Epas Module

Grade 9
GOP – Textbook Funds
Learner’s Material
GOVERNMENT PROPERTY
NOT FOR SALE
ALLOTTED TO
District/ School:
_________________________________________
Division _________________________________________________
First Year of Use:
_________________________________________
Source of Fund (Year
included):__________________________
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
Technology & Livelihood Education– Grade 9
Learner’s Material
First Edition, 2013
ISBN: ___________
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other
things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC
Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, Ph.D.
Assistant Secretary: Lorna Dig-Dino, Ph.D.
Development Team of the Learner’s Material

Consultant: Rosendo R. Rafael, Howard Mark N. Plete and Clodualdo V. Paiton
Authors: Cris F. Diñozo Marvin A. Mendoza
Teacher I/ NC II Master Teacher I/ NC II
Taytay National High School Community Vocational High School
Division of Rizal Division of Calapan City
Editors: Lando T. Guzman

Reviewers: Dr. Orlando E. Manuel, Dr. Fely L. Manuel, Dr. Romeo R. Vicmudo,
Merham N. Abelardo, Arnel C. Anonical, Joel G. Castillo,
Marvin A. Mendoza, and Lino A. Olit
Illustrators:
Subject Specialists: Albert B. Erni, James Julius M. Liquigan, Owen M. Milambiling
Management Team: Jocelyn DR Andaya, Bella O. Mariñas and Jose D. Tuguinayo Jr.
Printed in the Philippines by ____________

Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat
(DepEd-IMCS)
Office Address: 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco
Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600
Telefax: (02) 634-1054, 634-1072
E-mail Address: imcsetd@yahoo.com
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
PECs ……………………………………………………………………………… 5
Environment and Market………………………………………………….. 21
Process and Delivery………………………………………………………… 33
Quarter I
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 33
Pre/Diagnostic LO1 …………………………………………………………….. 33
Information Sheet 1.1 ………………………………………………………….. 35
Self-Check 1.1 …………………………………………………………………… 37
Information Sheet 1.2 …………………………………………………………… 37
Self-Check 1.2 …………………………………………………………………… 42
Self-Check 1.3 …………………………………………………………………… 45
Activity Sheet 1.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 46
Self-Check 1.1 …………………………………………………………………… 48
Activity Sheet 1.2 ……………………………………………………………….. 49
Self-Check 1.2 …………………………………………………………………… 51
Activity 1.3 ………………………………………………………………………. 52
Self-Check 1.3 …………………………………………………………………… 54
Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 58
Activity Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 59
Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 61
Summative Assessment Quarter I ………………………………………….. 62
Quarter II
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 64
Activity Sheet 3.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 65
Self-Check 3.1 …………………………………………………………………… 68
Self-Check 4.1 …………………………………………………………………… 72
Activity Sheet 4.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 72
Self-Check 4.1 …………………………………………………………………… 73
Activity Sheet 4.2 ……………………………………………………………….. 74
Self-Check 4.2 …………………………………………………………………… 75
Summative Assessment Quarter II ………………………………………… 77
3
Quarter III
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 79
Self-Check 1.2 …………………………………………………………………… 86
Self-Check 1.3 …………………………………………………………………… 92
Activity 1.1 ………………………………………………………………………. 93
Self-Check 1.1 …………………………………………………………………… 94
Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 103
Activity Sheet 2.1 ……………………………………………………………….. 103
Self-Check 2.1 …………………………………………………………………… 105
Activity Sheet 2.2 ……………………………………………………………….. 106
Self-Check 2.2 …………………………………………………………………… 107
Summative Assessment Quarter III ……………………………………….. 108
Quarter IV
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… 110
Self-Check 3.1 …………………………………………………………………. 115
Information Sheet 3.2 ………………………………………………………… 116
Self-Check 3.2 …………………………………………………………………. 117
Activity Sheet 3.1 ……………………………………………………………… 117
Self-Check 3.1 …………………………………………………………………… 120
Information Sheet 3.3 ………………………………………………………… 122
Activity Sheet 3.2 …………………………………………………………….. 130
Self-Check 3.2 ………………………………………………………………….. 132
Pre/Diagnostic LO4 …………………………………………………………… 134
Activity Sheet 4.1 …………………………………………………………….. 134
Self-Check 4.1 ………………………………………………………………….. 135
Summative Assessment Quarter IV …………………………………… 136
Technical Terms …………………………………………………………….. 138
References …………………………………………………………………….. 141
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
4
Have you ever thought running your own business? Entrepreneurship has
brought great success to some, but it's not a career path for all. Do you think you
can handle the stress and hard work that go with running a small business
enterprise? The key to succeed in a small business enterprise is your
entrepreneurial ability to produce the desired results. Before embarking on your first
business, it's worth spending some time evaluating your own preparedness for
entrepreneurship. Try to examine your own personality and compare it with the
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) of a successful entrepreneur. Ask
yourself if you are ready to enter into the world of business. If your answer is yes,
take this reminder: “Successful entrepreneurs continuously develop and
improve their PECs”.
EXPLORE Your Understanding
Essential Question
- How does one ensure success in a chosen career?
Content Standard
- The learner demonstrates understanding of Personal Entrepreneurial

Competencies (PECs)
Performance Standard
- The learner prepares an activity plan that addresses his/her development

areas based on his/her PECs and improves further his/her areas of
strength.
Guide Questions:
1. Why is there a need to assess ones personal characteristics, attributes,

lifestyles, skills and traits?
2. What are the personal entrepreneurial competencies of a successful

entrepreneur?
3. Why is it necessary to compare ones personal characteristics, attributes,

lifestyles, skills and traits to the personal entrepreneurial competencies of a
successful entrepreneur?
4. How do you relate your PECs to the PECs of a successful entrepreneur?
5
5. Based on the data that you have gathered from the interview with the
successful entrepreneur in your community, how do you develop your PECs?
6. Can you prepare an action plan that addresses your areas of development
and strength based on your PECs?
7. How does your action plan help sustain your strong areas and or address
your development areas based on your PECs?
Hello there! Are you ready to assess yourself to

become a successful entrepreneur in the future? As honest as
you could, please answer the pre-assessment below.
Pre- Assessment
A. Matching Type
Directions: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the correct
definition of terms listed in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Hardworking a. Ability to set realistic targets.

2. Self-confident b. Interest in money generation.
3. Profit-Oriented c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s self.
4. Goal-Oriented d. Working diligently and industriously.
5. Persistent e. Being able to listen to the advice of others.
6. Responds to feedback f. Obtaining useful feedback and advice from
7. Willing to listen others.
8. Committed g. Being patient and strives to achieve the
9. Reliable and has integrity goal.
10. Risk-taker h. Ability to take measured or calculated risks.
i. Being honest, fair and trustworthy.
j. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s life.
6
Are you done? This time you will do another set of pre- assessment
which could give you a better understanding of what this module is all about.
Are you ready? So, let’s begin!
B. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read and study the situation that describes the entrepreneurial
characteristics or attributes. Answer the question by writing the
letter of your choice in your assignment notebook or in the answer
sheet provided.
Mrs. Gina Magno opens up her own retail business. She knows that her
personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure a successful
operationalization of a business that she has in mind. Your answers to the
questions below will help in developing her PECs.
1. What PECs must she possess if there are customers who complain about the
quality of her product?
a. Patience
b. Hardworking
c. Versatile
d. All of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an
entrepreneur?
a. Copes with failure
b. Dependent
c. Persistent
7
d. Opportunity seeker
3. If she wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic will
she maintain?
a. Commitment
b. Goal oriented
c. Futuristic
4. Mrs. Magno follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if she intends
to open a retail business. What PECs has been demonstrated by Mrs. Magno?
a. Self- confidence
b. Reliable and has integrity
c. Open to feedback
d. Persistent
5. She tells Mary, her best friend that she has a strong will and does not give up to
find a solution to a business problem. What PECs has been demonstrated by
Mrs. Magno?
a. Hard work
b. Persistence
c. Self-confidence
d. Risk- taking
This time evaluate your own personal entrepreneurial

characteristics to determine whether you too, can become an
entrepreneur. If you are ready, you may begin!
C. Self- Assessment
Directions: Below is a list of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) of a

successful entrepreneur. Put a check mark on the 2nd column that
indicates your strong PECs. The check mark on the 3 rd column are
those PECs that need to be developed.
8
My Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
Personal Entrepreneurial
Competencies of an
Entrepreneur Strength Needs to be Developed
Hardworking
Self-confident
Builds for the future
Profit-oriented
Goal-oriented
Persistent
Copes with failure
Responds to feedback
Demonstrates initiative
Willing to listen
Sets own standards
Copes with uncertainty
Committed
Builds on strengths
Reliable and has integrity
Risk-taker
Did you enjoy examining yourself? You can become a

successful entrepreneur someday. Please don’t feel bad when
you discover that there are still to be developed. Continue
your exploration to find answers to these underdeveloped
PECs.
Lesson1. Important Entrepreneurial Traits
The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:
9
1. Hard working: If you are determined to run your own business, you must
concentrate on your work either as a producer or a seller. The success of
your business depends on how much time and effort you will spend on it.
2. Self- Confidence: You must have a strong faith in your ability despite the
problems that you will encounter along the way.
3. Future-Oriented: Once a person enters in a line of business, you must
understand that you are in a non-stop contract that an entrepreneur should
understand. It may take several years to build up a business to a reasonable
standard. The goal for most successful business people is to build a secure
job and stable income for themselves based on their own ability.
4. Profit-Oriented: When you enter into the world of business, obviously, you
are looking for income because you know that this will be your bread and
butter not only for you but also for your family. Therefore, you must see to it
the business can generate income. Another plan of action is to expand your
own business through the use of your generated income.
5. Goal-Oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. You have an advanced
preparation for your business. You set a long-term goal for the activities that
are needed, an extensive preparation for the production process and
procedures that you need to go through to acquire, human and non-human
resources. Everything in your business will have to be set clearly, organized,
and planned depending on the goal you want to achieve.
6. Persistence: Differences in opinion and judgment. Your opponent can be a
part of the rejection on what you intend to do for your endeavor. As an
entrepreneur, you must be firm, strong-willed, and stick or follow your own
belief.
7. Copes with Failure: “Learn from your mistakes”. As an entrepreneur, you
must learn how to deal with the frustrations and failures instead, turn these
into productive learning experiences.
8. Responds to Feedback or Open to Feedback: You must be concerned to
know how well you are doing and keep track of your performance. You must
obtain useful feedback and advice from others.
9. Take the Initiative: A successful entrepreneur takes the initiative. You must
put yourself in a position where you personally are responsible for the failure
or success of your business.
10
10. Willing to Listen: Take time to listen to the advice, suggestions, and
recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs. It will help your business grow.
11. Set your Own Standards: This involves developing and using logical, step-
by-step plans to reach the goals, or offering evaluation alternatives,
monitoring progress, and switching to successful strategies for the goal you
want to achieve. To be a successful entrepreneur you must take into
consideration that sales and production depend on your own standards.
12. Copes with Uncertainty: Pursue your vision to be a successful
entrepreneur, you should know how to handle unusual events that may
happen in the business which include problems in managing the workers,
problems on the delivery of goods and services, and the problems on
demand and production. You must be patient in dealing with these
uncertainties.
13. Committed: You should know that in your business, personal needs,
attachment to your friends, families and relatives are set aside. You must
separate the money for your business from the amount that you need to
spend for personal obligations and lifestyles.
14. Builds on Strengths: Successful business people base their work on
strengths. Use your manual skills, knowledge in creating products or
services, knowledge in trade and industry, ability to make and use of a wide
network of contacts to build your business.
15. Reliable and has Integrity: An entrepreneur must build a good reputation,
possess the courage to do the right thing, do what you say, walk your talk, be
loyal, and be fair in dealing with the subordinates and costumers.
16. Risk-Taker: Risk sometimes cannot be anticipated. When misfortunes
happen, consider these as challenges and work them out and set good
alternatives. Risks may result to loss of your business or even bankruptcy.
FIRM UP your Understanding
Activity1: Aligning one’s PECs
Directions: Choose from the list below the characteristics and traits that best
describe your own personal entrepreneurial characteristics. Find
ways on how to align them according to the personal entrepreneurial
11
characteristics of an entrepreneur which were discussed earlier. Write
your answers in the activity sheet provided.
Creative Resourceful Persistent Organized Independent
Confident Risk taker Observant Competent Trustworthy
Optimistic Passionate Flexible Sensitive Committed
Dynamic Efficient Hardworking Decision-maker Reliable
Example: My PECs
Try to design a concept map that indicates your traits,

characteristics and skills that you need to possess in order to become
a successful entrepreneur.
Things to do to align with

My PECs My simple definition PECs of a successful
entrepreneur
1. Creative
2. Organized
3. Competent
4. Observant
12
Activity 2. My PECs that need to be further improved
Directions: At the center of the street are arrows where positive and negative
characteristics and traits are written. Pick out the positive PECs that
you are already strong at, and write them down on the blank arrows
on the left side. PECs written on the arrows at the right side are the
negative characteristics that need to be further improved.
13
DEEPEN Your Understanding
Lesson 1 Strengthening your Identified PECs
Here are your guides on how to strengthen your own PECs.
1. React positively to criticisms and open to feedback.

