PHARMACOLOGY

Drug Data Classification Mechanism of Action Indication Contraindications Adverse Reaction Nursing Responsibilities
 Generic Name Therapeutic:  Pharmacokinetics  General Hypersensitivity to CNS: Agitation,  Before
Antibiotic A Indications amoxicillin or its anxiety, behavior • Patients with mononucleosis
amoxicillin trihydrate Well absorbed from To treat ear, nose, com- changes, shouldn’t
(amoxycillin) Pharmacologic duodenum (75–90%). More throat, GU tract, ponents confusion, receive amoxicillin because
aminopenicillins resistant to acid skin,  Precaution dizziness, this class of drugs may
Dosage: 500mg/tablet inactivation than other and soft-tissue Severe renal insomnia, cause an erythematous rash.
penicillins infections caused reversible • Use drug cautiously in
insufficiency (↓
Frequency: One capsule D by sus- dose if CCr <30 hyperactivity, patients with hepatic
every 8hours Diffuses readily into most ceptible gram- mL/min) seizures impairment.
body tissues and fluids. positive and gram- CV: • Monitor hepatic and renal
Route: P.O CSF penetration increased • Infectious Hypersensitivity function and CBC, as
negative mononucleosis,
when meninges are vasculitis ordered, in patients on
organisms, To acute
inflamed. Crosses EENT: Black, hairy prolonged therapy.
treat tonsillitis or lymphocytic
placenta; enters breast milk tongue; • use cautiously in breast-
pharyngitis leukemia, or
in small amounts mucocutaneous feeding and elderly patients.
caused by cytomegalovirus candididasis; tooth • Expect to start therapy before
Streptococcus infection (↑ risk of
M&E pyogenes, To discoloration culture and sensitivity test
70% excreted unchanged rash) GI: Diarrhea, results are known.
treat lower
in the urine; 30% respiratory tract • OB: Lactation: Ha diarrhea related to as ordered.
metabolized by the liver infec tions s been used Clostridium difficile, PATIENT TEACHING
caused by safely elevated liver • Tell patient to refrigerate
 Onset susceptible enzymes, reconstituted sus- pension
Unknown hemorrhag- ic or and to shake well before
gram-positive  Drug interaction
Peak and gram- pseudomembranou each use.
-drug to drug
Unknown negative s colitis, jaundice, • When amoxicillin suspension
allopurinol:
 Duration\ organisms, hepatic is prescribed for a child,
Increased risk of
6–8 hr dysfunction, instruct parents to place it
Treatment of rash
 Drug Half Life nausea, vomiting directly on child’s tongue to
» Skin and skin chloramphenicol,
Neonates: 3.7 hr; Infants GU: Crystalluria, swallow. If
structure erythromycins,
and Children: 1–2 hr; vaginal mycosis this doesn’t work, tell parents
infections sulfon- amides,
Adults: 0.7–1.4 hr HEME: to mix dose of suspension
tetracyclines:
Agranulocytosis, with formula or cold drink
Reduced
 Patients Actual anemia (including (milk, fruit juice, ginger ale,
bactericidal effect of
 Indication amoxicillin hemolytic anemia), water) and have child drink it
Treatment of methotrexate: eosinophilia, immediately.
Increased risk of granulo- cytosis, • Instruct patient using
» Skin and skin methotrex- ate leukopenia, DisperMox tablets to place
structure toxicity thrombocytopenia, one tablet and about 2
infections oral contraceptives thrombocytopenic teaspoonfuls of water in a
with estrogen: purpura glass, drink entire mix ture,
Possibly SKIN: Erythema add more water to the glass,
76 multiforme, and drink again to ensure
amphetamine erythematous delivery of full dose.
sulfate maculopapular During
rash, generalized • Be aware that chewable
reduced exanthe- matous tablets and tablets for oral
effectiveness of pustulosis, suspension contain
contraceptive Stevens-Johnson phenylalanine.
probenecid: syn- drome, toxic • Tell patient to chew or crush
Increased epidermal chewable tablets and not to
amoxicillin effects necrolysis, urticaria swallow them whole.
Other: Allergic • Don’t confuse amoxicillin
reaction, tablets with amoxicillin
anaphylaxis, serum tablets for oral suspension
sicknesslike (DisperMox). They’re not
reaction (such as interchangeable.
arthralgia, arthritis, • If allergic reaction occurs,
fever, myalgia, stop
rash, and urticaria) amoxicillin immediately and
provide emergency care as
indicated and ordered.
• Monitor patient for
superinfection. If it occurs,
expect to discontinue drug
and provide treatment

