INDEX

S.No. Name of the Page Completion Marks Total Sign

Experiment No. Date Marks
(30)
Exp. Calc. Exp. Calc.
1. Load Test on Three
phase Induction Motor
2. No-load and Blocked
rotor test on Three
phase Induction motor
3. Load Test on Three
phase Alaternator
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Experiment No: 1 Date:

LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM
To conduct load test on Three Phase Induction motor and obtain the
performance characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. No. Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

1. Three-phase Auto Transformer

2. Ammeter
3. Voltmeter
4. Wattmeter
5. Tachometer
6. Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS
1. Appropriate fuse wires should be fixed.
2. Both the TPST switches should be kept in open position.
3. Autotransformer should be kept at zero position.
4. Initially the motor should be in no load condition.
5. The brake drum should be cooled regularly throughout the experiment.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 1.1 LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Fuse Fuse IL M L
R A
B VL
V C S1 S2
V R
A1
T T
3-Phase C2
P P
400V
S Fuse C E S Fuse C1 A2 #
Y T T
B B2 B1 B
1 2 Y Brake Drum
50 Hz Three-phase Induction
AC Motor
Supply
C V C
E Fuse
B
Fuse B M L

DOUBLE ELEMENT WATTMETER Name Plate Details

MOTOR
C E
RATED VOLTAGE :
Three phase RATED CURRENT :
Autotransformer
RATED POWER :
RATED SPEED :
DESIGN OF APPARATUS REQUIRED
 TABLE – 1.1 LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

S.No. Line Line Speed Spring Balance Torque Power Input Output % %
Voltag Curre N (rpm) Readings T factor Power Power Slip Efficie
e nt (Kg) (Nm) Cos ф Pi (Watts) Po ncy
S1 S2 S1 ~ Obser Actual
VL IL (A) (Watts) η
(kg) (kg) S2 ved (W)
(V)
(kg) (W)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
9.

10.

11.

12.
FORMULAE TO BE USED

1. Torque, T = 9.81× (S1~S2) ×R (N-m)

2NT
2. Output power, P0 = 60 (W)

3. Input power, Pi = 3 �VL �I L �cosf (W)

PO
4. % efficiency, h =  100
Pin

Pin
5. Power Factor, cosf =
3  VL  I L

( 120 �f )
6. Synchronous speed, Ns = (rpm)
p

Ns - N
7. Percentage slip, %s = �100
Ns
3 * V * I * cos 
8. Multiplication Factor = full scale deflection

where S1 and S2 are the readings of spring balance (Kg)

R is the radius of the brake drum (m)

N is the speed of the motor (rpm)

Pin is the input power (W)

P0 is the output power (W)

VL is the line voltage (V)

IL is the line current (A)

f is the frequency of the input supply (Hz)

p is the number of poles

MODEL GRAPH
 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Y 1. Po Vs P.f
1
2. Po Vs % η
2
3. Po Vs N
4
N (rpm)
T (Nm) 3 4. Po Vs T
IL (A)
P.f (cos Ф) 5. Po Vs IL
5
%η
6. Po Vs % Slip
% Slip
6

X
Po (W)

SPEED Vs TORQUE

S
p
e
e
d
N
(rpm)

Torque T (Nm)

PROCEDURE

7
 1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram 1.1
2. Keep the brake drum in loose condition. (No load).
3. Close the switches TPST1 and TPST2 and vary the sliding contact of the autotransformer
slightly so that the ammeter shows the maximum current reading and comes to steady
state current. (i.e., no load current)
4. Now adjust the autotransformer to get rated voltage in the voltmeter.
5. Note down the no load readings.
6. Then load the motor gradually in steps using the brake drum arrangement and note down
the corresponding ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter and spring balance readings
7. Continue the procedure up to the point when the ammeter reads the rated current of the
motor.
8. Tabulate the readings for each and every value of load up to the rated value of current.
9. Remove the loads by loosening the brake drum belt.
10. Bring the auto-transformer sliding contact to its original position.
11. Open the TPST switches and disconnect the circuit.