2. Always demonstrate positive attitude to achieve a desired goal.
3. Always project strong and well-balanced behavior.
4. Always exercise the assertive style in your work environment.
5. Avoid being too passive and too aggressive.
6. Don’t let anyone worsen your business life.
7. Prioritize your business goal rather than personal goal in order to become a
successful entrepreneur.
8. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive work
environment.
9. Be responsible in everything you do in your business.
10. Always observe business ethics in putting up a business.
Hello! I’m here once again reminding you whether you have
achieved a certain point that you could honestly tell that you
are already successful in strengthening your own PECs.
Let’ s see!
Activity 1 My techniques to strengthen PECs
14
Directions: From the given chart below, write at least six techniques on how you
would strengthen your own PECs. Write the PECs that you feel that
you still need to focus on to strengthen these.
Example: Self-confidence
TRANSFER Your Learning
Preparation of an Action Plan
Culminating Activity
Directions: Examine yourself once again. Make a short list of PECs that you need
to strengthen. From this activity, prepare of an action plan that requires further
development. You may opt to follow the suggested format below. You may improve
or change it as long as it suits your own plan of action.
15
Sample Action Plan
Specific Purpose Statement: ( Your vision of your future)

Ex. Developing self-confidence in retail business.
Measures Reward/
Focus Current of Actions Time Recognition
Area Situation Goal Success Required Frame
My PECs I need to - To exercise Achieve -Selling -During -Earns

100%
develop my my own finished culminating expected
PECs during completion of
undefined products activities income
selling and development -After -Outstanding
characteris- derived from
producing of my own learning performance
tics need for culminating
the
products/ PECs through in selling and
my retail activities in
principles,
business. such services selling and promoting
any of chosen theories,
-To become
as: _________ production of products and
career. process
____________ proficient in
products, -Participate services
and of any
____________ my chosen in skills
proper
competition chosen
____________ skill.
manner when sponsored by
career
dealing with the NGO and
people. GO
16
Post-Assessment
Answer the post assessment below to determine

whether there is significant increase in your understanding of
PECs. The feedback to this post assessment is appended on
page 16.
Good Luck!
A. Matching Type
Directions: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the correct
definition of terms listed in Column B.
Column A Column B
1. Hardworking a. Ability to set realistic targets.

2. Self-confident b. Interest in money generation.
3. Profit-oriented c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s self.
4. Goal-oriented d. Working diligently and industriously.
5. Persistent e. Being able to listen to the advice of others.
6. Responds or open to feedback f. Obtaining useful feedback and advice from
7. Willing to listen others.
8. Committed g. Being patient and strives to achieve the goal.
9. Reliable and has integrity h. Ability to take measured or calculated risks.
10. Risk-taker i. Being honest, fair and trustworthy.
j. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s life.
B. Multiple Choice.
Directions: Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial

characteristics. Then answer the question by writing the letter of
17
your choice in your assignment notebook or in the provided
answer sheet.
Mrs. Gina Magno opens up her own retail business. She knows that her
personal entrepreneurial characteristics are insufficient to ensure a successful
operationalization of a business she has in mind. Your answers to the questions
below will help in developing her PECs.
1. What PECs must she possess if there are customers who complain about the
quality of her product?
a. Patience
b. Hardworking
c. Versatile
d. All of the above
2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an
entrepreneur?
a. Copes with failure
b. Dependent
c. Persistent
3. If she wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what characteristic
will she maintain?
a. Commitment
b. Goal oriented
c. Futuristic or future-oriented
4. Mrs. Magno follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if she
intends to open a retail business. What PECs has been demonstrated by
Mrs. Magno?
a. Self- confidence
b. Reliable and has integrity
c. Responsive to feedback
d. Persistent
5. She tells Mary, her best friend that she has a strong will and does not give up
to find a solution to a business problem. What PECs has been demonstrated
by Mrs. Magno?
a. Hard work
b. Persistence
c. Self-confidence
d. Risk- taking
Feedback
18
Pre-assessment/ Post- assessment
A. Matching Type
1.d 6. f
2.c 7. e
3.b 8. j
4.a 9. i
5.g 10. h
B. Multiple Choice
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. b
Environment and Market
One of your greatest dreams in life is to become a successful

entrepreneur. As a person, you are capable of developing your character and
personality and how to respond to some business challenges and
opportunities. You can make things happen by identifying the opportunities
around you. You may ask yourself these questions: What do people need?
What products and services are available in the market today? Can they be
improved? How are they made or delivered? Can things be done better?
cheaper? faster? cleaner? Can a product which is used for specific purpose
be also used for some other purposes?
You slowly find answers to these questions as you decide to do the first
step in launching a business enterprise. Be cautious however, that you
19
should develop a habit of identifying opportunities around you. Only then, you
will find the activity both exciting and easy.
EXPLORE your Understanding
Essential Question
How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?
Content Standard
- The learner demonstrates understanding of environment and market that

relates with the career choice.
Performance Standard
- The learner formulates a business idea based on the analysis of the

environment and market
Guide Questions:
1. How does one determine the product to be produced or services to be offered

and delivered to the target market or customers in a particular community?
2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?
3. How can one respond effectively to a business enterprise?
Hello there! Are you ready to assess yourself if you are ready to
generate potential business ideas? Let’s try by answering the
succeeding pre-assessment.
Pre-assessment
20
1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:
a. Recreation
b. Clothing
c. Shelter
d. Food
2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective

entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her store?
a. Types of merchandise
b. Access of the target customers
c. The attractiveness of the store layout
d. The prevailing prices of goods in the area
3. Thong plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the

following will help him determine a successful plan for setting up of his
business?
a. Survey of consumer associations

b. Checking for similar business to avoid competition
c. Getting feedback on the quality of service
d. Conduct a SWOT analysis
4. Ceasar studies the population in his immediate community. He is

doing this to –
a. identify his would be “suki”.

b. predict his biggest buyer.
c. select his favorite costumers.
d. determine whom to sell his product or service.
5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter products to make it more

appealing to target consumers, he/she is doing an -------- of the
product.
a. alteration
b. invention
c. innovation
d. improvisation
Lesson 1 Needs and Wants of People
21
Everyone has his or her own needs and wants. However, people have
different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important
things that every individual cannot do without in a society. These include:
1. Basic commodities for consumption

2. Clothing and other personal belongings,
3. Shelter, sanitation and health
4. Education and relaxation
Basic needs are essential to every individual so he/she may be able to

live with dignity and pride in the community of people. These needs can
obviously help you generate business ideas.
Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and an
expensive way of living. Wants or desires are considered above all the basic
necessities of life. Some examples are the eagerness or the passion of every
individual which are non- basic needs like; fashion accessories, shoes,
clothes, travelling around the world, eating in an exclusive restaurant;
watching movies, concerts, plays, having luxurious cars, wearing expensive
jewelry, perfume, living in impressive homes, and others.
Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of
business that you may engage into because it can serve as the measure of
your success. Some other good points that you might consider in business
undertakings are the kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and
tradition, and social orientation that they belong.
Lesson 2 Generating ideas for business
Here are some ways by which you may generate possible ideas for business.
1. Examine the existing goods and services. Are you satisfied with the
product? What do other people who use the product say about it?
How can it be improved? There are many ways of improving a product
from the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold? You can also
improve the materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you
introduce new ways of using the product, making it more useful and
22
adaptable to the customers’ many needs. When you are improving the
product or enhancing it, you are doing an innovation. You can also do
an invention by introducing an entirely new product to replace the old
one.
Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and

services are sold outside by the community. Very often, these products
are sold in a form that can still be enhanced or improved.
2. Examine the present and future needs. Look and listen to what the
customers, institution, and communities are missing in terms of goods
and services. Sometimes, these needs are already obvious and felt at
the moment. Other needs are not that obvious because they can only
be felt in the future, in the event of certain developments in the
community. For example, a town will have its electrification facility in
the next six months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur could think
of electrically- powered or generated business such as xerox copier,
computer service, digital printing, etc.
3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied. Needs for the products
and services are referred to as market demand. To satisfy these
needs is to supply the products and services that meet the demands of
the market. The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the
products or service, and these may be people or institutions such as
other businesses, establishments, organizations, or government
agencies.
There is a very good business opportunity when there is absolutely no

supply to a pressing market demand.
Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and
services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other
services such as selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for
business.
4. Examine the available resources around you. Observe what

materials or skills are available in abundance in your area. A business
can be started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw
form and by processing and manufacturing them into finished products.
For example, in a copra-producing town, there will be many coconut
husks and shells available as “waste” products. These can be
23
collected and made into coco rags/doormat and charcoal bricks and
sold profitably outside the community.
A group of people in your neighborhood may have some special skills

that can be harnessed for business. For example, women in the
Mountain Province possess loom weaving skills that have been passed
on from one generation to the next generation. Some communities
there set up weaving businesses to produce blankets, as well as
decorative items and various souvenir items for sale to tourists and
lowland communities.
Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and
experience you may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home
economics, and ICT classes will provide you with business
opportunities to acquire the needed skills which will earn for you extra
income, should you decide to engage in income-generating activities.
With your skills, you may also tinker around with various things in your
spare time. Many products were invented this way.
5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new

products and techniques or advances in technology. You can pick
up new business ideas from Newsweek, Reader’s Digest, Business
Magazines, Go Negosyo, KAB materials, Small- industry Journal. The
Internet serves as a library where you may browse and surf on
possible businesses. It will also guide you on how to put the right
product in the right place, at the right price, at the right time.
Listing of possible businesses to set up in an area may also be

available from banks or local non-government organizations.
Lesson 3 Selecting the Right Idea
Once you have embarked on identifying the business

opportunities, you will eventually see that there are many possibilities
that are available for you. It is very unlikely that you will have enough
resources to pursue all of them at once. Which one will you choose?
You have to select the most promising one from among

hundreds and one ideas. It will be good to do this in stages. In the
first stage, you screen your ideas to narrow them down to about five
choices. In the next stage, trim down the five choices to two options.
24
In the final stage, choose between the two and decide which business
idea worth pursuing.
In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the

following factors:
1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?
2. How big is the demand for the product? Do many people need this
product and will continue to need it for a long time?
3. How is the demand met? Who are processing the products to meet
the need (competition or demand)? How much of the need is now
being met (supply)?
4. Do you have the background and experience needed to run this
particular business?
5. Will the business be legal, not going against any existing or
foreseeable government regulation?
6. Is the business in line with your interest and expertise?
Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening

which ones from among your many ideas are worth examining further
and worth pursuing.
Lesson 4 Environmental Scanning
There is a need to conduct environmental scanning to identity

the needs and wants of people, the niche for your business mission,
and to give attention to trends and issues. This may also serve as an
evaluation of the type of the entrepreneurial activity appropriate in the
community.
Environmental scanning is defined as a process of gathering,

analyzing, and dispensing information for tactical or strategic
purposes. The environmental scanning process entails obtaining both
factual and subjective information on the business environments in
which a company is operating.
25
Environment in the community can be viewed according to its
technological, political, economic, and social aspects. For example, in
the past, people in the community used personal computers but the
transmission of development in terms of technology was interrupted
because people were not satisfied with what they have today. They
still look for the changes in their life and the corresponding in their
environment.
As a future entrepreneur, you must be well-versed in this kind of
advancement and progression of your environment particularly in
technology so as to secure the success of your future business. Always
think of something new, something novel, authentic, reinvent the
existing ones, and create your new version of goods/products, and
services. For instance, your own hair straightening is herbal, while in
the other salons it is made of synthetic chemicals. This kind of changes
being made will effect the existing principles in business and industries
that can be easily adapted to the changes in producing the
products/services to meet the needs and wants of people in the
community.
FIRM UP Your Understanding
In generating business idea, you should first identify what type of

business is suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the
potential environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your
competitors, analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and the
Threats in your environment to ensure that the products/goods and services
you are planning to offer will be patronized within the easy reach by your
target markets/consumers.
Bear in mind these simple rules for successful SWOT analysis.
26
 Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your
business when conducting SWOT analysis.
 SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your business
is today, and where it could be in the future.
 SWOT should always be specific. Avoid any grey areas.
 Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. better
than or worse than your competition.
 Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over
analysis
 SWOT is subjective.
DEEPEN Your Understanding
People keep on searching for new things, new trends, and new
issues. For these reasons, an entrepreneur hurriedly responds to these
needs and wants of people.
As generations come and go, another set of new trends will
come or will exist. In order to adapt to the rapid changes in the
business environment, the existing industries need to improve their
products and services. But how can you generate business ideas with
those strong competitors? There are three main sets of decisions that
you need to make - what to produce, how to produce, and how to
share or sell out the product to the market.
Activity 1 Mini survey
Directions: Conduct a mini survey in your immediate community. Gather

pertinent data on population across age brackets as suggested in the matrix below.
Opposite each age group, indicate their probable needs and wants.
27
Age Bracket Population Needs Wants
Example: 35 Toys, coloring books, Wooden toys, glossy
pajama coloring books, etc.
5 and below fashionable pajama
6- 10 years old
11-15 years old
16-20 years old
21-25 years old
26-35 years old
35-45 years old
46-55 years old
56-65 years old
66 and above
Activity 2 Screening business ideas
Directions: After filling out the chart above, try to list down all the probable
business opportunities which you may wish to venture in. Remember to
consider the ideas and suggestions discussed in Lesson 3. Use the
suggested matrix below to indicate your choice. Write your answers in your
notebook.
Example: Selling wooden toys
Positive Factors
Negative Factors
Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats
28
TRANSFER Of Learning
Now that, you have all the information, are

you ready to test your ability to generate your own business idea? If
your answer is yes, start studying the sample vicinity map of a
community with a population of two thousand people. A new housing
project will be constructed adjacent to Daang Hari St, close to Old
Molino St., its main road. This housing project targets the
homeowners who are young couples with two kids.
In this activity, you need to answer the questions that may lead to
the generation of a probable business. Your answers to these
29
questions will serve as the bases in formulating your own business
ideas.
1. Who do you think are your target consumers/markets?