After
• Teach patient to report
 adverse reactions
• notify prescriber if infection
worsens or doesn’t improve
after 72 hours.
• To prevent infection from
recurring, urge patient to take
amoxicillin for full length of
time prescribed, even if he
feels better.
• Urge patient to tell prescriber
about diar- rhea that’s severe
or lasts longer than
3 days. Remind patient that
watery or bloody stools can
occur 2 or more months after
antibiotic therapy and may be
serious, requiring prompt
treatment.
• Monitor patient closely for
diarrhea, which may indicate
pseudomembranous colitis
• Expect treatment that lasts at
least 10 days for hemolytic
streptococci infections.
 DRUG DATA INDICATION/
Classification CONTRAINDICATION MECHANISM OF ACTION ADVERSE EFFECT
Generic Name: Anthranilic acid derivative. CNS: Drowsiness, insomnia,
Central nervous Hypersensitivity to drug; GI Like ibuprofen inhibits dizziness, nervousness,
Mefenamic Acid system agent;analgesic; inflammation, or ulceration. prostaglandin synthesis and confusion, headache.
nsaid; antipyretic Safety in children <14 y, affects platelet function. No GI: Severe diarrhea, ulceration,
Brand Name: during pregnancy (category evidence that it is superior to and bleeding; nausea, vomiting,
Pregnancy Category:C C), or lactation is not aspirin. abdominal cramps, flatus,
Ponstan, Ponstel established. constipation, hepatic toxicity.
Hematologic: Prolonged
Dosage: prothrombin time,
500mg/capsule severe autoimmune hemolytic
anemia (long-term use),
Frequency: one leukopenia, eosinophilia,
capsule every 6hours agranulocytosis,
or as needed thrombocytopenic purpura,
megaloblastic anemia,
Route: P.O pancytopenia,bone marrow
hypoplasia.
Urogenital: Nephrotoxicity,
dysuria, albuminuria, hematuria,
elevation of BUN.
Skin: Urticaria, rash, facial
edema.
Spec Senses: Eye irritation,
loss of color vision (reversible),
blurred vision, ear pain.
Body Whole: Perspiration.
CV: Palpitation.
Respiratory: Dyspnea; acute
exacerbation of asthma;
bronchoconstriction (in patients
sensitive to aspirin).
NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
 Assess patients who
develop severe diarrhea
and vomiting for
dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance.
 Lab tests: With long-term
therapy (not
recommended) obtain
periodic complete blood
counts, Hct and Hgb,
and kidney function
tests.
Patient & Family Education
 Discontinue drug
promptly if diarrhea, dark
stools, hematemesis,
ecchymoses, epistaxis,
or rash occur and do not
use again. Contact
physician.
 Notify physician if
persistent GI discomfort,
sore throat, fever, or
malaise occur.
 Do not drive or engage in
potentially hazardous
activities until response
to drug is known. It may
cause dizziness and
 drowsiness.
 Monitor blood glucose for
loss of glycemic control if
diabetic.
 Do not breast feed while
taking this drug without
consulting physician.
DRUG DATA Classification Mechanism of Action Indication Contra- indication Adverse effect Nursing Intervention

Generic Name: hematologic Provides elemental iron, Iron Contraindicated Nausea  Between-meal doses are
Ferrous drugs an essential component deficiency In patient with peptic Epigastric pain Preferable, but drug can be given with
Sulfate in the formation of ulcer, ulcerative colitis Constipation foods, although absorption may be
hemoglobin or regional enteritis and Black stool decrease
Brand Name: those receiving repeated
Feosol blood transfusions  Monitor hemoglobin level,
hematocrit, and reticulocyte count
Dosage: 325mg/capsule during therapy as ordered

Frequency: One capsule  Tell the patient to take

once a day with food

Route: P.O  Instruct the patient not to

crush or chew
extended-release forms