MODEL CALCULATION

8
RESULT

9
INFERENCE

10
Experiment No: 2 Date:

11
 NO-LOAD AND BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR

AIM

To determine the equivalent circuit parameters of a three-phase induction motor by

conducting a No load and Blocked rotor test and also to draw the circle diagram for any value of
stator current.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. No. Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

1. Three-phase Auto Transformer

2. Ammeter
3. Voltmeter
4. Wattmeter
5. Rheostat
6. Tachometer
7. Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS

1. Appropriate fuse wires should be fixed.

2. Both the TPST switches should be kept in open position.
3. Autotransformer should be kept at zero position.
4. Initially the motor should be in no load condition.

12
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 2.1 NO-LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Io
Fuse Fuse M L
R A
B
V C S1 S2
VVoc R
A1
T T
3-Phase C2
P P
400V
S Fuse C E S Fuse C1 A2 #
Y B
B B2 B1
[Free Brake
50 Hz T T Y
Three-phase Induction drum]
AC 1 2
Motor
Supply
C V C
E Fuse
B
Fuse B M L Name Plate Details

DOUBLE ELEMENT WATTMETER

MOTOR
RATED VOLTAGE :
C E RATED CURRENT :

Three phase RATED POWER :

Autotransformer RATED SPEED :

13
DESIGN OF APPARATUS REQUIRED

14
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 2.2 BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

IBR
Fuse Fuse M L
R A
B
V C S1 S2
VV R
A1
T T BR
3-Phase C2
P P
400V
S Fuse
C E
S Fuse C1 A2 #
Y
B B2 B1 B
Y [Brake Drum
50 Hz T T
Three-phase Induction blocked]
AC 1 2 Motor
Supply
C V C
E Fuse
B
Fuse B M L

DOUBLE ELEMENT WATTMETER

C E

Three phase
Autotransformer

15
FORMULAE TO BE USED

I. NO LOAD TEST
1. WO = 3 VoIo COS  o (W)
Wo
2. COS  o =
3VoIo
Io
3. Iw = cos o (A)
3
Io
4. Im = sin o (A)
3
V
5. Xo = (Ω)
Im
V
6. Ro = (Ω)
Iw

II. BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

VSC
( )
7. Z01 =  I SC 
 
 3

WSC 
 
 3
8. R01 = (Ω)
 I SC 
 
 3
9. X01 = 2
Z 01 - R01
2
(Ω)
10. R2’ = (R01 – Reff ) (Ω)
11. Reff = Rmean * 1.6 (Ω)

III. CALCULATION OF LOSSES AND EFFICIENCY

12. Cos fNL = WNL / 3 VNL * INL

13. Cos fBR = WBR / 3 VBR * IBR

14. IBR at rated voltage (ISN) = (VNL / VBR) IBR (A)

15. WBR at rated voltage (WSN) = (VNL / VBR) WBR (W)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 2.3 MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE ( Reff)

16
 I
Fuse + -
+ A

A1
36 V D
+
DC P
S VV
Supply _
T A2

Fuse
-

2.4 PER PHASE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

I1 I21 R01 X01

P > >
Io
>

IW Iμ R’L
>

>

AC
Supply
R0 X0
Voltage

16. Stator copper loss = 3 * I2NL* R1 (W)

17
 17. Rotor copper loss = WSN – (3 * I2NL* R1) (W)

18. Percentage efficiency = (Output power / Input power) * 100

19. Input power (stator input) = (Output power + RotorCopper loss +

Stator Copperloss +Fixed losses)(W)

20. Rotor input = (Stator input– Stator Copperloss)(W)

21. Slip = Rotor copper loss / Rotor input

where,
Wo - Power consumed under no load in Watts.
Ro - No load resistance in Ohms.
Io - No load current in Amps.
Xo - No load reactance in Ohms.
Vo - Rated voltage in Volts.
WBR – Power consumed when the Rotor is blocked in Watts.
R01 – Blocked rotor resistance in Ohms.
X01 - Blocked rotor reactance in Ohms.
Z01 - Blocked rotor impedance in Ohms.
WNL – Power consumed under no load in watts
VNL – No load supply voltage in volts
INL – No load current in Amps
WBR – Power consumed when rotor blocked in watts
VBR – Blocked rotor voltage in volts
IBR – Blocked rotor current in Amps
R1 – Stator resistance in Ohms
fNL – No load power factor

fBR – Blocked rotor power factor

18
TABULATION

TABLE 2.1 NO LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

No load No load WOC (W)

voltage, current,
Voc (V) Io (A)
Observed Actual

TABLE 2.2 BLOCKED ROTOR TEST ON THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Supply voltage at Stator current at Power, WBR (W)