2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?
3. Which products or services would appeal to your target
consumers/markets?
4. Can you say that you have seized the most feasible business
opportunity?
Post-assessment
1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:

a. Recreation
b. Clothing
c. Shelter
d. Food
2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective

entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her store?
a. Type of merchandise
b. The access of the target customers
c. The attractiveness of the store layout
d. The prevailing prices of goods in the area
3. Thong plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the
following will help him determine his plan for a success setting up of
his business?
a. Survey of consumer associations
b. Checking for similar business to avoid competition
c. Getting feedback on the quality of service
d. Conduct a SWOT analysis
4. Ceasar studies the population in his immediate community. He is

doing this to –
a. identify his would be “suki”.
b. predict his biggest buyer.
c. select his favorite costumers.
d. determine whom to sell his product or service.
5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter products to make it more

appealing to target consumers, he/she is doing an -------- of the
product.
a. alteration
30
b. invention
c. innovation
d. improvisation
Feedback
Pre-assessment and Post assessment
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. b
31
Process and Delivery
Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates The learner independently assembles
understanding of principles in AC/DC power supply in accordance
assembling AC/DC power supply. with manufacturer’s specification.
Quarter I Time Allotment: 40 Hours
LESSON: ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE CONSUMER

ELECTRONIC PRODUCT AND SYSTEM
_______________________________
_
I. INTRODUCTION:
This lesson contains information and learning activities in preparing

materials, tools, equipment, workplace and parts needed for assembling a
power supply. Additionally, for a clear understanding in assembling
electronic product, this lesson also contains information and learning
activities in designing and etching of printed circuit board (PCB), proper
mounting and soldering of components on PCB and auxiliary parts, and
circuit tracing for interconnection of all parts of the circuit.
Learning activities in the inspection and testing of finished ac/dc

power supply are included to comply with the standard operating procedure.
There are forms to accomplish for proper documentation.
II. LO1: PREPARE TOOLS AND MATERIALS FOR ASSEMBLY
 Check required tools, equipment and materials

 Prepare tools and materials according to job requirements
III. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It refers to a handtool that is used holding, gripping, and cutting of
soft and fine wires in assembling electronic circuit?
A. Pliers B. Scissor C. Tweezers D. Vise grip
32
2. In a bridge-type rectifier circuit, there are four terminal joints.
Select the one that could give a DC+ output.
A. Anode-Cathode B. Infinite
C. Two Anode D. Two Cathode

Select the one that could give a DC - output.
A. Anode-Cathode B. Infinite

Select the one that is connected to one of the AC output of
transformer.
A. Anode-Cathode B. None
5. The positive electrode of a device. It is the “P” material of a diode.

A. Anode B. Bridge-type Rectifier
C. Cathode D. Full wave rectifier circuit
6. It refers to a circuit using four diodes that provides full wave

rectification.
A. Anode B. Bridge-type Rectifier
C. Cathode D. Full-wave rectifier circuit
7. It is the copper clad designed, etched and bored to which

components are inserted into the hole and soldered to form its
circuit connection.
A. Breadboard B. Printed Circuit Board
C. Strip board D. Terminal
8. It is a process where the unnecessary copper is removed to leave

the individual tracks or connections of the circuit.
A. Boring B. Desoldering
C. PCB etching D. Soldering
9. It is a chemical solution that liquefies the uncovered surfaces of

the designed copper clad board that creates a PCB.
A. Alcohol B. Ferric Chloride
C. Gasoline D. Lacquer thinner
10. What is the stage of the power supply that reduces the amount of
ripple voltage and smoothen the pulsating DC output voltage of
rectifier circuit?
A. Bleeder B. Filter circuit
C. Rectifier circuit D. Step-down transformer
33
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
TOOLS AND MATERIALS IN ASSEMBLING POWER SUPPLY
In every electronic work, it is a must to prepare first the necessary

tools, materials, and equipment needed as well as the information. The
following list of tools, materials, and equipment are needed in assembling
AC/DC power supply:
Name Actual Picture
Soldering tools:
Soldering iron
Soldering lead
Desoldering tool
Soldering stand
Screwdriver
1. Flat head
2. Philip 1. 2.
1.
Pliers 2.
1. Diagonal cutting pliers
2. Long nose pliers
1. 2.
1. Wire stripper
2. Utility knife
Boring tools
Mini drill with power
supply
Drill bit (in proportion
with terminals of
component)
34
Multitester/ Volt-Ohm-
Milliammeter (VOM)
Analog
35
Copper clad
Sand paper
Pencil and paper
Ruler
Masking tape
Cleaning brush
Cleaning agent
Permanent marker
AD/DC power supply kit must

include the following
components:
1 pc Step-down transformer
(750mA, multi-secondary:
3v, 4.5v, 6v, 9v, 12v)
4 pcs Rectifier diode
(IN4001)
1 pc Capacitor
(1,000uF/16v)
1 pc Resistor ( 1KΩ 1/4w))
Wires
(1 m #22 solid/
1 m #18 stranded)
1 pc Rotary switch
(2 poles 5 positions)
2 pcs Alligator clip
(1 red & 1 black)
AC cord w/plug
Rubber grommet
Fuse with holder (.5 A)
Chassis/ compartment
Personal Protective Equipment

EDS wrist strap
Mask
Apron
Schematic Diagram of AC/DC

multi-secondary unregulated
power supply
36
SELF-CHECK 1.1
Tools and Materials in Assembling Power Supply
II. Familiarization: Identify the tools, materials and equipment in

assembling power supply as numbered. Write your answers on
separate sheet.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15
AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
A power supply is the heart of all

electronic equipment. It converts AC
input power from grid line to DC
output voltage (AC-DC). It supplies
the desired voltage and current in a
circuit. Without these, all electronic
equipment will not function at all.
37
A basic power supply consists of three basic stages: the power
transformer stage, rectifier stage, and filter stage. If there is a need to
regulate the output voltage, a regulator circuit is added.
Transformer Rectifier Filter

Stage Stage Stage
Block Diagram of AC-DC Power Supply
Transformer Rectifier Filter Regulator

Stage Stage Stage Stage
Block Diagram of AC-DC Regulated Power Supply
Transformer stage
In order to reduce the 220 volts/60 Hz power supply at our home,

there is a need for a step-down transformer. Most electronic circuits require
a low-voltage power supply in Direct Current (DC) form. The primary and
secondary voltage, current and power rating of a transformer is important
thing to consider.
Note that secondary voltage indicates the rated voltage. When the
secondary winding of a transformer has no load, the measured voltage
must be 10% higher than its rated voltage. This is the allowance for the
voltage drop when loaded.
Types of Rectifier Circuit
There are two types of rectifier, Half-wave Rectifier and the Full-wave
Rectifier. Under a Full-wave rectifier, there are two types, the Center-tapped
and the Bridge Rectifier.
1. Half-wave Rectifier Circuit

One rectifier diode D1 and one load resistor RL are needed to
conduct one alteration in every cycle of small AC input.
Note: Compare the difference of the three circuits in your lecture:

a. Half-wave
b. Full-wave
b.1 Center-tapped
b.2 Bridge
38
Schematic Diagram of a Half-Wave Rectifier
2. Full-Wave Center-Tapped Rectifier Circuit
This type of circuit requires a center-tapped transformer, two
rectifier diodes, and a load resistor (R L). Each of the diode supplies
one-half the DC load current.
Schematic Diagram of a Full-Wave Center-Tapped Rectifier circuit
3. Full-Wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit
Schematic Diagram of a Full-Wave Bridge Type Power Supply

The full-wave bridge type rectifier circuit uses four rectifier diodes D1,
D2, D3, D4 and a load resistor (R L). A center-tapped transformer is not
necessary in this circuit. This circuit can deliver a higher current range to
the load because all of the cycles are consumed by the four diodes.
39
The operation of this rectifier circuit is different from the Half-wave
and Full-wave center-tapped. The conduction of AC voltage starts from
Line-A going to Line-B.
Conduction of Diode in Full-Wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit
First Conduction
The negative half-cycle will be conducted to the cathode of diode D1,

and then thru the RL it will conduct to the cathode of diode D4 goes to Line-
B. In this case D1 and D4 are conducting.
First Conduction in a Full-wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit
Second Conduction
The positive half-cycle will be conducted to the anode of diode D2 and

then thru the RL, it will conduct to the anode of diode D3 goes to Line-B. In
this case D2 and D3 are conducting.
Second Conduction in a Full Wave Bridge Type Rectifier Circuit
40
Characteristics of a Full-Wave Bridge Type Power Supply
a. Expensive
b. Needs a lower value of capacitance
c. Needs four rectifier diodes
Filter Stage
This stage of the power supply smoothen the pulsating DC output

voltage of rectifier circuit by reducing the amount of ripple voltage. It also
provides the charge voltage for the load while the rectifier diode is not
conducting.
(+) +
Rectifier Filter
Stage Stage
(-) -
Ripple-Voltage is an AC component present in the DC output voltage of
rectifier circuit.
Basic Methods of Filtering
1. Simple Capacitor in Parallel

You can connect as many electrolytic capacitors in parallel as you
want in order to increase the amount of capacitance causing good
filtering effects to DC output. This is used for high current applications.
The only disadvantage is that it will occupy a bigger space.
Placing additional
capacitor in the output.
Filter Circuit
2. Filter with RC Circuit

This circuit is actually a resistor in series with the positive line
together with two bypass capacitors C1 and C2. It is good in lowering the
DC voltage output.
Placing a resistor
in series with the
positive line can
cause voltage
drop.
Filter with RC Circuit
41
3. Filter with Inductor
This circuit has a good filtering effect to the pulsating DC output of
the rectifier. It uses minimal value of capacitance and it is good in low
current and high current applications. The only disadvantage is that
the inductor in series with the positive line takes up big space in
mounting it in the PCB.
The swing of inductance

causes the pulsating DC to
be filtered into its purest
DC form
Filter with Inductor
SELF-CHECK 1.2
AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
I. DIRECTION: Answer the following questions and write your answers

in separate sheets of paper.
1. How many stages do basic power supplies have?

2. What component do we need to use in a simple basic filtering stage?
3. Why is a bridge type rectifier the most expensive type of rectifier
stage?
4. What stage of the power supply reduces the high AC input voltage to
a lower AC output voltage?
5. What stage of the power supply converts small AC voltage to
pulsating DC voltage?
6. How many basic methods of filtering do the filtering stages have?
7. How many types of rectifier circuits do basic power supplies have?
8. What stage of the power supply smoothens the pulsating DC into
pure DC output voltages?
9. How many diodes do full-wave center-tapped power supplies have?
10. Why is a half-wave rectifier the cheapest type of rectifier stage?
II. Direction: Draw the schematic diagram of bridge type rectifier circuit:
(for five points)
Criteria Points
Complete components/ correct connection/ with label/ correct symbols 5
Complete components/ correct connection/ no label/ correct symbols 4
Complete components/ correct connection/ no label/incorrect symbol 3
Complete components/ incorrect connection/ no label/incorrect symbols 2
Complete components/ incorrect connection/ no label/incorrect symbols 1
42
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD OF AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a copper clad designed (derived from

components connection on schematic diagram), etched and bored to which
components are inserted into the hole (substrate side) and soldered (copper
side) to form its circuit connection. Its main purpose is to reduce the space
and to troubleshoot easily when problem arises.
The copper clad has conductors that are thin strips of copper, usually
bonded to a baseboard called substrate. The two very common substrate
materials used in printed circuit are the phenolic and epoxy plastic.
Copper
Substrate
Copper Clad
PCB Etching is a process where unnecessary copper is removed to

leave the individual tracks or connections of the circuit. Buckets, bubble
tanks, and spray machines are tools to do different ways of etching but most
firms currently use high pressure conveyors spray equipment. Spray etching
in fast Ammoniacal etching solutions can etch 55 microns of copper a
minute and less than 40 seconds to etch a standard 1 oz, 35 micron circuit
board.
Copper side of manufactured PCB
Many different chemical solutions can be used to etch circuit boards

ranging from slow controlled speed etches used for surface preparation to
the faster etches used for etching the tracks. Some are best used in
horizontal spray process equipment while others are best used in tanks.
Enchants for PTH work have to be selective and be non-aggressive to tin /
tin lead plating, which is used as the etch resists. Copper etching that is
normally exothermic requires high speed etching to carry out solution
cooling. This is normally done by placing titanium water cooling coils into
enchant. Almost all etching solutions liberate toxic corrosive fumes.
Extraction is highly recommended. All enchants are corrosive and toxic
mainly due to the high metal content. Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)
must always be used. Used solutions should always be disposed properly so
that it cannot pollute local sewage works and rivers.
43
Manufacturing Printed Circuit Board
In PCB designing, we should not focus only on the size of the

pathways linking to the other component, but also on the types, kinds, and
characteristics of the component. Here are the other design factors needed:
1. PCB size and shape. The PCB must be big enough for the entire
component to be mounted where it is anticipated.
2. Position of the Terminal. Input, output, and supply voltage should

be placed near the border to make troubleshooting or minor repair
easier.
3. High Temperature Dissipation. Too much heat is the number one

problem of all components. Bigger space is needed so that heat
sink (absorb heat from the active component) can be provided to
the component. This will protect the component from burning up.
4. Accessibility of Components. Those component that is adjustable

or variable (example: potentiometer, trimmer resistor or capacitor)
should be placed near the border to make the troubleshooting or
minor repair easier.
5. Space for Bolt and Nut. The designer should place an allowance
space for mounting the PCB with bolt and nut in securing the
entire board to the chassis.
Different Types of Circuit Should be Grouped according to its

Application. This will enhance the circuit operation and will prevent it from
distortion generated by other circuits. This is the reason why the circuit of
the power supply is far from the audio circuit.
Printed circuit board etching
It is the removal of unnecessary portion or layer of conductive

material (that is copper) bonded to an insulating base called substrate.
Ferric Chloride solution liquefies the uncovered surfaces of the designed
copper clad board that creates a PCB through chemical reaction.
Designed Copper Clad Before Etching
Cover Surface
Copper Conductor
Substrate
Designed Copper Clad After Etching (PCB)
Cover Surface
Copper/Conductor
Substrate
44
Tools and Materials Needed In PCB Etching
1. Designed copper clad

2. Ferric Chloride- The quantity of ferric chloride solution will depend
upon the area of the PCB.
3. Plastic basin- It is where the ferric chloride filled during etching
process.
4. Popsicle sticks (2 pieces)- It is used for hauling the designed PCB
during the etching process.
5. Old newspaper- It is placed under the plastic basin for the prevention
of accidental spill of chemical over the table.
6. Apron
7. Piece of Cloth
8. Plastic Varnish 1 bottle
9. Lacquer Thinner
10. Surgical Gloves
11. Knife or Cutter
SELF-CHECK 1.3
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD OF AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
Direction: Read each statement and write the term being described in each
number on your answer sheet.
1. A board to which the electronic components is mounted and soldered.

