Name _______________________________ Period _______ Date _______________________

Bonding & Molecular Structure

C.3.6 Use structural formulas of hydrocarbons to illustrate carbon's ability to form single
and multiple bonds within a molecule.
Topic Outline:
• What are hydrocarbons? Directions for BLOOMS – Lower Order –
UNDERSTANDING:
• Hydrocarbons & the Petroleum Industry
Students will locate & label all missing
• Types of Hydrocarbons information in the guided notes using
• Aliphatic Hydrocarbons PowerPoint discussions.
• Cyclic Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
• Aromatic Hydrocarbons

What are hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons – compounds composed of ______________ & ____________ only

Organic Chemistry studies Carbon Chemistry exclusively and therefore hydrocarbons are very
popular reactions to study.

Hydrocarbons & the Petroleum Industry

• Most of the wars between the US & the Middle East is over control of hydrocarbons.

• These hydrocarbons are _______________, _____, and _____ deposits from super dead &
super old (thousands of years) sea creatures decomposed & buried by geological activity.

• Hydrocarbons can form _____________, ___________, and ____________ bonds.

• Because of their unique chemical & physical properties hydrocarbons are valuable to extract
energy from in the form of combustion reactions.

• Carbon & Hydrogen are both critical elements to all life as we understand it.

Chem-is-try 47
 Types of Hydrocarbons

These are organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen only. For example: Methane
(CH4), Ethane (C2H6), Propane (C3H8), Propene (C3H6) etc. Glucose (C6H1206) has the element
oxygen in addition to carbon and hydrogen, hence it is not a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are
divided into two main groups namely aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. These are further divided
into subgroups as shown below;

Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Aromatic Hydrocarbons

(1) Alkanes (2)Alkenes (3) Alkynes (4) Cyclic forms of 1, 2 and 3 Benzene and Polynuclear aromatic
its derivatives hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

===

Functional Group - An atom or group of atoms that define an organic family with distinct physical
and chemical properties. It is the reactive part of the molecule. Reactions typically take place at a
functional group.

Chem-is-try 48
 Cyclic Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(AKA: Arenes or Aryl Hydrocarbons)

• Any hydrocarbon that keeps alternating double bonds throughout its entire structure.

• These alternating double bonds act like train tracks that allow the electrons to delocalize or
move around freely within the structure.

Chem-is-try 49