Blocked Rotor blocked rotor
condition condition
VBR (V) IBR (A) Observed Actual

TABLE 2.3 MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE Reff

Sl.No Voltage, V (V) Current, I (A) Resistance, R=V/I (Ω)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Rmean = -------------- Ω
Reff = Rmean * 1.6 = -------------- Ω

19
PROCEDURE

I. NO LOAD TEST

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram 2.1

2. Keep the brake drum in loose condition. (No load).
3. Close the switches TPST1 and TPST2 and vary the sliding contact of the autotransformer
slightly so that the ammeter shows the maximum current reading and comes to steady
state current. (i.e., no load current)
4. Now adjust the autotransformer to get rated voltage in the voltmeter.
5. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter at no load as in the table 2.1
6. Bring the auto-transformer sliding contact to its original position.
7. Open the TPST switches and disconnect the circuit.
II. BLOCKED ROTOR TEST

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram 2.2

2. Keep the brake drum in tightly blocked condition. (Blocked).
3. Close the switches TPST1 and TPST2
4. Vary the sliding contact of the autotransformer slightly so that the ammeter shows the
rated current reading
5. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings as per the table 2.2.
6. Bring the auto-transformer sliding contact to its original position.
7. Open the TPST switches and disconnect the circuit.

III. MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE Reff:

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram 2.3

2. Close the DPST switch.
3. Vary the rheostat and note down the different sets of readings of voltmeter and ammeter.
4. Calculate the value of Rmean , and hence Reff.
5. Bring the rheostat slider to initial condition.
6. Open the DPST switch and disconnect the circuit.

20
MODEL CALCULATION

21
22
RESULT

INFERENCE

23
Experiment No:3 Date :

LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR

AIM

To predetermine the efficiency and percentage regulation of a three phase alternator by

conducting the load test.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. No. Name of the apparatus Range Quantity

1. Ammeter

2. Voltmeter

3. Rheostat

4. Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS

1. Appropriate fuse wires should be fixed.

2. Both the TPST and DPST switches should be kept in open position.
3. The field rheostat of DC shunt motor should be kept in minimum resistance position.
4. The armature rheostat of the DC shunt and field rheostat of alternator should be kept in
maximum resistance position.

24
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 3.1 LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR

+ -
A
IF
SPST

ILM IA
+
Fuse F Fuse
+ -
+ A
VT A
230 V
A V T
DC D z R
Supply VLM FF P
P S Fuse
M
S V zz T
T B
AA Y
Fuse
_
THREE PHASE BALANCED
Fuse THREE PHASE RESISTIVE LOAD
DC SHUNT ALTERNATOR
MOTOR

Name Plate Details

DC SHUNT MOTOR THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR

RATED VOLTAGE : RATED VOLTAGE :

RATED CURRENT : RATED CURRENT :

RATED POWER : RATED POWER :

RATED SPEED : RATED SPEED :

EXCITATION CURRENT :

25
DESIGN OF APPARATUS REQUIRED

26
TABULATION

TABLE 3.1 – LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR

Input Output %
%
Vt Ia VLM ILM If Power Power efficiency
S.No Reg
(V) (A) (V) (A) (A) (W) (W)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

27
FORMULAE TO BE USED
( E0 - Vt )
1. % Regulation =  100
Vt
2. Input Power = η x VLM  I LM (W )

3. Output Power = 3  Vt  I a (W )
OutputPower
4. %Efficiency =  100
InputPower
where,
E 0 is the no-load induced voltage at the terminals of the alternator (V)

V t is terminal voltage on load at the terminals of the alternator (V)

η is the efficiency of the DC shunt motor

Ia is the line current measured at the stator of the alternator (A)
VLM is the terminal voltage of the DC shunt motor (V)
ILM is the line current of the DC shunt motor (A)