2. It is the baseboard of a copper clad where the thin strip of copper are
bonded.
3. It is a thin copper layer which is firmly bonded to an insulating base
material where the component’s terminals are soldered
4 -5. The two types of substrate materials used in printed circuit.
6. It is one of the factors in designing a PCB to which the size of the entire
components are considered.
7. For easy troubleshooting, where should be the source, input, and output
terminals placed in PCB design.
8. It protects the component from burning up by absorbing the heat of active
components and must be provided enough space in designing process.
9. It is included in the design process in order to secure the PCB to the
chassis and space must be provided.
10. To enhance the circuit operation and prevent distortion, what should be
done in designing circuit?
Note: If you got all the answers right, that is an excellent mark. If you missed
one or more item/s, go back to information sheet 1.3, review the questions,
45
and study them more closely. Before you proceed to the next lesson you must
got all the answers right.
ACTIVITY SHEET 1.1
DESIGNING AND PREPARING PCB OF AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
Directions: Given the resources needed, the students will design and
prepare a PCB of AC-DC Power Supply individually by following the
procedures given. After the activity, the students output will be graded
through the given Performance Check.
Electronic hand tools Materials

Soldering Iron Cleaning brush
Desoldering tool Soldering lead
Screwdriver (Flat / and Philip) Cleaning agent
Wire stripper / Utility knife Wires (Stranded/ Solid )
Mini drill (with drill bit ) with adaptor Pre-design Printed Circuit Boards
(+12VDC supply) (PCB)-copper clad
Plier (Diagonal cutter/ Long nose) Sand paper
Electronic equipment/instrument Metal polish and eraser
AC-DC power supply kit (1.5 – 12
High grade magnifying glass with lamp
volts variable power supply)
Drawing instrument Pencil and paper
Analog multi tester (voltmeter/ VOM) Permanent marker and ruler
Masking tape and cutter
Resources:
These are the list of tools, equipment, and materials necessary in
designing and preparing a PCB of AC-DC power supply using permanent
marker or masking tape:
Procedures in Preparing the Layout Diagram in the PCB
1. Prepare the schematic diagram of the circuit.
Schematic Diagram of AC/DC Power Supply
46
Note: The circuit with dotted lines is subject for PCB design.
2. Make a first draft for the arrangement of components considering the
given size of copper clad( 1”x2”).
Note: Actual size of the component should be adapted for component

arrangement and mounting. (Illustrations below are just a sample; you
can make your own layout of components.)
3. Interconnect each component based on the schematic diagram given.
Components Placement Guide
Note: Observe correct connections/ polarity in doing this.
3.1. Double-check the connection.
4. Finalize the arrangement/ orientation of

components. Interconnect the components for
the final design.
5. Trace the reverse side of the designed PCB by using a carbon paper and
mark it on the copper side of the clad board.
6. Use a high point permanent marker for

marking. Do the marking three times.
47
7. Using masking tape, cover the entire copper
side and transfer the design on it. Cut the design
and leave the transferred design.
Note: Be careful not to shorten each line marking.
Characteristics of Good PCB Design – 4C’s
1. Clean. It should be clean so that the representation of the

schematic diagram is easy to mark and easy to troubleshoot.
2. Compressed. Reducing the size for space saving in chassis.
3. Creative in Design. There is a pattern or image when it is created.
4. Consistency in Component. The components should be well
arranged in group.
SELF- CHECK 1.1

Designing and Preparing PCB of AC-DC Power Supply
Directions: Read the criteria in the box and check the box if you performed
the item. One check is equal to one point.
Criteria Performed
1. Prepared the schematic diagram of the circuit.
2. Arranged the components accordingly.
3. Interconnected each component prior to schematic diagram.

4. Traced/ Transferred the design using permanent marker of
masking tape.
5. Produced PCB design with the 4 C’s (clean, compressed, creative
and consistent) on the component side?
5 Yes Remarks Excellent

4 Yes Remarks Very Satisfactory
3Yes Remarks Satisfactory
2 Yes Remarks Needs
1 Yes Remarks Improvement
Student’s Signature______________________ Date ______________

Teacher’s Signature______________________ Date ________________
48
ACTIVITY SHEET 1.2
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD ETCHING
Directions: Given the resources needed, perform the procedure in PCB

Etching to produce a PCB of AC-DC power supply (rectifier circuit). The
students will perform individually guided by the procedure/ steps given in
PCB etching. Observe safety at all times. Students will be rated through
Assessment Checklist 1.1.2. Twenty minutes will be given to each
student. Etching could be done simultaneously.
Resources:
Before proceeding to job, the students should prepare the following:
Pre-design Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Piece of Cloth

Ferric Chloride Plastic Varnish
Plastic basin Lacquer Thinner
Popsicle sticks (2 pieces) Surgical Gloves
Old newspaper Knife or Cutter
Apron Goggles
Mask
Steps in PCB Etching
1. Prepare the necessary tools and materials needed in PCB etching.

2. Wear your apron, surgical gloves, goggles and mask in order to
prevent accidental splash of the solution on your clothes, eyes or on your
skin. Make sure the area is well ventilated; the chemicals will produce
hazardous fumes.
3. Pour the ferric chloride in the plastic basin.
Ferric Chloride
Chloride
Plastic
Basin
4. Etch the PCB by immersing it in a basin filled with ferric chloride until
the uncovered part of the copper clad is totally etched. PCB
49
5. After 10 - 15 minutes, check the PCB if all the parts needed to be
removed are totally etched (using the two popsicle sticks in hauling).
If there are still unnecessary copper, return it into the plastic basin
filled with ferric chloride and check it again after 3 – 5 minutes.
6. Haul the PCB from the plastic basin and wash with running water to
remove the remaining etching solution and other residues.
7. Dry PCB with a clean piece of cloth.
8. Pour a little amount of lacquer thinner on a clean dry piece of cloth
and wipe the markings of the permanent marker in the copper clad.
(Note: In doing this, you should still wear surgical gloves.)
9. Aided by bright light, inspect the PCB for possible hairline break or
short. If there is a hairline path between the copper conductors, cut it
by a knife or cutter. If there is a break between the copper conductors,
solder it.
10. Apply plastic varnish to the newly etched PCB to prevent

corrosion or rust, and let it dry for a couple of minutes.
Techniques to correct PCB Hairline Break or Short
A. Hairline Break. It is an open copper foil in the Printed Circuit

Board. Most of the time, this is due to improper PCB designing or
etching. To eliminate the hairline break, just place a hook up wire
and solder it.
50
B. Hairline Short in the PCB Conductor. It arises if the Printed
Circuit Board designing or etching is done improperly. To
eliminate the hairline short, you should cut it with a knife.
SELF-CHECK 1.2
PCB ETCHING
Directions: Rate yourself on how competent you have applied the skill in
PCB Etching using the criteria below by checking on the appropriate
box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by
dividing each item by 5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of the six
criteria to get the final rating.
Points
Criteria Rating
5 4 3 2 1
Workmanship
Use of Tools
Use of Personal Protective Equipment
SPEED
House Keeping
Finished Design
Total
51
52
Criteria Description
Followed the steps accordingly/ Less 1 point for
Workmanship
every missed procedure.
Used tools/ materials in right task/ Less 1 point for
Use of Tools
every misused.
Use of Personal Used PPE during the whole activity/ Less 1 point for
Protective Equipment every forgotten instances
Finished within the time/ Less 1 point for every five
SPEED
minutes delay
The workplace is clean before, during and after the
House Keeping
activity/ Less 1 point for every dirt observed
Neat and presentable output and / Less 1 point for
Finished Design
every unusual marks at the output
Rating System for Self- Check 1.2
Score Descriptive Grade

96-100 Excellent
86-95 Very good
81-85 Good
75-80 Fair
70-74 Poor

ACTIVITY SHEET 1.3

BORING ETCHED PCB OF AC/DC POWER SUPPLY
Direction: Given the resources needed, perform the operation/procedure in

boring the designed PCB of AC-DC power supply. Follow the procedure
and observe safety precautions at all times. The students will be graded
according to the output (finished product)using rubrics .
Resources:
Tools and Materials

- Mini Drill
- PCB (designed and etched PCB of AC/DC power supply)
- Piece of wood
- Mini Drill with power supply and bit(in proportion with
components terminal)
- Varnish
Procedure in Boring Etched PCB of AC/DC Power Supply
53
1. Mini Drill Setup
1.1 Loosen the chuck by using a precision screwdriver and
change the drill bit. This is done in a counter clockwise
movement.
1.2 Insert the drill bit 1mm diameter in size and attach it to
the chuck of the unit.
1.3 Turn the precision screwdriver clockwise to tighten the jaw
of the unit. Be sure that the drill bit is well secured on the
chuck.
1.4 Before inserting the 12 volts adaptor, you should turn off
the unit.
1.5 Test the rotation of the unit if it is well aligned. If not, align it
following steps no. 1 and 2.
2. How to Use a Mini Drill
To control the unit, hold the mini drill at the lower part and
firmly position your arm. Then with the mini drill held
perpendicularly to your work surface, lightly press downward to the
holes to be drilled in the PCB but be sure that the PCB has a piece of
wood under it to avoid damaging the table. With practice, you will be
able to get the procedure correctly.
3. Boring Procedure
54
1. Mark where the holes are to be drilled. This is to ensure proper
location of holes for the components terminal. Carefully mark
the holes to be drilled with a pointed object.
2. Using mini drill bore hole perpendicularly to the surface of the

PCB with arrow marking.
3. Clean the surface of the PCB and look for open line or short
circuit.
4. Apply varnish on the clad surface to prevent it from corrosion.
SELF-CHECK 1.3
BORING ETCHED PCB OF AC/DC POWER SUPPLY
Boring etched PCB using the criteria below by checking on the
appropriate box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the
rating by dividing each item by 5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of
the six criteria to get the final rating.
Points
Criteria Rating
5 4 3 2 1
Workmanship
Use of Tools
SPEED
House Keeping
Finished Design
Total
55
Followed the steps accordingly/ Less 1 point for every
Workmanship
missed procedure.
Used tools/ materials in right task/ Less 1 point for every
Use of Tools
misused.
Use of Personal Used PPE during the whole activity/ Less 1 point for every
Protective Equipment forgotten instances
SPEED
minutes delay
House Keeping
Neat and presentable output and / Less 1 point for every
Finished Design
unusual marks at the output
Rating System for Self-Check 1.3

96-100 Excellent
86-95 Very good
81-85 Good
75-80 Fair
70-74 Poor

56
IV. LO2: SOLDER/ DESOLDER COMPONENTS TO THE BOARD
 Perform soldering and desoldering processes

 Check soldered products in accordance with quality standards.
V. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
I. Directions: Enumerate the materials and components being asked in each

number.
1. Electronic components in the PCB of unregulated power
supply.(3pts)
2. Parts of unregulated power supply mounted in the chassis.(7pts)

AUXILIARY AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF POWER SUPPLY
Internal Parts of AC/DC Multi-Secondary Unregulated Bridge-type

Power Supply
The internal parts of the power supply are shown in the figure below.
1. Transformer is a component that consists of two or more coils

which are coupled together by magnetic induction.
2. Fuse Holder & Fuse is used to protect the unit from any sudden
short circuit from the load or too much fluctuation of power from
the line source.
3. Bolt and nut is used to fix the PCB and other parts inside the
chassis.
4. Rectifier Diode is an electronic device which only allows current to
flow in one direction.
5. Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a conductive pattern formed on
one or both sides of an insulating base by etching, plating or
stamping. This contain the components that comprises the bridge-
type power supply(diode, capacitor, resistor, and LED).
6. Electrolytic Capacitor is an electronic component that acts as a
filter. It removes ripples from the output of the rectifier circuit.
7. Resistor is a component that restricts the flow of current (eg. to
limit the current passing through the LED). It is used with a
capacitor in a timing circuit.
8. Rotary Switch is a switch that is operated by a rotating shaft and
used to select an output voltage available.
57
Auxiliary Components/ Parts of Power Supply
1. On-Off switch is used to switch on and off the circuit.

2. Fuse Holder & Fuse
3. AC Plug with Cord is used for connecting the 220V input voltage
of the power supply.
4. Rubber grommet is used to protect the output wire of the alligator
clip.
5. Selector Knob is a plastic holder of the selector switch.
6. Neon Lamp is for 220V AC monitoring lamp.
7. LED Power Indicator is used to indicate that the power supply in
“ON” position.
8. Alligator Clips are used to connect the two-line output to the
load.
58
SELF-CHECK 2.1
AUXILIARY AND ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF
POWER SUPPLY
I. Directions: Identify the parts of AC-DC Power Supply as numbered (1-10).

Write the answer on your answer sheet.
59
ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1
MOUNTING AND SOLDERING COMPONENTS OF AC-DC POWER
SUPPLY
Direction: Using the given tools, supplies and materials, mount the
electronic components to the finished PCB and perform soldering
techniques to assemble rectifier circuit of an AC-DC power supply.
Read some information and follow the instruction/ procedures
given. Assessment checklist will be used to rate the performance.
Resources:
o Supplies and Materials
- Designed PCB
- Soldering Lead, 60/40
- 4 pcs. Rectifier diode- 1N4001
- Electrolytic capacitor – 3,300 uF/25V
- Jumbo LED with holder
- Resistor- 1KΩ, 5 watts
- Schematic diagram of AC/DC Bridge-type power
supply
- Design of AC/DC Bridge-type power supply (copper
side and component placement guide)
o Tools andEquipment
- Soldering tools
- Pliers
AC/DC Unregulated Multi-secondary Power Supply
In all the basic electronic theories, power supply

assembling is the most common application. One of the reasons
is that power supply is always present or required in every
electronics circuits. In this activity, you are expected to apply all
the knowledge and skills in soldering techniques that have been
learned.
60
Procedures:
1. Prepare all the materials/resources needed.

