu K2Cr2O7 (mediu acid) genereaztr numai acid malonic(propandioic) este:
A.1,3 ciclohexadiena B. 1,3 dimetil-1,3-ciclohexadiena C. 1,4 dimetil-1,3-ciclohexadiena
D.l,,l ciclohexadiena E. 1,5 dimetil-1,3-ciclohexadiena
7.Un acid nronocarboxilic saturat con{ine 48,61u/, carbon. Prin esterificare rezultd un ester care con(ine
31,37'% origen. Esterul este: A.butiratul de metil B. acetatul de propil C.acetatul
de rnetil
D.propionatul de etil E.formiatul de butil
^
8.ln legituri cu acidul formic este incorectl afirma(ia:
A.se obfine prin hidroliza cloroformului in mediul bazic B.acidul formic este mai tare dec6t acidul
benzoic
C.fornreazd clorura de formil la trat:rre cu PCl. D. reac{ioneazl cu NallS
L,.se obf ine prin hidroliza clorurii de metilen in mediu bazic
9.Un acid monocarboxilic con{ine 19,750 O;i are N.E.:6. $tiind ci se obfine prin condensarea crotonici
dintre aldehida benzoicl gi o altl aldehidi alifatici saturatl, urmatl de oxidare cu reactiv'l'ollens,
formula structurall a acidului este:
A %Hs-C:CH-C@H
I

CHS B %Hu CH:CH - CH2- C@H

-
C.C6H5-C:C-COOH D COHS-CH:C-COOH
tll
CH3 CH3 CHa
E COHS-CH:CH-COOH
l0.Acidul monocarboxilic cu caracter reducltor este:
A.adipic B. benzoic C. formic D. oxalic E. Acetic
I l.Formula corectl este:
A.Cll:(COO)uCa B. CH3COOMg C. (CH3 - CH: - COO)2AI D.(COO)zCa E. HCOOMg
l2.Formulele de structurl ale compugitor cu flormula moleculartr CeH1.1O, care precipitl argint cu reactiv
Tollens, iar prin oxidare energicl formeaztr aceton[, acid cetopropionic 9i acid malonic in raport
molar l: I : I sunt in numlr de:
A.l 8.2 D.'l
C.3 E.5
l3.Constanta de echilibru a reac(iei de esterificare dintre aciclul etanoic qi alcoolul etilic este egali cu 4. Care
este numtrrul de moli de etanol introduqi in reac(ie, ptiind cI ini(ial s-au introdus 6 moli de acid acetic iar
la echilibru se gisesc ,l moli ester:
A.3 8.4 C.6 D.1 E.8

l,l.Nu reac{ioneaztr cu hidroxidul de sodiu:

A.acidul a-naftoic B. clorura de dimetilamoniu C. dipalmitostearina D.celuloza E.fructoza
l5.Sunt acizi satura(i cu excep{ia:
A.acid palmitic B.acicl lauric C.acid oleic D. acid stearic E. acid miristic
l6.Aranjajiin ordinea cregteriiaciditi{ii: (l)acid benzoic, (ll) acid metanoic, (lll) acid acetic, (lV)
acid hexanoic:
A.IV<III<I<II B. II<III<IV<I C. III<II<IV<I D. II<IV<I<III E.I<III<IV<II
lT.Sarea de calciu a unui acid monocarboxilic saturat con(ine 25,32o/o calciu. Acidul este:
A.acidul acetic B. acidul butiric C.acidul propionic D.acidul pentanoic E.acidul hexanoic.
18. Prin oxidare cu K2Cr2O7/H2SO{ genereazl compuqi carbonilici:
A.alcoolul terfbutilic B.naftalina C.etena D.orto-xilenul E.antracenul
l9.Este o reac(ie posibili:
A.benzensulfonat de Na + HrO + B.oxalat cle Na + acid acetic --> C.sulfat acid de anilintr +
\aOI'l ->
D.fenoxid cle socliu + HzO -+ E'forrniat de sodiu + HCN ->
20.Hidroliza in mediu bazic a compusului
OCOCHe
I
z/-, \
Irl
(-- -J
Y C@CH3
conduce la:
oH
Ir-
ar\ /,,/ \
oNa

A I tl + CH3-CooNa + CH3-oH B l- ll * cHs-cooNa + cH3-oH

\-)TI \2
A\,
c Ho-l!,,FcooH +CH3-CooNa + CH3-oNa

D Nil< (
,r^\ cH3-
\-7) )- -
cooru, + CooH + CH3 oH

/,-^-'\
E No< ( ) F CoO51s + CH3- CooNa + CH3- oNa
\.",/
CC
2l.Sunt mai acizi decit CH2 (Br) COOH: -
l.HBr; 2. Br-CH2- CH2- CH2- CH2-COOH; 3. acidul oxalic; 4. metanolul.
22.Cloroformul gi clorura de formil au in comun:
l.hibridizarea carbonului
2. hidroliza la acid metanoicl
3.incapacitatea de a participa la reac(ii Friedel-Crafts; 4.natura atomului de carbon.
23.Se ob(ine benzoat de sodiu din acid benzoic ai:
l.cianurl de sodiu; 2.clorurI de sodiu; 3.acetat de sodiu; 4.benzensulfonat de sodiu.
2,l.Cresolatul de sodiu:
l.este mai bazic decdt etanoatul de sodiu; 2.poate reacfiona cu clorura de metil;
3.prin oxidare se transforml in C6H{(OH)COO-Na*; 4.poate produce efervescen{I intr-o solu(ie de