PROCEDURE

1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram 3.1

2. Close the DPST switch. Vary the rheostat in the armature circuit and the rheostat in the field
circuit of the DC shunt motor and bring the motor to its rated speed.
3. Close the SPST switch and vary the field rheostat of the alternator to bring the induced
voltage of the alternator, to its rated value.
4. Close the TPST switch and apply the loads one by one by varying the adjustable resistive
load. For every change in load, maintain the speed of the alternator at its rated value by
adjusting the field rheostat of the DC shunt motor.
5. Note down the readings on all meters viz., VLM, ILM, VT, IL, IF and fill the table 3.1
6. Repeat the above procedure until the rated current of the alternator is reached or the rated
current of the DC shunt motor is reached.
7. Remove the loads on the alternator one by one until it is unloaded completely and open the
TPST switch.
8. Bring the field rheostat of the alternator to initial position and open the SPST switch.
9. Bring the field and armature rheostats of the DC shunt motor to their respective initial
positions and open the DPST switch.
10. Disconnect the circuit connections.

MODEL GRAPHS

28
Vta (V )

I La ( A)

%η

Output Power (W)

MODEL CALCULATION

29
30
 RESULT

INFERENCE

Experiment No:4 Date :

PREDETERMINATION OF REGULATION OF A
THREE-PHASE NON-SALIENT POLE

31
 ALTRNATOR BY EMF AND MMF METHOD

AIM

To predetermine the regulation of a three-phase non-salient pole alternator for different

values of load current at different power factors using EMF and MMF methods.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. No Name of the Range Quantity

apparatus

1. Voltmeter

2. Ammeter

3. Rheostat

4. Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS

1. Initially SPST, DPST and TPST switches should be kept in open position.
2. Rheostat in field circuit of DC shunt motor should be kept in minimum resistance position.
3. The rheostat in armature circuit of DC shunt motor, rheostats in field circuit of
pilot generator and field circuit of alternator should all be kept in maximum resistance
position.

32
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 4.1 PRE-DETERMINATION OF VOLTAGE REGULATION OF THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR
BY EMF AND MMF METHODS

FUSE

T
SPST P
+ FUSE FUSE
S A
Z F V T
D A A1
P C2
A ZZ FF FUSE
S A
230 V T M PAG C1
Z A2
DC B2
AA B1
AA
ZZ FUSE
- A +
FUSE

Name Plate Details

DC SHUNT MOTOR PILOT GENERATOR THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR
RATED VOLTAGE : RATED VOLTAGE : RATED VOLTAGE :
RATED CURRENT : RATED CURRENT : RATED CURRENT :
RATED POWER : RATED POWER : RATED POWER :
RATED SPEED : RATED SPEED : RATED SPEED :
EXCITATION CURRENT : EXCITATION CURRENT :

33
DESIGN OF APPARATUS REQUIRED
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 4.2 MEASUREMENT OF Ra

+ + _
A
D
P
S
36V,DC A1 +
T V
SUPPLY -
A2

TABLE - 4.1 MEASUREMENT OF Ra

S.No. Voltage Current Resistance

V (V) I (A) R = V / I (Ω)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Rmean = ---------------- Ω

Reff = Rmean×1.6 Ω
FORMULAE TO BE USED

EMF METHOD
E0

1. Zs =  I SC 3 

 
2. Eo = (V) at Unity power factor

3. Eo = (V) at lagging power factor

4. Eo = (V) at leading power factor

5. % regulation = (Eo-V)/V ×100 for any power factor

where
E0 is the induced emf for any excitation (V)
Isc is the short circuit current for the same excitation ( A)
Reff=Rmean×1.6 Ω

Xs= Ω

MMF METHOD

6. If2 = If12+If22 (A) at Unity power factor

7. Ift2 = If12+If22+If1 If2cos(90+ ) (A ) at lagging power factor

8. Ift2 = If12+If22+If1 If2cos(90- ) (A) at leading power factor

TABULAR COLUMNS

TABLE – 4.2 OPEN CIRCUIT TEST TABLE – 4.3 SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

S. No. Field current If(A) Induced emf Field current Short circuit
Eo(V) If(A) current
1. ISC(A)

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.
PROCEDURE

OPENCIRCUIT TEST

1. Make all connections as per the circuit diagram 4.1.

2. Close the DPST switch and vary the rheostat in the armature circuit and rheostat in the
field circuit of the DC shunt motor and bring the motor to the rated speed of the
alternator.
3. Note down the residual voltage induced in the alternator.
4. Adjust the field rheostat of the pilot generator to increase its induced voltage.
5. Close the SPST switch and adjust the rheostat in the field circuit of the alternator to
increase the field current in steps.
6. Note down the corresponding no load induced voltage and the corresponding field
currents in the table 4.2
7. Note down the readings up to the rated value of the excitation current of the alternator.
8. Bring the field rheostat of the alternator to its original position and open the SPST switch.
9. Also bring the rheostat in the field circuit of the pilot generator to initial position.