2. Clean the terminals of the components to be soldered and the copper
side of PCB.
3. Mount/ insert the terminals of the components in the PCB. Observe
proper connection and polarity in mounting and double check with
the design made.
4. With the proper mounting of components, solder the components
accordingly.
Note: Active components must be mounted last and observe extra care.
5. Cut the excess terminals of the components.
6. Check the solder and spaces between solder joints and lines for
possible short circuit.
7. Test the circuit using the multi-tester.
8. Observe proper mounting of components according to standard.
Working area set with tools, instrument and materials needed in mounting and
soldering components of ac-dc power supply.
Mounting of components
61
SELF-CHECK 2.1
Mounting and Soldering Components of AC-DC Power Supply
Project
PCB Etching using the criteria below by checking on the appropriate
box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by
dividing each item by 5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of the six
criteria to get the final rating.
Points
Criteria Rating
5 4 3 2 1
Workmanship
Use of Tools
SPEED
House Keeping
Finished Design
Total
62
Followed the steps accordingly/ Less 1 point for every
Workmanship
missed procedure.
Used tools/ materials in right task/ Less 1 point for
Use of Tools
every misused.
Use of Personal Used PPE during the whole activity/ Less 1 point for
Protective Equipment every forgotten instances
SPEED
minutes delay
House Keeping
Neat and presentable output and / Less 1 point for
Finished Design
every unusual marks at the output
Rating System for Self-Check 2.1

96-100 Excellent
86-95 Very good
81-85 Good
75-80 Fair
70-74 Poor

VI. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read each statement carefully and write only the letter of the
best answer.
1. A tool used to join two our more metal parts by melting lead.
A. Screw Driver B. Soldering Iron
C. Long Nose Pliers D. Multitester
2. A device used to measure voltage, current and resistance.
A. Ammeter B. Long nose pliers
C. Multitester D. Screwdriver
3. A type of rectifier circuit which uses four diodes.
A. Half-Wave B. Full-Wave
C. Full-Wave Center Tapped D.Full-Wave Bridged
4. In PCB designing bigger space is required so that heat sink can be
installed, what design factor is being considered?
A. PCB size and shape.
B. Position of the terminal.
C. High Temperature Dissipation
D. Accessibility of Components.
E. Space for Bolt and Nut.
63
5. The removal of unnecessary portion or layer of conductive material of
PCB. A. Boring/Drilling B. Etching
C. Soldering D. Tracing
6-10. Draw the block diagram of a regulated power supply.

Suggested Scoring Rubrics
CRITERIA SCORE
Complete blocks and symbol with labels. 5
With only one block or symbol or label missing 4
With two blocks or two symbols or two labels or any two 3
combinations missing.
With three blocks or three symbols or three labels or any three 2
With four blocks or four symbols or four labels or any four 1
No drawing. 0
11-20. Explain the procedures in soldering and desoldering.

Suggested Scoring Rubrics
CRITERIA 5 3 2 1
Sequence and Some ideas Some signs
No idea or
transition of and sequence of and/or
ORGANIZATION unclear flow
ideas was may be change of
of ideas.
effective. improved. ideas.
Contained
some
Convincingly Inappropria
DETAILS appropriate Too general.
interpreted. te/off topic
details or
examples.
21-30. Performance Test. Perform Soldering and Desoldering.

CRITERIA 5 3 1
One to three For or more
All solders are
solders are not solders are not
Quality smooth, shiny and
smooth/shiny and smooth/shiny and
no sharp edges.
have sharp edges. have sharp edges.
Finished the task Finished the task
Unable to finish
Speed on or before the beyond the given
the task.
given time time.
64
QUARTER II TIME ALLOTMENT: 40 HOURS
LESSON: ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE CONSUMER ELECTRONIC

PRODUCT AND SYSTEM
_______________________________
_
I. INTRODUCTION:
This lesson contains learning activities in assembling and

disassembling power supply. For welfare of all, 5s and other safety
procedures are incorporated in the activities. Additionally, testing procedure
and proper documentation are specified in accordance with standard
operating procedure. There are forms to accomplish for proper
documentation. Safety practices are expected to be observed at all times.
Additionally, learning activities in inspection and testing of finished AC/DC
power supply are included. The student can review the previous Learning
Outcomes for reference purposes.
II. LO3: ASSEMBLE/ DISASSEMBLE BOARDS
 Perform assembling and disassembling processes

 Observe safety procedure in assembling and disassembling
boards
 Check assembled product in accordance with quality
standards

Directions: Read each statement carefully and select the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It refers to the graphical illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit
with the components represented by their symbols.
A. Block Diagram B. Pictorial Diagram
C. Schematic Diagram D. Wiring Diagram
65
2. It is a heating device that is used in joining wires and components with
the aid of lead. A. Flat-head screwdriver B. Philip screwdriver
C. Soldering iron D. Soldering iron stand
3. It is an auxiliary component that is used to select the state of the power
supply circuit to active and non-active state.
A. Selector switch B. Fuse
C. Power switch D. Personal protective equipment
4. What measuring instrument is used to measure AC or DC voltage?
A. Weighing scale B. Speedometer
C. Voltmeter D. Ohmmeter
5. It refers to a part of power supply that is used to select voltage output.
A. AC cord B. Power switch
C. Rotary switch D. Reset button
ACTIVITY SHEET 3.1
INTERCONNECTING AUXILIARY COMPONENTS OF
AC/DC POWER SUPPLY
Direction: Prepare/ check the materials, tools and instrument listed in the
resources. A schematic diagram is provided for your reference in
interconnecting the auxiliary components. You will be given one hour for
this activity. Follow the given instructions and your work will be graded
using the scoring rubrics 3.1.
Resources:
PCB of power supply with

soldered components
Soldering tools
Pliers
Screwdrivers
Auxiliary components
and chassis of power
supply
Working table set for assembling AC/DC Power Supply
66
If all are set, the students will do the following:
Mounting of Internal Parts of AC/DC Power Supply
1. Mount the auxiliary components on the chassis.

ON/ OFF switch/ Fuse holder with fuse/ AC plug with cord and
rubber grommet/ Selector switch with knob/ Neon lamp/ LED/
Transformer
2. Fit the PCB and transformer with nut and bolt (PCB must be
equipped with spacer).
3. Guided with schematic diagram, connect the PCB to all auxiliary
components. Observe polarity and safety at all times.
3.1 Primary winding/terminal of transformer (0v-220v) to
power cord equipped with fuse, switch and neon lamp.
3.2 Secondary windings (3v. 4.5v, 6v, 9v, and 12v) to
rotary switch (poles).
0v will be connected to one of the AC IN of rectifier circuit.
throw of the rotary switch to the other AC IN of the rectifier
circuit.
Observe proper sequence of voltages in doing this.
3.3 Connect the DC output wires with alligator clip.
Observe polarity.
3.4 Fix the output indicator (LED) accordingly.
4. Check the connections with an Ohmmeter.
5. Fix the mounting of all the components and make sure to use
rubber grommet/bushing for wires going out of the chassis.
6. Double check the connections.
7. Ask your teacher to inspect your work.
8. Plug-in your work and measure output voltages. Start reading
voltage from the full left turn of the rotary/ selector switch. The
voltage measured must increase as the selector turned right.
(around 3v, 4.5v, 6v, 9v, and 12v respectively).
67
Schematic Diagram of AC/DC Power Supply
Sample Orientation of Auxiliary Components and Internal Parts of AC/DC Power

Supply
68
Mounting of Components Sample finished project
SELF-CHECK 3.1
INTERCONNECTING AUXILIARY COMPONENTS OF AC/DC POWER
SUPPLY
Interconnecting Auxiliary Components of AD/DC Power Supply using
the rubrics below. Each criterion has indicators and corresponding
points that will guide you in rating your performance. Add the rating to
get your total score.
Criteria Rating
Workmanship
Accuracy
SPEED
House Keeping
Total

SCORING RUBRICS
CRITERIA SCORE
Workmanship 45 points
Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE and OHS 45
were observed while working.
Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were 40
observed but some OHS were ignored
Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were not 35
observed and some OHS were ignored
Tools were not used properly; PPE and OHS were observed 25
Some tools were not used properly; some PPE and OHS were ignored 15
Accuracy 45 points
69
Auxiliary components and PCB were mounted properly; Wires were 45
arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function; Output voltage
are in increasing order.
arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function; Output voltage
are not in order but of correct value.
arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) malfunction; Output
voltage is not of correct value.
Auxiliary components and PCB were mounted properly; Wires were not 25
voltage is not of correct value.
Auxiliary components and PCB were not mounted properly; Wires were not 15
arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) malfunction; Output is
not of correct value.
voltage are not achieved.
Speed 5 points
Finished task before time frame 5
Finished task 15 minutes after the time frame 4
Finished task 30 minutes after the time frame 3
Finished task 31 minutes and more 2
Housekeeping 5 points
The whole area was cleaned before and after the assembly 5
The whole area was dirty at the start but cleaned after the assembly 4
The whole area was cleaned before the assembly but left dirty after 3
The area was dirty before and after the assembly process 1
TOTAL 100%
Rating System
95- 100 Outstanding
80 - 94 Very Satisfactory
75 – 79 Satisfactory
74 and below Needs Improvement
IV. LO4: TEST and INSPECT ASSEMBLED PRODUCTS
• Test finished products in accordance with standard operating

procedure
• Document completed work
• Perform proper housekeeping
V. PRE/ DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

Directions: Read each statement and write the term being described in each
1. It is a set of TECHNIQUES providing standard approach to good
70
housekeeping within the school compound.
A. 5S B. Safety rules
C. Personal protective equipment D. Safety shoes
2. It is a component of 5s that refers to segregating useful from non-useful
items.
A. Sanitize B. Sort C. Sweep D. Systematize
3. It means to maintain a clean work place.
A. Sanitize B. Sort C. Sweep D. Systematize
4. It is one approach to practice sorting.
A. Disposal B. Procuring C. Recycling D. Cleaning
5. It refers to sustaining the first three S and allotting certain minutes to
maintain high standard of housekeeping.
A. Sanitize B. Sort C. Standardize D. Systematize
5S
5s is a set of techniques used in the industry that could provide

standard approach to good housekeeping within the school compound. In
industry, this can increase production, improves quality, reduces costs,
maximize and value the time, improves safety and morale to which could
also happen to school. Practicing 5s could make the school more conducive
place of learning and improves character of students as well.
Components of 5s
SORT : Identify and separate necessary items from the unnecessary by:
Segregating useful from non-useful items; Recycling items; Disposing
properly non-useful items (bio-degradable or non-biodegradable)
Procedures:
STEP 1: Look around your workplace with your colleagues. Discover
and identify items which are unnecessary to your work. Start with
a RED TAG CAMPAIGN. Decide the maximum number of any type
of item to be retained. Then dispose ALL unnecessary items.
STEP 2: A Disposal Notice with a date can be done to an item that
you cannot decide if it is necessary or not, and set the item aside.
After a period of time, check if no one needed the item. If no one
needed the item, disposal can be done.
Supplemental multimedia online resource:

Youtube:5S – Sort
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=063muGMJ3ME&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB
Date obtained: October 9, 2013
SYSTEMATIZE: Neat placement and identification of needed items by:

Studying the use of items and the frequency of their use; Considering
71
space or location for storing the things needed to be kept and to be
disposed; Making safety the priority.
Procedures:
STEP 1: Make sure that all unnecessary items are eliminated from your
workplace. Then think of what things should be put where, taking
into account the flow of your work.
STEP 2: Put most frequently needed items close to the user, so as to
minimize the movement of the person. Things which are not so often
used could be placed slightly further away.
You can make a plan with your colleagues based on these principles and
locate things accordingly.
STEP 3
Make sure that everyone at your home/workplace knows what are kept
were for efficient use.
Make a list of things with their locations and put it on lockers/cabinets.
Label each drawer/cupboard to show what is kept inside.

Youtube:5S – Set in Order
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6H_OZJH8LT4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB
SWEEP: Maintaining a clean work place; arranging things in order; Placing

proper labels or tags.
 Start from the top
 Clean as you work
 Smell unusual odors
 Observe unusual movements
 Clean with inspection
 Choose a 5S Day.
 Never throw anything and make it your habit.
 Learn to pick-up tiny pieces of waste around you.
 Clean as you go.

Youtube:5S – Shine
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubICf9bgXHc&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB
STANDARDIZE: Standardize clean-up activities by:

Sustaining five-minute daily clean up habit; Keeping a balance between
personal cleanliness and the cleanliness of the environment; Avoiding
littering; Learning to pick-up tiny pieces of waste around; Maintain high
standard of housekeeping or equipment cleaning and checking
procedures.
72
Youtube:5S – Standardize
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mwx0fhza4i4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB
SELF-DISCIPLINE
Instilling the ability of doing things the way they are supposed to be
done; Becoming a role model by treating your school as your second
home; Influencing others to join in keeping a well-maintained study
area; Aiming for constant improvement; Do things spontaneously
without being told or ordered is to make everyone practice 4S
WILLINGLY and spontaneously as a habit or way of life. There is no
other way to foster such culture than practicing 4S regularly
until such time when everyone becomes FOND of 5S. Self-discipline
is a good tradition.
The following must be emphasized to create and motivate all students

to practice this 5s:
 Treat the School as your (own) second home.
 You are spending more of your ‘waking time’ in school than at home.
 Your school is an important place where you acquire knowledge and
skills needed in life.

