Buku Ajar: Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Hariza Adnani, S,KM, M.Pd

Cetakan I, Oktober 2011

Daftar Isi

Bab I

Pendahuluan.......................................................................................................................1

A. Kesehatan.................................................................................................................1
1. Pengertian....................................................................................................1
2. Model sehat-sakit.........................................................................................3
B. Pengertian Masyarakat...........................................................................................11
C. Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat...................................................................................12
1. Pengertian..................................................................................................12
2. Ruang Lingkup...........................................................................................14
3. Prinsip-prinsip IKM...................................................................................15

Bab II

SEJARAH ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT.....................................................19

A. Tokoh sejarah IKM................................................................................................19

B. Periode perkembangan Kesehatan masyarakat......................................................21
1. Periode sebelum ilmu pengetahuan...........................................................21
2. Periode ilmu pengetahuan..........................................................................23
3. Pengembangan di Indonesia......................................................................26

Bab III

EPIDEMIOLOGI............................................................................................................31

A. Pengertian..............................................................................................................31
B. Kegunaan Epidemiologi.........................................................................................33
C. Konsep penyebab penyakit....................................................................................35
D. Pengukuran dalam epidemiologi............................................................................39
BAB IV

STATISTIK KESEHATAN............................................................................................43

A. Pengertian..............................................................................................................43
B. Pembagian statistic.................................................................................................43
C. Makna statistik.......................................................................................................44
D. Statistic kesehatan..................................................................................................44
E. Penyajian data........................................................................................................45

BAB V

MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT.........................................................53

A. Pengertian..............................................................................................................53
B. Fungsi manajemen.................................................................................................53
C. Hubungan manajemen dengan program kesehatan................................................54

BAB VI

KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN.....................................................................................57

A. Pengertian..............................................................................................................57
B. Ruang lingkup kesehatan lingkungan....................................................................57
C. Tujuan ilmu kesehatan lingkungan........................................................................58
1. Perumahan..................................................................................................58
2. Penyediaan air bersih.................................................................................61
3. Pembuangan kotoran manusia...................................................................62
4. Sampah.......................................................................................................62
5. Air limbah/ air buangan.............................................................................74

BAB VII

PENDIDIKAN DAN PERILAKU KESEHATAN.......................................................77

A. Pendidikan Kesehatan............................................................................................77
1. Pengertian..................................................................................................77
2. Peranan pendidikan kesehatan...................................................................78
B. Sikap (Attitude)......................................................................................................80
1. Pengertian .................................................................................................80
 2. Tingkatan sikap..........................................................................................81
C. Perilaku kesehatan.................................................................................................82
1. Pengertian..................................................................................................82
2. Bentuk perilaku..........................................................................................84
3. Teori perilaku.............................................................................................85
4. Perilaku kesehatan.....................................................................................86

BAB VIII

PENGANTAR ILMU GIZI............................................................................................91

A. Pengertian..............................................................................................................91
B. Ruang lingkup ilmu gizi.........................................................................................93
C. Factor yang memengaruhi status gizi....................................................................94
D. Gizi klinik dang gizi masyarakat...........................................................................94
E. Penyakit-penyakit gizi...........................................................................................95
1. Penyakit KKP.............................................................................................95
2. Penyakit kegemukan (obesitas)..................................................................97
3. Anemia.....................................................................................................101
4. Xeropthalmia............................................................................................103
5. Penyakit Gondok Endemik......................................................................103
........................................................................................................................
F. Pengaturan status gizi masyarakat.......................................................................105
1. Klasifikasi gomez.....................................................................................106
2. Klasifikasi kualitatif menurut Wellcome Trust........................................107
3. Klasifikasi menurut Waterlow.................................................................107
4. Klasifikasi Jelliffe....................................................................................108
5. Klasifikasi status gizi rekomendasi lokakarya antopometri 1975 ...........108
6. Klasifikasi Direktorat bina gizi Depkes RI 1999.....................................109
7. Klasifikasi cara WHO..............................................................................109
G. Komponen Zat gizi..............................................................................................112
1. Karbohidrat..............................................................................................112
2. Lemak......................................................................................................113
3. Protein......................................................................................................114
4. Air............................................................................................................114
5. Vitamin....................................................................................................117
6. Mineral.....................................................................................................117
BAB IX

KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA (K3)...............................................119

A. Kesehatan kerja....................................................................................................119
1. Pengertian................................................................................................119
2. Tujuan kesehatan kerja............................................................................121
B. Keselamatan kerja................................................................................................122
1. Pengertian................................................................................................122
2. Tujuan dari keselamatan kerja.................................................................123
C. Kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3)................................................................123

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.....................................................................................................125

GLOSARIUM................................................................................................................129

INDEKS.........................................................................................................................133