SHORT CIRCUIT TEST

1. Close the TPST switch and adjust the field rheostat of the pilot generator and hence that
of the alternator until rated current of alternator is attained at the armature circuit.
2. Note down all the meter readings viz., voltmeter and ammeter in the armature circuit of
the alternator.
3. Bring the field rheostats to their corresponding initial positions.
4. Open the TPST and SPST switches.
5. Bring the field and armature rheostats of the DC shunt motor to their corresponding
initial positions.
6. Open the DPST switch and disconnect the circuit.
MODEL GRAPH

occ
Y
scc
(A)(v)
Ia,vo
If1 If2 If(A) X

MMF METHOD – 4.3 VECTOR DIAGRAM FOR FIELD CURRENT UNDER

DIFFERNET POWER FACTORS

Unity Power Factor Lagging Power Factor

Ift Ift
If2
If2

90+Φ

If1 If1

Leading Power Factor

Ift If2

90-Φ
If1
MMF METHOD – 4.4 VECTOR DIAGRAM FOR INDUCED VOLTAGE UNDER
DIFFERNET POWER FACTORS
 Unity Power Factor Lagging Power Factor

Eo
Eo

Ia Xa Ia Xa

θ V
V Ia Ra Ia Ra

Ia

Leading Power Factor

Eo
Ia Xa

Ia Ia Ra
V

MEASUREMENT OF Ra

1. Make the connections as per circuit diagram 4.2.

2. Vary the rheostat and note down the different sets of reading of voltmeter and ammeter.
3. Calculate the mean and effective values of armature resistance from these readings.
4. Bring the rheostat to its initial position and open the DPST switch.
5. Disconnect the circuit.

MODEL CALCULATION
PROCEDURE FOR PERCENTAGE VOTLAGE REGULATION BY MMF METHOD
1. Plot the open circuit characteristics and short circuit characteristics as shown in the model
graph.
2. Determine the field current (If1) required, to generate the rated voltage at the armature of
the alternator on no-load condition from the graph.
3. Determine the field current (If2) required, to force, the rated current in the armature of the
alternator on short circuit condition, from the graph.
4. Determine the total field current vectorialy, using the vector diagram shown in the figure
4.3 for any value of power factor (lagging, leading and unity).
5. Determine the value of emf corresponding to this total field current on the open circuit
characteristic curve from the graph.
6. Determine the percentage voltage regulation using the formula 5, for all three possible
types of power factor.
RESULT

INFERENCE

Experiment No:5 Date :

SYNCHRONISATION OF THREE-PHASE ALTERNATOR WITH INFINITE BUSBAR

AIM

To synchronize the three-phase alternator with infinite bus-bar by dark lamp method.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. No Name of the Range Quantity

apparatus

1. Voltmeter

2. Ammeter

3. Rheostat

4. Connecting wires

5. Auto - transformer

PRECAUTIONS

1. Initially, the TPST, DPST and SPST switches should be in open position.
2. The rheostat in the field circuit of the motor (prime mover) should be kept at
minimum resistance position.
3. The rheostat in the armature circuit of DC motor, rheostat in the field circuits of
pilot generator and the alternator should be kept at maximum resistance positions.
4. The autotransformer should be at minimum voltage position.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 5.1 SYNCHRONISATION OF A THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR WITH INFINITE BUSBAR