Youtube:5S – Sustain
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlYI9cLuCz4&list=PLF5F14A2C245E70EB
SELF-CHECK 4.1
5S
Direction: Read each statement and write the term being described in each
1. It is a set of techniques that could provide standard approach to good

housekeeping within the school compound.
2. It is a component of 5s that refers to segregating useful from non-useful
items.
3. It means to maintain a clean work place.
4. It is done by studying the use of items and the frequency of their use.
5. It refers to doing things spontaneously without being told or ordered.
6. It is done by maintaining a regular practice of the first 3s.
7. It is one approach to practice sorting.
8. Identification is one way of showing systematic approach in a workplace
that is done through _________.
73
9-10. It must be emphasized that your school is an important place where
you can acquire these two things.
ACTIVITY SHEET 4.1

Practicing 5s
Directions: Provided with necessary information, the students will be

grouped into four. Each group will be given an area to which they will
practice or apply the principle of 5s. They will be given fifteen minutes for
this activity. A student write-up will be submitted after the time allotment
to which, they can suggest activities in order to implement 5s in the
school. (This activity can be applied for a daily routinary activity and
teacher will rate each group prior to the principle of 5s).Your group will be
rated using the assessment checklist 4.1.
Resources:
5s principles
Activity sheet (Student write-up)
Designated area for each group
SELF-CHECK 4.1
5s
Directions: Rate yourself on how competent you have applied the skill in 5s
using the criteria below by checking on the appropriate box (points 1 to
5, 5 being the highest). Compute for the rating by dividing each item by
5, multiply by 100. Average the rating of the five criteria to get the final
rating. A deduction of 1 for everything missed.
74
Rating
5 4 3 2 1
Arrange the items in the assigned work
Sorting
area
The materials/ things in the area was
Systematize properly labeled and in proper
sequence
The area was clean (floor/ ceilings/ all
Sanitize
things free from dirt/ dust/ moisture)
Finished within the time/ Less 1 point
Speed
for every five minutes delay
Workmanship Group cooperation was observed

Rating System
Score in Percent Descriptive Grade
95% - 100% Outstanding
80% - 94% Very Satisfactory
75% - 79% Satisfactory
74% and below Needs Improvement
ACTIVITY SHEET 4.2

TESTING THE FINISHED AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
Directions: Provided with necessary tools and instrument, the student will
now test the finished power supply in accordance with quality standards.
Follow the procedures given to finish this job.
Resources:
Finished Power Supply
Measuring Instrument (Multitester)
Activity sheets
Schematic Diagram
Procedure in Testing the Finished Power Supply
1. Inspect the mounting of the PCB, transformer, rotary switch, and other
auxiliary components if it is fixed properly.
2. Check the connection of wires for good solder and proper connection in
accordance with the schematic diagram.
3. With the use of multitester (set at range X 1), check the resistance from
the AC plug (switched “ON” and “OFF”) and the resistance at the alligator
clip (rotating the selector switch). It is a must that no short circuit reading
75
will be encountered. If this happen, do not attempt to energize your
project until the problem is solved.
4. If everything is good, plug the unit to AC outlet, make sure that the power
swith is in “OFF” position first.
5. Turn the power switch “ON”, the neon lamp and LED must light.
6. Rotate the selector switch and stop at its full left turn.
7. Measure the output voltage:
7.1 Set the multitester at range setting 50 V DC (the assumed
maximum voltage is around twelve volts)
7.2 Connect the test probe to the alligator clip observing the polarity.
7.3 Read the voltage at the full left then record it, then rotate the
selector once to the right, then read again until to the last set of
the selector.
8. For reference purpose, measure the supply AC voltage at the primary and
the secondary voltage. Record the readings.
Note: ensure meter is set to AC. Observe safety when measuring AC voltage.
9. Fill Table 4.1 (Reference Voltage Measurement) with the measured voltage
at the primary and output terminals for future references.
10. If necessary, take a picture of the finished AC/DC Power Supply for
documentation purposes. Keep the design with the schematic diagram
and the reference voltages for future use.
11. Practice the principle of 5s at all times.
Table 4.2 Reference Voltage Measurement

AC/DC Power Supply
Name:
Date Performed:
Voltage Position Setting range Measured Voltage

1
2
DC
3 50 V DC
4
5
0v to 3v
0v to 4.5v
Secondary 0v to 6v 50 V AC
AC
0v to 9v
0v to 12v
Primary 0v to 220v 220 V AC
Note: Position 1 is set at the full left of the selector switch.
76
SELF-CHECK 4.2
TESTING THE FINISHED AC-DC POWER SUPPLY
testing the finished AC-DC power supply using the criteria below by
checking on the appropriate box (points 1 to 5, 5 being the highest).
Compute for the rating by multiplying the score by the corresponding
percentage of every criterion. Add the four ratings to get the final
rating.
Score
Criteria % Rating
5 4 3 2 1
Workmanship 45
Accuracy 45
SPEED 5
House Keeping 5
Total 100

SCORING RUBRICS
SCORE
CRITERIA
Workmanship 45%
1. Conduct continuity test accordingly before energizing the unit; Followed 5
the Procedure.
2. Conduct continuity test on higher setting range before energizing the unit; 4
Followed the procedure .
3. Conduct continuity test accordingly before energizing the unit; Disregard 3
the testing procedure.
4. Conduct continuity test on higher setting range before energizing the unit; 2
Followed the testing procedure .
5. Do not conduct continuity test and disregard the testing procedure. 1
Accuracy 45%
1. Measured proper sequence of voltages using appropriate setting range. 5
2. Measured proper sequence of voltages using one setting range. 4
3. Measured proper sequence of voltages using inappropriate setting range. 3
4. Measured output voltages in random using one setting range. 2
5. Measured output voltages in random using inappropriate setting range. 1
Speed 5%
1. Finished task before time frame (ten minutes time allotment) 5
2. Finished task 3 minutes after the time frame 4
3. Finished task 5 minutes after the time frame 3
77
4. Finished task 15 minutes and more 2
Housekeeping 5%
1. The whole area was cleaned before and after the activity 5
2. The whole area was cleaned before the activity but dirty after 4
3. The whole area was dirty at the start but cleaned after 3
4. The area was dirty before and after the activity. 2
Rating System
Score in Percent Descriptive Grade
95% - 100% Outstanding
80% - 94% Very Satisfactory
75% - 79% Satisfactory
74% and below Needs Improvement
VI. Summative Assessment
I. Direction. Identify what component of 5S the following are:
1. Neat placement and identification of needed items by studying the use of

items and the frequency of their use.
2. Identify and separate necessary items from the unnecessary by
segregating useful from non-useful items.
3. Instilling the ability of doing things the way they are supposed to be done.
4. Maintaining a clean work place.
5. Maintain high standard of housekeeping or equipment cleaning and
checking procedures.
II. Multiple Choice. Write only the letter of the best answer.
6. Which of the following is an example of auxiliary component of power

supply? A. Filter Capacitor B. Light Emitting Diode
C. Rectifier Diode D. Resistor
7. Uses standardized symbols for components and connections.
A. Block Diagram B. Pictorial Diagram
C. Schematic Diagram D. Wiring Diagram
8. In measuring output voltage it is highly advised to set the initial voltmeter
range setting ___ assumed voltage.
78
A. Exact to B. Higher than C. Lower than D. Off
9. Do not turn-on your device in checking this.
A. Current B. Resistance C. Voltage D. All of the above
10. Part of power supply that is used to choose desired voltage.
A. Power Switch B. Reset Switch
C. Selector Switch D. All of the above
III. Direction. Arrange the following procedures in assembling power supply

by writing numbers 1-8 on the space provided for where 1 is the first step
and 8 as the last.(10 pts)
CRITERIA AND EQUIVALENT POINT
10- All procedures in their correct places/sequences.

9-At least one procedure is omitted/repeated or not in its correct
place/order.
8 - At least two procedures are omitted/repeated or not in correct
places/order.
7- At least three procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct
places/order.
5- At least four procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct
places/order.
3-At least five procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct
places/order.
2-At least six procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct
places/order.
1-At least seven procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct
places/order.
0-All procedures are omitted/repeated or not in their correct places/order.
_____Check the connections with an Ohmmeter.
_____Plug your work and measure output voltages.
_____Mount the auxiliary components on the chassis.
_____Guided with schematic diagram, connect the PCB to all auxiliary
components.
_____Double check the connections.
_____Fit the PCB and transformer with nut and bolt.
_____Fix the mounting of all the components and make sure to use rubber
bushing for wires going out of the chassis.
_____Ask your teacher to inspect your work.
IV. Performance Test.

A. Interconnecting Auxiliary Components of Power Supply (10 pts)
Directions: Prepare/ check the materials, tools and instrument listed in the
resources. A schematic diagram is provided for your reference in
interconnecting the auxiliary components. You will be given one hour for
this activity. Follow the given instructions and your work will be graded
using the following scoring rubrics.
79
SCORING RUBRICS FOR Interconnecting Auxiliary Components of AC/DC
Power Supply
CRITERIA SCORE
Workmanship
Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE and OHS 5
were observed while working.
Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were 4
observed but some OHS were ignored
Proper tools were used according to their function; PPE were not 3
observed and some OHS were ignored
Tools were not used properly; PPE and OHS were observed 2
Some tools were not used properly; some PPE and OHS were ignored 1
Accuracy
arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function; Output
voltage are achieved.
arranged accordingly; Indicator light (AC and DC) function or
malfunctions; Output voltage are not in order.
Auxiliary components and PCB were mounted properly; Wires were not 2
TOTAL 10
Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates The learner independently
understanding of the concepts in maintains and repairs appliances
maintaining and repairing appliances with motor and with heating
with motor and with heating element: element:
1. blender 1. blender
2. electric fan 2. electric fan
QUARTER III TIME ALLOTMENT: 40 HOUR
LESSON: MAINTAIN AND REPAIR ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES
_______________________________
I. INTRODUCTION:
80
This module consists of four (4) learning outcomes that will lead you in
maintaining and repairing electronically-controlled domestic appliance
(blender and electric fan). Each learning outcome contains information and
learning activities supported by self-check. Before you perform the
instructions, read the information sheets and answer the self-check and
activities provided to ascertain to yourself and your teacher that you have
acquired the knowledge necessary to perform the skill portion of the
particular learning outcome. Procedure in pre-testing Electronically-
Controlled Electric Fan (ECEF) and Blender are included to address the
requirements to complete the lesson.
II. LO1: PREPARE UNIT, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND WORKPLACE

FOR MAINTENANCE/ REPAIR
 Prepare necessary tools, test instrument and personal protective

equipment in line with job requirements
 Acquire service manuals and service information required for repair/
maintenance as manufacturer’s specifications
 Conduct complete check-up of electronically-controlled domestic
appliances
 Document the identified defects based on check-up conducted
I. Directions: Read each statement carefully and select the term being asked
in the options given. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. It refers to the appliances usually used at home like microwave oven,

blender, washing machine, flat iron, etc.
A. Commercial appliances B. Domestic appliances
C. Industrial appliances D. Internal appliances
2. It is a device that opens the electrical circuit after a predetermined period
of time elapses.
A. Non-electrical components B. On/Off switch
C. Thermistor D. Timer
3. It is used to designate the operating and the inoperative state of a device
or unit.
A. Non-electrical components B. On/Off switch
C. Thermistor D. Timer
81
4. It is a motorized small appliance that mixes together, chops, and grates
food. A. Blender B. Jar C. Latch switch D. Lamp
5. It is made of glass, plastic, or stainless steel and often has graduated
markings for approximate measuring purposes.
A. Blender B. Jar C. Latch switch D. Lamp
6. It is the amount of voltage and frequency available at our convenience
outlet.
A. 110vAC/50Hz B. 110vAC/60Hz
C. 220vAC/ 50Hz D. 220vAC/ 60Hz
7. It is a push button switch that controls the operation of the
electric fan by hand.
A. Manual control B. Power controller
C. Remote control D. Timer
8. A low reactance capacitor connected in series with the start winding
of an electric fan.
A. Filter capacitor B. Blocking capacitor
C. Starting capacitor D. Coupling capacitor
9. It is a part of the blender where the container rests upon which contains
a motor for turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface.
A. Base B. Lid C. Jar D. Power cord
10. It is an electronic switching circuit driven by a command by
means of soft-touch switch system or from a remote command.
A. Comparator B. Manual Control
C. Power Controller D. Switch Box

TOOLS AND MATERIALS IN MAINTAINING ELECTRONICALLY-
CONTROLLED DOMESTIC APPLIANCE
In every electronic work, it is a must to prepare first the necessary

tools, materials, and equipment needed as well as the information. The
following list of tools, materials, and equipment are needed in
maintaining and repairing electronically-controlled domestic appliance:
Name Actual Picture
Soldering tools:
Soldering iron
Soldering lead
Desoldering tool
Soldering stand
Screwdriver
82
Flat head
Philip
Pliers
Diagonal cutting pliers
Long nose pliers
Wire stripper
Utility knife
Multitester/ Volt-Ohm-
Milliammeter (VOM)
Analog
PPE
EDS wrist strap
Mask
Apron
Non-static brush
Cable tie
Combination wrench
Adjustable plier

OPERATION OF AN ELECTRIC FAN, PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
Operation of an electric fan
Electric Fan is an air moving machine used to cool with an AC

motor connected to the 60 Hz power source which converts electrical
energy to mechanical energy in order to generate a moving air. It is a
power driven machine capable of providing high air flow parallel to the
axis of the motor shaft where an axially mounted impeller or fan blade
agitates the air. The air velocity/delivery of the electric fan is
controlled by a mechanical speed selector switch for old models and
83
electronically controlled speed selector switch for new models. Timer is
also included for fully automatic operations.
PARTS OF AN ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN

(Stand Fan)
 Front Guard. It is a protective metal mesh wire used to prevent

the fan blade from any physical contact with foreign objects.
 Guard Mark. It is a logo of the manufacturer of the electric fan
which is mounted at the center of the front guard.
 Switch Box . It is a panel board for the controls of the electric
fan.
 Inner Pipe. It is a metal tube inserted into the outer tube
intended for the proper height adjustment of the electric fan.
 Outer Pipe. It is a metal tube attached to the base stand of the
electric fan.
 Base Stand. It is the bottom or lowest part of the electric fan
where it stands on and serves as a foundation.
 Blade. It is a propeller made out of plastic or metal attached to
the motor shaft which agitates air when the motor rotates.
 Remote Control.It is a transmitter device used to control the
electric fan from a distance.
84
Exploded view of Electric Fan (upper part)
(Source: SEALEY POWER PRODUCTS www.sealey.co.uk)
Disassembled Motor Housing of an Orbit Fan
85
Block Diagram of Electronically-Controlled Electric Fan (ECEF)
 Power Controller. It is an electronic switching circuit

driven by a command by means of soft-touch switch system
or from a remote command.
 Sensor. It is the input receiver that detects input signal
coming from remote control.
 Manual Control. It is a push button switch that controls
manually the operation of the electric fan.
 Non-polarized Capacitor. A low reactance non-polar
capacitor connected in series with the start winding of an
electric fan.
 Timer. It is used to switch on or switch off automatically
with predetermined time.
 Comparator. It is a processing circuit that accepts the
input signal coming from remote control, manual switch, or
timer switch. This circuit provides the triggering voltage to
the power controller.
 AC Motor. It is a rotating electric machine which changes
applied electrical energy or power into mechanical output
energy or power.
 AC Plug. It is a connector intended for connecting to the
main source 220 V.
86
SELF-CHECK 1.2
PARTS OF ELECTRIC FAN
Directions: Identify the parts/block of electronically-controlled

electric fan indicated by number. Write your answer in your answer
sheet. Do not write anything in this module.
I. Stand Fan II. Block Diagram
87
III. Exploded View (upper part)

BLENDER
A blender is…
 a motorized small kitchen
appliance that blends, chops,
and grates food.
 a handy electrical gadget that
makes chopping and mixing
food easier.
 a liquidizer or kitchen appliance
used to mix ingredients or make
puree.
 a stationary, upright electrical
device which is distinguished
from a hand-powered or electric
88
mixer that may be used for similar
purposes.
How a blender operates
A blade inside a jar is connected to a motor shaft inside the unit. The
blade speed is controlled by varying electric current at the motor using one
or more switches.
Blenders are used both at home and commercial kitchens for various
purposes:
 to crush ice in drinks;
 to make smooth purées of semi-solid ingredients such as
cooked vegetables and meat;
 to reduce small solids such as spices and seeds to powder
or nut butters;
 to blend mixtures of powders, granules, and/or liquids
thoroughly; and
 to help dissolve solid into liquid.
Parts of a blender
89
Parts and Functions of a Blender
 Blending container (jar) is made of glass, plastic, or stainless

steel, and often has graduated markings for approximate
measuring purposes.
 Lid is at the top of the container in order to prevent ingredients
from spill out during operation. The fill cap is a removable insert
that allows more items to be added to the jar without removing the
entire lid.
 Blade assembly is located at the bottom which could be removed
for cleaning purposes. In cases where the blades are removable,
the container should have an “o-ring” between the body of the
container and the base to seal both and prevent the contents from
leaking.
 Base is where the container rests upon which contains a motor for
turning the blade assembly and has controls on its surface.
90
 Selector switch is used to control the speed of the motor. It
comes in different speed. Modern blenders offer a number of
possible speeds.
 The power train of a blender (motor). Is a fan-cooled electric
motor which is secured into the housing by way of vibration
dampeners and a small output shaft penetrates the upper housing
and meshes with the blade assembly.
Parts of a Blender
(Philips Domestic Appliances-Blender HR 1754)
Part Part
Part Name Part Name
No. No.
1 Panel 8 Motor
2 Drive Coupling 9 Bottom
3 Safety Switch 10 Stud
4 Housing 11 Safety Lid
5 3-Speed Switch 12 Jar Lid
6 Flex 13 Jar Assembly
7 Motor Cushion 14 Fruit/ Soybean Filter
91
14
Exploded view of disassembled blender

(Philips Domestic Appliances-Blender HR 1754)
Schematic and Wiring Diagram of a Blender
92
Source: Philips Domestic Appliances and Personal Care/ Blender/ Service Manual
SELF CHECK 1.3

Blender
A. Identify the part of blender that is being described. Write your answers in
a separate sheet of paper.
1. A handy electrical device/domestic appliance that makes chopping

and mixing food easier.
2. A part of a blender which is made of glass or plastic with graduated
marking for approximate measuring purposes.
3. It is secured into the housing by way of vibrating dampeners, with
a small output shaft penetrating the upper housing and meshing
with the blade assembly.
4. It is a part of a blender which prevents ingredients from spill out
during operation.
5. It contains a motor for turning the blade assembly and has
93
controls on its surface.
6-7 Two applications or uses of a blender.
B. Identify the parts of blender (Philips Domestic Appliances-Blender HR 1754)

as numbered.
8-15.
ACTIVITY 1.1
RECEIVING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED DOMESTIC
APPLIANCE FOR MAINTAIN/ REPAIR
Directions: Provided with the defective Domestic Appliance (1 electric fan/ 1

blender), use maintain and repair FORM to gather and document the
information about the appliance at hand. Follow the procedures below:
Resources:
Domestic appliance: Electric Fan or Blender
(preferably electronically-controlled)
Maintain and repair form
1. Conduct an initial interview to the owner of the appliance.

* Ask what the problem is.
94
* Request for the details of the problem (how does it happen/
since when/ nature of the problem)
2. As serviceman, you must realize the problem/ complain.
3. Make an initial inspection/ testing of the appliance.
*Physical appearance
*Operating controls
*Power cord
4. Formulate initial diagnosis regarding the problem.
5. Take note of the information gathered and observed.
6. Impart the diagnosis to the owner.
7. Accomplish Maintain and Repair form.
Maintain and Repair Form
Customer’s name: ________________________________________________________

Address:__________________________________________________________________
Product/ Brand name:____________________________________________________
Serial no:_________________________________________________________________
Complain:________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Condition/ Remarks: _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Comments/ initial diagnosis:______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Customer’s Signature: ____________________________________________________
Student technician signature:______________________________________________
Date: _______________________
SELF-CHECK CHECK 1.1

RECEIVING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED DOMESTIC
APPLIANCE FOR MAINTAIN/ REPAIR
Directions: Read the questions and answer by checking the appropriate

box.
Did you collect the : YES NO
1. name and address of the owner?
2. product/ brand/ name and serial number?
3. complain and the remarks/ condition of the appliance?

4. confirm the complain?
95
5. relay your diagnosis to the owner?
5 Yes Remarks 4 Yes Remarks

Excellent Very Satisfactory
3 Yes Remarks 1-2 Yes Remarks

Satisfactory Needs Improvement
Student’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________

Teacher’s Signature______________________ Date: ______________
IV. LO2: DIAGNOSE FAULTS OF ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED

DOMESTIC APPLIANCES
 Observe systematic pre-testing procedure in accordance with

manufacturer’s instructions
 Check and isolate circuits using specified testing procedure
 Document results of diagnosis and testing accurately and completely
within the specified timeframe
 Explain identified defects based on the result of diagnosis and testing
 Provide data/ information regarding the status and serviceability of
the unit as per procedure
V. PRE/DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT
96
I. Read statement below and give possible problem/ defect it can cause.
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Defective rotor (end bents).

2. Inadequate lubricant with accumulated dirt.
3. Loose guard mark screw and worn out shaft washers.
4. Defective switch or electronic system control.
5. Defective stator.
6. It is necessary in testing “on board components.
7. There is a foreign material between cutter and base assembly.
8. Continuous operation of the blender.
9. Lid gasket not properly set.
10. Too much ingredients.

Procedure and Techniques in Troubleshooting an Electronically-
Controlled Domestic Appliance
Electric Fan (ECEF)/ Blender
For complete detailed information of domestic appliance, a service

manual must be provided for every brand/ model/ type. However, you can
use the information that follows as guide as you diagnose faults and test
parts of ECEF and blender.
Troubleshooting Guide
1. Conduct a quick diagnosis of the trouble symptom and repair the

defective set in the shortest possible time. Do not troubleshoot an
97
electric fan/ blender unless you have determined the fault. Trace the
fault from the mechanical section or electrical circuit section.
2. When troubleshooting integrated circuits (ICs) in the
electrical/electronic circuit section, do not remove the IC from the
PCB. Secure a circuit diagram from the manufacturer to help you
identify the function of the IC. Consider the pin out of the IC.
3. When troubleshooting in the electrical/ electronic circuit section,
prior to pre-testing, consider voltage measurement on components
first before removing it for testing. If the measured voltage is normal,
the component might be the cause of the problem. Either way, if the
measured voltage is not normal (increased or decreased) the
preceding circuit/ components might be the cause.
4. If the trouble symptom is caused by aging components, the defective
component is usually one of them. However, in high-power-handling
circuits, a defective component may cause other components to
malfunction.
5. Be familiar with the usual defects of components. (e.g. capacitors
usually become leaky, shorted or open/ resistor increase their
resistance when they become defective/ semi-conductors such as
transistors usually become open or shorted)
6. Don’t replace an opened fuse or burned resistor unless you have
corrected the trouble.
7. Always suspect a faulty contact on mechanical switch circuit rather
than defective electronic components.
8. When measuring resistance in the circuit, make sure that the circuit if
OFF and power is not being supplied in the circuit, and that stored
charges in capacitors are properly discharged. Failure to do so can
damage the volt-ohm-milliameter (VOM) and the circuit due to the low
resistance of the ohmmeter.
9. While using a VOM for in-circuit resistance measurement, always
exchange the setting of positive and negative probes. Take the higher
meter reading with the approximate resistance.
10. Use soldering irons with the proper power rating to prevent the
components and the circuit board from being overheated and
damaged. Soldering iron tips should be cleaned and preferably slim.
11. Use proper tools and soldering aids when troubleshooting PCB.
Ground the soldering iron to avoid damaging ICs and transistors.
12. Dry solder joints are hard to detect. However, when they are found or
suspected, remove the components from the PCB; then, file or clean
the leads and solder the joints back.
Reheating dry joints with a new soldering lead is another remedy.
When re-soldering, make sure you do not overheat the components.
Overheating the PCB may cause the copper layer on it to warp and
peel off.
13. USE Personal Protective Equipment.
98
ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN
A. Mechanical faults
PROBLEM/SYMPTOMS CHECKS TO BE MADE SYSTEM DEFECTS/FAULTS
A. Check the bent shaft. Defective rotor

1. Doesn’t rotate Defective rotor and end
B. Verify if the shaft is seized.
bent
2. Can’t rotate A. Check if the motor is binding
Defective motor
automatically up.
A. Check if the shaft is slightly
Defective rotor
bent.
Defective rotor Inadequate
3. Slow rotation B. Check for an oiling and dirt
lubricant with accumulated
build up.
dirt
C. Verify if oil is sufficient. Poor lubrication
Defective yoke or motor
A. Check for any worn bearing.
metal cover
B. Check for a loose guard mark . Loose guard mark screw
C. Check loose guard fitter. Loosen guard mark fitter
D. Check for an improperly
Defective fan blade
balanced blade or broken blade.
E. Check for a loose spinner Loosen spinner
F. Check if there is too much front Worn out shaft washers
4. Noisy operation to back play in the motor shaft.
G. Check for an oil and dirt build Poor lubrication with
up. accumulated dirt
H. Check if oil is sufficient. Inadequate lubricant
I. Check for any improper Misaligned front and rear
mounting of the front and or rear guards
guard.
J. Check if there are loose screws. Loosen screws (loose)
K. Check for rotor rubbing against Misaligned and dirt build-
housing insulation or wiring. up in the rotor
5. No oscillation or A. Check for a broken, stripped or Defective clutch assembly
unsteady oscillation bent part in the clutch or knee or knee joint system
joint system.
B. Check for a slippage or wear of Defective worm wheel
worm wheel.
C. Check for a disengagement of Loosen clutch cover
clutch cover.
99
D. Check for a detached oscillating Loosen oscillating rod set
rod set screw. screw
E. Check for a broken oscillating Defective knee joint upper
rod pin. part assembly
F. Check for a disengaged and Loosen gear set screw
loose gear set screw.
G. Check for a bent oscillating rod. Defective oscillating rod
H. Check for a disengaged and Defective clutch shaft
loose clutch ball.
I. Check for a bent yoke (frame) Defective yoke shaft
shaft.
J. Check for a worn rotor shaft Defective rotor
worm.
6. Imperfect oscillation A. Check for a tight operation of Defective oscillating switch
(clutch lever system) oscillation switch.
B. Check for an excessively high Misaligned fitting in the
outer wire position. high outlet wire position
C. Check for a loosen outer wire Loosen outlet wire set
set screw. screw
7. Unsteady oscillation A. Check for a worm wheel. Defective worm gear
B. Check for an excessive thrust. Misaligned thrust
C. Check for a bent yoke (frame) Defective shaft
shaft.
D. Check for a loosened oscillating Loosen set pin and calk pin
rod set pin.
E. Check for a loosened oscillating Loosen rod set screws calk
rod screw. screws
F. Check for an excessive Defective oscillating rod
oscillating rod bore.
G. Check for a worm gear shaft Defective cover
metal.
H. Check for a disengaged gear set Loosen gear set screws
screws.
I. Check for an excessive gear Misaligned thrust
thrust
8. Unsteady or A. Check for a clogging of free stop Misaligned bushing
imperfect vertical bushing.
movement
B. Electrical faults
CHECKS TO BE SYSTEM
PROBLEM/SYMPTOMS
MADE DEFECTS/FAULTS
1. Doesn’t rotate A. Check for an open
Defective stator
stator.
B. Check for an open Defective wiring/AC cord
AC cord or wiring.
100
C. Check for an open
Defective fuse
AC line fuse.
D. Check for an open
thermal cut-off (inside Defective thermal cut-off
the motor).
Defective
E. Check for an open
switch/electronic system
speed selector switch.
control
F. Check for a
Defective module(system
defective system
control)
control.
A. Check for a shorted
2. Starts to rotate only Defective capacitor
capacitor.
by manual turning of
B. Check for an open
the shaft Defective stator
start winding.
C. Possible faults and corresponding remedies
CORRESPONDING
TROUBLE POSSIBLE FAULTS
REMEDIES
Replace the motor
Bent shaft
assembly.
Open switch Replace the switch.
Rotation
Shaft is seized Replace rotor and end bell.
Replace the motor
Doesn’t Open stator
assembly.
Rotate
Repair or replace the
Open AC cord or wiring
defective component.
Rotation Repair the lead wire to
Open start winding
winding or replace stator.
Starts to Shorted capacitor Replace the capacitor.
rotate only
by manual
Motor is binding up
turning of
the shaft.
Replace the motor
Bent shaft
Rotation assembly.
Rotation is Oil and dirt buildup Clean and lubricate.
Slow Lack of oil Lubricate
Replace the yoke or its
Worn bearing
Noise cover.
Noisy Fasten the guard mark
Loose guard mark
screw.
Loose guard fitter Tighten the guard filter.
Imbalanced or broken blade Replace the blade.
Loose spinner Tighten the loosen spinner.
101
Too much front to back play Adjust by adding shaft
in the motor shaft washers.
Oil and dirt buildup Clean and lubricate.
Lacks of oil Lubricate the screws.
Improper mounting of the
Re – adjust the screws.
front and/or rear guard
Loose screws Tighten the screw.
Disassemble, clean, and
Rotor rubbing against
adjust the rotor if
housing insulation or wiring
necessary.
Oscillation
No
Broken, stripped or bent part Inspect, repair, and replace
oscillation or
in clutch or knee joint system parts if necessary.
unsteady
oscillation
Slippage or wear of the worn
Replace the worm wheel.
wheel
Disengagement of the clutch
Tighten the clutch cover.
cover
Disengaged rod set screw Tighten the screw.
Replace the knee-joint
Broken rod set pin
upper part assembly.
Automatic oscillation Disengaged and loose gear
system Tighten the screw.
set screw
Bent rod Adjust or replace the rod.
Non-oscillation Disengaged and loose clutch
Replace the clutch shaft.
ball
Bent yoke (frame) shaft Adjust or replace the shaft.
Adjust or disassemble and
Poor gear rotation
clean.
Worn rotor shaft worm Replace the rotor.
Automatic oscillation Tight operation of oscillation Replace the oscillation
system switch switch.
Imperfect Excessively high outer-wire
Adjust fitting.
oscillation position
(clutch lever
Loose outer-wire set screw Tighten the screw.
system)
Worn worm wheel Replace the worn wheel.
Automatic oscillation Excessive thrust Adjust the thrust.