NaFlCO3
25.Sunt dezinfectan(i: l.formolul; 2. crezolul; 3' fenolul; 4'acidul benzoic'
26.in schema:
y *2H2
2x -#* - cHg- cH gH- qH cHz- cHg,

Y este:
tll-
oH cHg cHa
-
l.o anhidridi; 2.o cetonl nesaturati; iar X este: 3.acid butanoic;
4.butanond.
2T.Valenta unei gruplri funcfionale reprezinttr:
l.numirul de radicali hidrocarbonafi legafi la func(ia respectivi;
2.numirulde duble legituri existente in gruparea func(ionall respectivE;
3.numirul de heteroatomi prezen{i in acea grupare;
4.numdrul de atomi de hidrogen pe care grupa [unc{ionall i-a inlocuit la acelagi atom de carbon al unei
h idrocarburi satu rate.
28. Reac(ione azd cu amon iac:
l.acidul benzoic; 2. clorura de fenil amoniu; 3. acidul benzen-sulfonic; 4.acetona.
29.lonul acetat:
l.are structura CH3-CO-; 2. con{ine un dublet de electroni n; 3.este un cation;
4.cu clorura de acetil formeazl anhidrida acetictr.
30.Acidul sulfanilic 9i acidul naftionic (acidul I -amino-,l-naftalinsul[onic):
l.reaclioneazl cu NaOtl; 2.reac(ioneazl cu llCl; 3.au caracter amfoter 4.pot exista sub forrnl de
amfioni.
Sl.liormeazI acid benzoic la oxidarea cu KMnO1 in mediu acid hidrocarburile:
l.stiren; 2.propilbenzen; 3.toluen; 4.o-xilen.
32.Se formeazi numai CO2 gi H2O prin oxidarea cu KMnOa gi H2SOa a:
Letenei; 2. acidului formic; 3. acidului oxalic; 4. acroleinei.
3l.Acidul lactic gi acidul B-hidroxi-propionic sunt:
l.izomeri de catend; 2.acizi mai tari ca fenolul; 3.izomeri de funcfiune; ,l.izomeri de pozi{ie.
J{.Sunt reac(ii cu mirirea catenei:
l.C6H6+ CH::CH - CI13; 2.Cll,:Cll - Cl+ KCN; 3.CHr - CH:O + CH: - CO - CHr;
4.CHrCl+ CH:NHz.
35.Se pot obf ine acizi carboxilici prin hidroliza compugilor:
l.cloroform; 2. clorurl de benziliden 3. x.nzanilidl; ,l.carbid.
36.Un atom de carbon hibridizat sp2 poate fi:
l.ter(iar; 2. nular; 3. secundarq q.cuaternar.
37.Sunt adevlrate despre acidul etandioic afirmafiile:
l.are caracter reductrtor; 2.reac(ioneaztr cu acetilura de sodiu; 3.formeazl siruri cu CaO;
.1. formeazl asoci:r{ii molecu la re.

38.Sunt adevtrrate despre acizii gragi nesatura{i afirmaf iile:

l.intrE in struclura gliceridelor; 2.prezintd catene liniarl; 3.confin numlr par de atomi de carbon;
4.prezintl izomerie cis-trons.
39.La oridarea izoprenului cu K2Cr2O7/H2SO.r se ob(ine:
l.H -COOH + CH:-CO-COOH; 2.2CO2+2 HzO; 3.2CHr-CO-COOH + COz + H2O;
;l.cHr-co-cooH.
,l0.Caracteristici comune acizilor gragi sunt:
l.confin un numdr par de atomi de carbon; 2.au o cateni liniarl; 3.sunt monocarboxilici; 4.sunt
sat u raJ i.

CE
,l2.Acidul acetic este un acid mai tare dec6t acidul clorhidric deoarece legltura O-H se rupe mai greu
decit legltura H-Cl.
:l3.Acidul alfa-hidroxipropionic gi gliceraldehida sunt izomeri de pozi(ie deoarece au aceiaii formulS
molecularl.
-l4.Acidul malonic este izomer geometric cu acidul fumaric deoarece confine in molecula sa doul gruplri
ca rboxil
-l5.Acizii carboxilici sunt mai solubili in apI decdt alcoolii rnonohidroxilici deoarece [ormeazl dimeri gi
legtrturile de hidrogen sunt mai puternice dec6t la alcooli