A R
B
400V
D T
R 50HZ
P A
V P
S
3 ф, AC
MI E C
230V S T
M G
DC T Z
SUPPLY B Y
AA Y B
Z F

ZZ C
E
FF
ZZ
A B
B

SYNCHRONIZING SWITCH
E C
3 PHASE AUTO TRANSFORMER

Name Plate Details

DC SHUNT MOTOR PILOT GENERATOR THREE PHASE ALTERNATOR
RATED VOLTAGE : RATED VOLTAGE : RATED VOLTAGE :
RATED CURRENT : RATED CURRENT : RATED CURRENT :
RATED POWER : RATED POWER : RATED POWER :
RATED SPEED : RATED SPEED : RATED SPEED :
EXCITATION CURRENT : EXCITATION CURRENT :
DESIGN FOR APPARATUS REQUIRED
PROCEDURE

1. Make all the connections as shown in the circuit diagram 5.1.

2. Close the DPST switch and adjust the armature and field rheostats of the DC shunt motor
(prime mover) to the rated speed of the alternator.
3. Close the TPST switch and adjust the autotransformer so that voltmeter V G shows the
rated voltage of bus bar.
4. Close the SPST switch and adjust the rheostats in the field circuit of pilot generator and
alternator to bring the voltage of alternator equal to the bus bar voltage.
5. Compare the magnitudes of voltages with the help of voltmeters. If they are not same
then bring them equal either by adjusting the excitation of the alternator or by adjusting
the auto-transformer.
6. Compare the phase sequence of the voltage at the terminals of the alternator with that of
the balanced three phase supply bus bar. If the phase sequence of the alternator and bus
bar are different, then the lamps will glow alternately. In such case, interchange any two
of the phase connections either at the terminals of the alternator or at the infinite bus bar.
7. Now compare the frequency of the alternator with that of the infinite bus bar. It may not
be the same as that of the infinite bus bar, in which case the lamps would flicker. To make
them same, adjust the speed of the motor (prime mover) so as to reduce the rate of
flickering to a very small value.
8. Close the Synchronization switch, when the lamps become completely dark for a long
duration.
9. Now adjust the field rheostat of the alternator to realize the reactive power exchange
between the alternator and the infinite bus bar.
10. Then adjust the field rheostat of the DC shunt motor (prime mover) to realize the real
power exchange between the alternator and the infinite bus bar.
11. Now open the Synchronization switch and bring the auto-transformer to its initial
position. Open the TPST switch.
12. Bring all the rheostats to their respective initial positions. Open the SPST and DPST
switches.
13. Disconnect the circuit.
RESULT

INFERENCE
Experiment No.6 Date :

V AND Λ CURVES OF A SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

AIM
To obtain V and Λ curves of a synchronous motor on no load.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. No Name of the Range Quantity

apparatus

1. Voltmeter

2. Ammeter

3. Wattmeter

4. Rheostat

5. Auto – transformer

6. Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS

1. Initially, the DPST and TPST switches should be kept open.

2. The rheostats in the field circuit of the synchronous motor should be kept at
maximum resistance position.
3. The auto transformer should be kept in minimum voltage position.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 6.1 V AND Λ CURVES OF A SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

+
Fuse
+ A R
A-
L M
R
D A B
230 V P V C Fuse
T
DC S
P
Supply T E
S
Z
T T 400V
C
Y P 50Hz
Y
_ B 1
zz B
FuseS 3Φ
Fuse V T AC
supply
2
E
C B

DC SHUNT MOTOR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR B

RATED VOLTAGE : RATED VOLTAGE :
Fuse
RATED CURRENT : RATED CURRENT :
RATED POWER : RATED POWER :
RATED SPEED : RATED SPEED : E
EXCITATION CURRENT :
C
DESIGN OF APPARATUS REQUIRED

TABULAR COLUMN
 TABLE – 6.1 V AND Λ CURVES OF A SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

S.No. If V IL Input power Pį Power

(A) (volts) (A) (Watts) Factor
Observed Actual
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

PROCEDURE
 1) Make the connections as per the circuit diagram 6.1
2) Close the TPST1 and TPST2 switches.
3) Adjust the autotransformer so that the voltmeter reads about 50% of rated voltage.
4) Close the DPST switch and excite the machine.
5) Once the synchronous motor attains synchronous speed, adjust the autotransformer
so that the voltmeter reads the rated voltage of the synchronous motor.
6) Increase If in steps by adjusting the rheostat in the field circuit.
7) Note down all the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter for each value of
field current.
8) Record as many readings are allowed by the rheostat in the field circuit of the
motor or up to the rated current flows in the armature circuit of the synchronous
machine. IL is found to decrease with If, reaches a minimum and again increase.
9) After recording the required number of readings, bring the field rheostat of the
machine to initial position and bring the auto-transformer to its initial position.
10) Open the DPST and TPST switches and disconnect the circuit.