system
Bent yoke (frame) shaft Adjust the shaft.
Unsteady
oscillation Loosen rod set pin Tighten the pin.
102
Loosen rod set screw Tighten the screw.
Excessive rod bore Replace the rod.
Worm gear shaft metal Replace the cover.
Disengaged gear set screw Tighten the screw.

Adjust the thrust with the
Excessive gear thrust
washer.
Height adjustment of
standing fan
Unsteady or
Clogged of free stop bushing Adjust the bushing.
imperfect
vertical
movement
External appearance Scratch Touch up with a lacquer.
Scratch, stain or Wipe off with a cloth, soap
breakage Dirt
and water.
BLENDER
Faults and Trouble of a Blender
If … Possible Cause Remedy

Unit cannot be turned Is the jar set properly? Turn the jar until it
on. stops.
Unit stops operation. Is the lid set properly? Push the lid down
completely
Unit does not operate Is the plug connected Plug-in properly.
when turned on. properly?
Aren’t ingredients Remove all the
stuck? ingredients once and
put them back in the
jar.
Unit stops operation Is circuit breaker Follow the instruction
during use. protection active? for circuit breaker
-Too much ingredients. protection.
-Hard ingredients.
-Unit makes too much
sound or vibration.
Ingredients leak from Is the lid gasket set? Set the lid gasket
top. properly.
Possible Faults and Corresponding Remedies of the Blender
103
TROUBLE CAUSE INSPECTION REMEDY
Refer to
1. Overload (with operating
solids or highly instruction.
viscous
Check the
ingredient)
smoothness of the
Explain to
Motor Overheats motor shaft by
Motor is customer that
rotating with hand.
continuously mixer should
operated for more be operated
than thirty only for thirty
minutes. minutes.
Using multimeter,
check continuity.
Using multimeter
Replace
Circuit breaker check Resistance as
Circuit breaker circuit
does not work below
failure. breaker
and motor a) black to red -20Ω
Motor burnt. Replace the
burns. b) black to blue- 22
motor
Ω
c. Black to Yellow-
24 Ω
Replace the
Circuit breaker Circuit breaker is Check continuity
circuit
does not restore open with multimeter
breaker.
Upper worn out
Replace upper
connector
Visual connector
Lower worn out
Replace lower
Blade is not connector
Visual connector
rotating. Foreign materials
Clean the
is between cutter
Visual cutter base
and base
assembly
assembly
SELF-CHECK 2.1
Procedure and Techniques in Troubleshooting an Electronically-
Controlled Domestic Appliance ECEF/ Blender
104
Directions: On a separate sheet paper, state the problem/ symptoms of the
fault/ defects given in each number.
1. Defective rotor or end bents.

2. Inadequate lubricant with accumulated dirt.
3. Loose guard mark screw and worn out shaft washers.
4. Defective switch or electronic system control.
5. Defective stator.
6. Broken rod set pin.
7. Jar not properly set.
8. Too much or hard ingredients.
9. Lid gasket not properly set.
10. Upper worn out connector.
11-15: State at least five troubleshooting guide.
ACTIVITY SHEET 2.1

PRE-TESTING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN
Resources:
Service manual of ECEF
Electric fan (functional and defective)
Activity sheet/ record sheet
Tools and Equipment Needed in Troubleshooting
Pliers
Mechanical pliers
Long nose pliers
Side-cutting pliers
Driving tools
Wrench (combination)
Set of Philip screw drivers
Set of standard (flat) screw drivers
Volt-Ohm Milliammeter
Cleaning materials
PPE
Directions: Provided with the resources, perform the procedures in pre-

testing an ECEF. Consider the precautionary measures given in doing
this activity. Provide a work report/write-up after completing the task.
Copy and fill-up the given format on a sheet of paper.
Procedure in Pre-Testing an ECEF
1. Determine the specific problem.
105
a. Ask the owner/operator of the electric fan of what is the
problem/ complain.
b. Request for the detail of the problem (how the problem do
happen and how long it has been observed).
2. Make sure that you know how to operate an ECEF. If not, review the
operating manual as well as service manual (if available) of the unit
prior to its testing and operation
a. If you have worked on the same unit before, test out to see if it
operates in the same way.
b. Determine the last time it has been modified/repaired.
c. You must recognize the problem/ complain of the owner to the
unit.
3. Perform visual inspection into the unit.

a. Prepare the tools needed and remove the cover ready for
inspection.
b. Apply careful physical inspection on the parts/components.
(Look for burned and broken components; Inspect for loose
connections or broken wires; Scratches or sign of misuse)
4. For safety reason, check the AC plug of the unit with an ohmmeter
and record your findings. With this, you can formulate a diagnosis.
5. Inform the owner about the findings of conducted pre-testing

procedure.
6. Record your findings for your reference to troubleshooting/ repairing.
Precautionary Measures in Performing Pre-Testing of an ECEF
1. To avoid the electrical shock, wear rubberized cotton gloves. Keep

your hands dry at all times.
2. Discharge large capacitors by connecting a jumper wire across their
two conducting terminals.
3. Observe the polarity of the components when replacing them.
4. Don’t replace an opened fuse or burned resistor unless you have
corrected the trouble.
5. When replacing the resistor (SCR/TRIAC), the replacement should
have the same current rating.
6. To avoid short circuit to nearby components, use needle-pointed
probes for better contact.
7. Use VOM accordingly.
Documentation 2.1
106
Customer’s name: ________________________________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________________________
Product/ Brand name: ____________________________________________________
Serial no: _________________________________________________________________
Complain: ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Comments/ initial diagnosis: ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Student technician signature: _____________________________________________
Date: _______________________
Teacher’s Initial:___________________
Note: Copy the given format below on a sheet of paper and fill up with necessary
information.
SELF-CHECK 2.1
PRE-TESTING ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLED ELECTRIC FAN

box.
Did you: YES NO
1. determine the problem?
2. recognize the complain/ problem?
3. perform visual inspection into the unit?

4. conduct resistance check in the AC plug?
5. inform the owner?
6. accomplish the form?



ACTIVITY SHEET 2.2

PRE-TESTING A BLENDER
107
Resources:
Service manual of Blender
Blender (functional and defective)
Activity sheet/ record sheet
Tools and Equipment Needed in Troubleshooting
Pliers
Mechanical pliers
Long nose pliers
Side-cutting pliers
Soldering tools
Screwdrivers
Set of Philip screw drivers
Set of standard (flat) screw drivers
Volt-Ohm Milliammeter
Cleaning materials
PPE
Direction: Provided with the resources, perform the procedure in pre-

testing a blender. Provide a work report/write-up after completing the
task. Accomplish the table after the activity.
Proper Handling/ Pre-testing a Blender
Before using any other accessory, make sure that the power unit is
turned off and placed on a suitable work surface. Put the protective cover
over the drive that you will not be using.
1. Before using the blender for the first time, wash the blender bowl;
cover funnel, blade assembly, and gasket in warm soapy water.
After washing, rinse well and dry them.
2. To assemble the blender, press the gasket into the recess in the
blade assembly base.
3. Then, insert the blade assembly into the blender bowl from
underneath. Using the lid as a wrench, tighten the blade
assembly into place. The blade assembly must be tightened firmly
to the bowl/jar to prevent leakage.
4. Turn the blender on the high-speed (upper) drive and turn to the
left (counter-clockwise) to lock the blender.
NOTE: Assembling procedure may vary or may be different from various

models of a blender. If the given procedure does not fit with the one at hand,
refer to owner’s manual or service manual if available.
Documentation 2.1
108
Customer’s name: ________________________________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________________________
Product/ Brand name: ____________________________________________________
Serial no: _________________________________________________________________
Complain: ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Comments/ initial diagnosis: ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Student technician signature: _____________________________________________
Date: _______________________
Teacher’s Initial:___________________
Note: Copy the given format below on a sheet of paper and fill up with necessary
information.
SELF-CHECK 2.2
PRE-TESTING Blender

box.
Did you: YES NO




VI. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
109
I. Direction. Identify the following
1. Used four safety of the technician and the gadget being tested.
A. Pliers B. PPE C. Screw Drivers D. VOM
2. A handy domestic appliance that blends, chops, and grates food.
A. Blender B. Electric Fan C. Flat Iron D. Oven
3. A domestic appliance that generates a moving air.
A. Blender B. Electric Fan C. Flat Iron D. Oven
4. Should be conducted the soonest time possible.
A. Diagnosis B. Maintenance C. Repair D. Troubleshooting
5. It is an electronic switching circuit driven by a command by means of
soft-touch switch system or from a remote command.
A. Comparator B. Manual Control C. Power Controller D. Timer
II. Draw the block diagram of Electronically-Controlled Electric Fan

6-15 (10pts)
CRITERIA
10 Complete blocks and with labels.
8 With only one block p or label missing
6 With two blocks or two labels or any two combinations
missing.
4 With three blocks or three labels or any three combinations
missing.
2 With four blocks or four labels or any four combinations
missing.
0 No drawing.
III. Direction. Explain the procedures in accepting electronically

controlled appliances and gathering information 16-25 (10pts).
CRITERIA
10 Sequence and transition of ideas was highly effective.
7 Some ideas and sequence may be improved to be highly
effective.
5 Some signs of and/or ubrupt change of ideas.
3 Very little or unclear flow of ideas.
0 No idea.
IV. Direction. Perform pre-testing of electronically controlled electric

fan by following the checklist 26-30 (5pts).
CHECKLIST
110
Did you: YES NO

CRITERIA
5 Accomplished all the tasks.
3 Accomplished at least 3-4 tasks.
1 Accomplished at least 1-3 tasks.
0 Did not accomplish any task.
111

Epas Module

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Epas Module

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Grade 9

GOP – Textbook Funds

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Learner’s Material

Editors: Lando T. Guzman

Printed in the Philippines by ____________

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies

EXPLORE Your Understanding

- How does one ensure success in a chosen career?

- The learner demonstrates understanding of Personal Entrepreneurial

- The learner prepares an activity plan that addresses his/her development

1. Why is there a need to assess ones personal characteristics, attributes,

2. What are the personal entrepreneurial competencies of a successful

3. Why is it necessary to compare ones personal characteristics, attributes,

4. How do you relate your PECs to the PECs of a successful entrepreneur?

Hello there! Are you ready to assess yourself to

Directions: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

1. Hardworking a. Ability to set realistic targets.

This time evaluate your own personal entrepreneurial

Directions: Below is a list of Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) of a

Did you enjoy examining yourself? You can become a

Lesson1. Important Entrepreneurial Traits

The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:

FIRM UP your Understanding

Activity1: Aligning one’s PECs

Creative Resourceful Persistent Organized Independent

Confident Risk taker Observant Competent Trustworthy

Optimistic Passionate Flexible Sensitive Committed

Dynamic Efficient Hardworking Decision-maker Reliable

Try to design a concept map that indicates your traits,

Things to do to align with

Lesson 1 Strengthening your Identified PECs

Here are your guides on how to strengthen your own PECs.

1. React positively to criticisms and open to feedback.

Activity 1 My techniques to strengthen PECs

TRANSFER Your Learning

Preparation of an Action Plan

Specific Purpose Statement: ( Your vision of your future)

My PECs I need to - To exercise Achieve -Selling -During -Earns

Answer the post assessment below to determine

Directions: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

1. Hardworking a. Ability to set realistic targets.

Directions: Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial

Environment and Market

One of your greatest dreams in life is to become a successful

EXPLORE your Understanding

- The learner demonstrates understanding of environment and market that

- The learner formulates a business idea based on the analysis of the

1. How does one determine the product to be produced or services to be offered

2. How does one select an entrepreneurial activity?

3. How can one respond effectively to a business enterprise?

2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective

3. Thong plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the

a. Survey of consumer associations

4. Ceasar studies the population in his immediate community. He is

a. identify his would be “suki”.

5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter products to make it more

Lesson 1 Needs and Wants of People

1. Basic commodities for consumption

Basic needs are essential to every individual so he/she may be able to

Lesson 2 Generating ideas for business

Business ideas may also be generated by examining what goods and