INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Indoor localization is a vast topic of interest in various engineering fields. Many companies
and universities are examining these issues and developing solution; there are a multitude of
applications for indoor localization, including military, medical, emergency, and logistics.
However, indoor environments create a unique challenge for low-cost locations systems, such
as GPS, because building construction, physical obstacles, and mobile obstructions (people)
interfere with the ability to resolve a location.
Our solution to the indoor localization problem involves using high frequency signals to
determine distances and ultimately determine location. The solution involves multiple nodes
acting as a mesh network, all working together to create a localization system. This network
consists of static nodes that work to locate a mobile participant node.
The system relies on the Zigbee 2.4 Ghz communication protocol, and uses RSSI (Received
Signal Strength Indicator) and TDoA (Time Difference of Arrival) to determine distances.
These distance measurements are then fed through an algorithm to determine location within
the system, and later correlated known GPS locations within the system. The resolved
location data is then be displayed in our user interface application.
Throughout the following document we will define the various components in our design,
and fully illustrate the design and development process. Testing results and lessons learned
will be intimated, as well, to give the reader a thorough understanding of our project.

Deptt. Of CSE, MIET 1

 INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM DEFINITION

The leading technology in positioning, Global Positioning System (GPS), is restricted by

satellite visibility; signal reflections and occlusion reduces or disables a GPS locator's ability
to determine its position. If a soldier or first-responder inside a building that needs assistance,
their position must to known in order to effectively direct assistance to them. Our project
develops a low cost personal localization system for an indoor environment. The building in
question should be at least two stories and represent a modern office building. Both military
and rescue personnel will benefit from this project.

Deptt. Of CSE, MIET 2

 INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM

CHAPTER 3
REQUIREMENTS

Develop a real-time wireless system for localization of multiple dynamic participants in a

multi-floor office building, using IEEE 802.15.4-2003 (Zigbee®), Z-Wave®, or IEEE 802.11
(Wi-Fi®) devices for RF ranging and communication
Transformation from local coordinate system inside the building to the referencing GPS
coordinate system (WGS84)
Support RF localization technique with other technologies, including IMU dead reckoning,
IR ranging, RFID localization, etc.
The design should emphasize minimal cost, power consumption, size, and installation time,
with a target accuracy of approximately 1 meter.

Deptt. Of CSE, MIET 3