MODEL GRAPH
Ia (A) pf

lagging leading
lagging
leading
Unity pf

Unity pf

If (A) If

MODEL CALCULATION
RESULT

INFERENCE
Experiment No. 7 Date :

LOAD TEST ON THREE-PHASE GRID CONNECTED

INDUCTION GENERATOR

AIM
To conduct load test on a three-phase induction generator connected to the grid
and obtain its performance characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

Sl. No Name of the Range Quantity

apparatus

1. Voltmeter

2. Ammeter

3. Wattmeter

4. Rheostat

5. Auto – transformer

6. Connecting wires

PRECAUTIONS

1. Initially, the TPST and DPST switches should be open

2. The rheostat in the armature circuit of the DC shunt motor should be kept in
maximum resistance position and rheostat in the field circuit of motor should be
kept in minimum resistance position.
3. The autotransformer should be kept in minimum voltage position.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM – 7.1 LOAD TEST ON A THREE PHASE GRID CONNECTED INDUCTION GENERATOR

Fuse+ + _ M
+ A L
A B R
Squirrel Fuse Fuse
C V T
A Cage
D P
230 V P IM E
+ S
DC S V_ M A1 400V
z Fuse T C T
Supply T 50Hz
V P Y
AA B1 B FuseS 3Φ
zz C1 1
T AC
_
Fuse supply
Fuse
E 2
C
R1

R1 B B
Fuse
R3 R2 Slip
R2
ring
Rotor E
C
R3

DC SHUNT MOTOR SLIP RING INDUCTION MACHINE

RATED VOLTAGE : RATED VOLTAGE :
RATED CURRENT : RATED CURRENT :
RATED POWER : RATED POWER :
RATED SPEED : RATED SPEED :
DESIGN FOR APPARATUS REQUIRED
TABULATION

TABLE – 7.1 LOAD TEST ON THREE PHASE GRID CONNECTED INDUCTION GENERATOR
Input Input Output Output Wattmeter Speed Total Power
Sl. voltage current voltage current Wac % slip Input %η Factor
No. Vdc Idc Vac Iac (W) (rpm) Power
observ actual (W )
(V) (A) (V) (A) ed
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.
FORMULAE TO BE USED

1. Input power Pin = Vdc *Idc ( W )

2. % η = output power * 100

input power

3. % slip = (Ns – N )* 100

Ns

4. Power factor = Wac .

√3 Vac Iac

where,
Vdc is the supply voltage (V)
Idc is the input current (A)
Vac is the output voltage (V)
Iac is the output current (A)
Wac is the output power (W)
Ns is the synchronous speed (rpm)
N is the speed of the motor (rpm)

PROCEDURE

1. Make all connections as shown in the circuit diagram 7.1.

2. Ensure that both the DC shunt motor and the three phase Induction machine
run in the same direction, by checking the direction of rotation of each
separately. If the direction of rotation is not the same for both, then
interchange any two phase connections of the induction machine.
3. After this condition is satisfied, close the DPST switch and bring the
induction machine to rated speed using the DC motor, by adjusting the
rheostats in its the armature and field circuits.
4. Close the TPST1 and TPST2 switches and apply the rated voltage to the
Induction machine by adjusting the autotransformer.
5. Make the wattmeter read zero, by adjusting the rheostat in the field circuit
of DC motor.
MODEL GRAPH

MODEL CALCULATION
 6. Increase the speed of the machine is in steps by adjusting rheostat in the
field circuit rheostat of the DC motor.
7. Note down all the meter readings viz., ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter
readings.
8. Repeat the procedure until the rated current of DC motor is reached or rated
current of the Induction machine is reached.
9. Bring the autotransformer to minimum voltage position and open the TPST
switches.
10. Bring the rheostats in the field circuit and in the armature circuit of the DC
shunt motor to their respective original positions and open the DPST
switch.
11. Disconnect the circuit connections.

RESULT

INFERENCE