Anatomi Sistem Limfatik – dr.

Frizky Arlind
Fungsi Sistem LIMFATIK  protects body against foreign material
 assists in circulation of body fluids between cells and bloodstream
 transports dietary fats
Sistem LIMFATIK tdd:
i. lymph
ii. network of vessels
iii. lymph nodes and nodules
iv. tonsils
v. spleen
vi. thymus gland
i. Lymph • derived from tissue fluid
• contains more white blood cells than plasma
• enters node through afferent lymphatic vessels
• flows through node in one direction
• flows through sinuses in lymph node cortex and then into the
medulla
• exits the lymph node through efferent lymphatic vessels
• must be returned to blood stream to maintain blood volume and
pressure
ii. Network of Vessels
 Lymph Capillaries • microscopic closed-ended vessels
• located next to blood capillaries in tissue spaces
• larger diameter than blood capillaries
• very permeable and collect tissue fluid and proteins
• lymph capillaries merge to form larger lymph vessels
• the small intestine contains special types of lymphatic capillaries
called lacteals
• lacteals pick up not only interstitial fluid, but also dietary lipids and
lipid-soluble vitamins
• the lymph of this area has a milky color due to the lipid and is also
called chyle
 Lymph Vessels
• resemble veins but have thinner walls and more valves
• ends of endothelial cells overlap  act as one-way valves allowing
interstitial fluid to flow in but not out
• attached to surrounding tissue by anchoring filaments
• no pump for lymph
• lymph is kept moving by:
- constriction of vessels  dari katup2
- skeletal muscle pump  kontraksi otot rangka
- respiratory pump  bernapas mempengaruhi kontraksi otot
rangka
• at intervals along vessels lymph flows into lymph nodes
 Lymph Trunks
• lymphatic vessels unite to form lymph trunks

• formed by lymphatic vessels uniting

 • large tubes
• empty their lymph into lymphatic ducts
• 5 trunks
 Jugulary  dari kepala & leher
 Lymphatic Ducts  Subclavia  extr. sup, gl. mammae, abdomen superficial
 Bronchomediastinal  thorax profunda
 Intestinal  abdomen profunda
 Lumbal  extr. inf, dinding abdominopelvica, organ2
pelvis

• lymph empties into two conducting ducts:

- the thoracic duct (left lymphatic duct)  extr inf, abdomen,
thorax sn, extr. sup sn, kepala & leher sn
- the right lymphatic duct  extr. sup dx, thorax dx, kepala &
leher dx
• lymph from these ducts enters the blood stream via the left
subclavian vein and the right subclavian vein
• (1) THORACIC DUCT (Left Lymphatic Duct)
 about 15-18 inches (38-45 cm) in length
 begins as a dilation called the cisterna chyli
 main collecting duct of lymphatic system
 receives lymph from lower body and upper left quadrant
 empties into the left subclavian vein
 CISTERNA CHYLI
 large lymph vessel
 formed by the union of lymph vessels from lower
body  extr. inf & abdomen
 located anterior to the second lumbar vertebra
 continues superiorly as thoracic duct
• (2) Right Lymphatic Duct
 about 0.5 inches (1.,5 cm) in length
 receives lymph from upper right quadrant
 empties into the right subclavian vein
iii. Lymph Nodes • oval or bean-shaped
• masses of lymphatic tissue
• aid in defense and white blood cell formation
• located along length of lymphatic vessels
• scattered throughout the body usually in clusters
• covered by a capsule
• contain capsular extensions called trabeculae (form partitions within
node)
• internal to capsule are reticular fibers and fibroblasts  form
framework of a lymph node
• two main regions of a lymph node:
- cortex  follicle  tempat terjadi filtrasi
- medulla
• MAJOR lymph nodes:
 cervical
 axillary
 inguinal
  Cervical Lymph Nodes  mesenteric

• located in neck area  posisi anatomi (?)

 Axillary Lymph Nodes
• filter lymph from head and neck

 Inguinal Lymph Nodes • located in armpits

• filter lymph from hand, arm, breast (superficial)

• located in groin area

 Mesenteric Lymph
Nodes • filter lymph from lower extremities and external genital organs

• located in abdominal peritoneum

• aid in infection control after abdominal surgery
• filter lymph from abdominal cavity
iv. Tonsils • aggregations of large lymphatic nodules
• embedded in mucous membrane
• located beneath epithelium of pharynx and oral cavities
• protect nasal and oral cavities
• three types:
- nasopharyngeal tonsils
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils
 Nasopharyngeal Tonsils
• commonly called adenoids
• located:
- behind nose
- on roof of posterior wall of pharynx
 Palatine Tonsils - posterior opening of nasal cavity

• usually referred to as the “tonsils”

• location:
- back of mouth
- lateral walls of pharynx
 Lingual Tonsils • most commonly removed - tonsillectomy

• base of tongue
• first line of defense from exterior
v. Spleen • largest lymphatic organ
• located in upper left abdominal quadrant
• between fundus of stomach and diaphragm
• 5-6 inches long, 2-3 inches wide
• resembles a large lymph node
• filters blood
STRUCTURE of Spleen
• capsule  covering of dense connective tissue
 • hilum
- depression on medial surface
- nerves and arteries enter spleen, veins, and lymphatic vessel
exit
 White Pulp
• consists of lymphatic tissue
 Red Pulp • mostly lymphocytes arranged around central arteries

• consists of:
- venous sinuses filled with blood
- cords of splenic tissue
- red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and
granulocytes
vi. Thymus Gland • two-lobed organ
• located in upper part of chest along trachea
• inferior to thyroid gland, posterior to sternum
• largest and most active during prenatal period and infancy
• after puberty it decreases in size
REMOVAL of Thymus
(Thymectomy) • can be removed but decreased T-cell production results
• possible acute susceptibility to infection