Anda di halaman 1dari 12

1 ITU-R SM.

337-6 

ITU-R SM.337-6 



 
(2008-2007-1997-1992-1990-1974-1970-1963-1953-1951-1948)



. 
         !" # $% & ' ( )* +,- .


7&0 % 6
 50 4    &0 0 )!1 23


:B  CD 79): &0 ;< 4    =>%  ? ! 
5 @ 7 )A  ! 2 (
PGC H$% BI)J KL  MN:( MN
O F
PG UR! @ 'RS  
 & N:T BI)J Q $  MN
 F
P    & V)UW 4 N( > 4   C0 F
PY XZD [,  \J] ^ _N &!:3 MNS" Y 7. X" 7&% 2 (#
7(

d !* &C M?Z B-) N( b) a  UL)"  7
 ,- 4 M?;<   `L- 2 (_
PB!C 0" h! C) D 2fA V))g a  7G e>
7ij     & V)UW 4     &  2 (

: )  J" 7    & V)UW 4 (FD)  F  ldm 2k" 1

PG UR! @ MN:T BI)J KL  MN




d" 1.1

PG UR! @ 'RS  


  & N:T BI)J KL  MN


d" 2.1

  &  pq L" G  


 e> "J & N:( H" )I Nno

d" 3.1
s3 7MNS
L 7 J) &  Q lL s3 9L 71 hd 4 MN  )A &0! .
q" rf &
P2 hd 4 XI* N  .UI  d)d* .ON
&0Ct  
q "J N
 BJ! j 7&)J! +,- u  7     N

d" 4.1
QC w
 V))C a  7A SO C;)t 7
 4 MN:( 4 & ?Z !)x   2 BZL  . "J 
v
P
-D 
PX
q l      &0 0 KJO X!R [, ND]0 _fy

d" 5.1

)ZD {| 4 U) d &)J! Q 72i( N


" 7#  t < 4 ]N wz 2k" 2
.    & V)UW H"    I X) d B>UL =O 
" * 7 i} ));C
ITU-R SM.337-6  2

1 
  
e> 
  "J & N:( H" )I Nno )C< 
5 @ )A &0!C 9I* h ,- .

:B- L- ~)   .&    &  pq 
#J ? Y" {)x   )>] dL  € L ,L u) - (FDR)  
C! ,L F
P 

< 7
 l 
" nk  H" #J   ‚A u) B- (FD)   F
P I Cƒ  H" \I
H" )
" XL 9…! \I - (ITU-R BS.560 )* „] )  [f [    C A L F
C ] Δf +N
O  \ "J ? "J &%C  &C 2i 
L C ]
.XI]  &% +,†  &C 2i 
L
2)A 2% ‡ 7  
 l H" 
 2 O3 )o 2)  
C! ,L   
<D  Nˆ \JL  & L H" `D  = t 4 2
  .
 &C))  ?;i 2"J
"J & 
 B-   
 l H"    ‚ N)! & 
 ?" rf & L 

.C  ' ‰
UL …!  7  N
 H" 
 MN:3 CUn
5  , MNv  li   
L 
 
: ) O%!"
(1) I = Pt + Gt + Gr – Lb (d) – FDR (Δf ) dBW

:

 l  MN
O
(dB) : Pt
(dBi)  +z 4 
 l B> - l< :G t
(dBi) 
 l +z 4  B> - l< :G r
(dB)   
 l H" d   )A N( MN :Lb (d)
(ITU-R P.341 )* „] )



∫ P( f )df
0
(2) FDR(Δf ) = 10 log ∞ dB
2
∫ P( f ) H ( f + Δf ) df
0
3 ITU-R SM.337-6 

:Y)t
(IF) 
  MN:T Ši b  4 MN
 )I)x ;< :P(f)
 )>] :H(f)
Δf = ft − fr
:Y)t

 l QJ  :ft
.p   :fr
,L  7(OFR)  _N ,] (OTR) p)  ,] 7HCO s3 (FDR)  
C!
L =) i‹
.p) _N   
 l  € L 4R(
(3) FDR(Δf ) = OTR + OFR(Δf ) dB
:Y)t

∫ P( f )df
0
(4) OTR = 10 log ∞ dB
2
∫ P( f ) H ( f ) df
0

2
∫ P( f ) H ( f ) df
(5) OFR(Δf ) = 10 log 0 dB

2
∫ P( f ) H ( f + Δf ) df
0
: ) O%!" 9  X"t lZ 4 i‹ Œ)d  9S  C p)  ,L 

⎛B ⎞
(6) OTR ≈ K log ⎜⎜ T ⎟⎟ BR ≤ BT
⎝ BR ⎠
:Y)t
(Hz) dB 3 
 s3 ^!  \J] ^ : BR
(Hz) dB 3 
 l  \J] ^ :B T
iC ? & N:T 20 =K

.ŽL & N:( 20 =


ITU-R SM.337-6  4

2 
  
   
    

 1
4 .    &
v ;< 4  MN 3 )C  9CU 9'V iD " I
 O 2 ! .g {! 
(km) d0   ML ~I] 4 &%  = 2 l‘ :6 iD
  +,- ,k 7& L bJ &

&% 2i 2 l‘ 7
 Ok" (km) d1   MNW & L &%  = 2 l‘ C< 7
 Ok"

 O 2i .
OA &)Li s3 L"  .  C- CUL)" C) (km) d2   H LO J " IL
l‘ FD I
 O  K] [ :6  ’ “J M

 &)L 3 2 03 7.) 9C ! FD I


5   "J  J B C) ” \J] ~I] ‹
O M

 C„] ZD Ht hJ 2 p)J 
 
. •D ? •D C„]A  < H" FD I


 2
r,< lJ  
 s3 ^! G 
L 
  #t lJ FD I M

 M
O  J 23
. 
N)!

5

 
1.2

.B>S  BI)x  :H) H  # ,- pO


.
" nk C  "W  
 l C )I)J e>v  pO)  
 
pO @ 
  MN:(" *v MN
 )I)J ;i" )O !  2 
" 0 # ' 3  
4  &)J! 
! )nC C„]A   &! MN:3 \J] ^ @d )iD )L ;   
. )CO C„]A t
2 i‹ .G" *v Ši IF  "W e> ! 
" 0 7
" nk G" h! C) 
IF  "W ,CL uk< IF  t av \JL ^! dB 40 dB 6 ; QL &I*  .
q
.GC
: ) O%! J " 
– [, 7OCR(Δƒ) ! %  BI)J ! ;C 
+∞
2
∫ P( f ) H ( f + Δf ) df
(7) OCR (Δf ) = −10 log −∞ dB
+∞
∫ P( f )df
−∞
:Y)t
(W/Hz) M
t" 
 MN:( MN
 )I)J ;i :P(ƒ)

" nk C Ši IF  "W :H(ƒ)
.
 l   
" nk  H"   :Δƒ
5 ITU-R SM.337-6 

. I— _T )]


 
 2  =  (2) !  I— ? (7) ! 2 s3 ND 
MN
 p)x GC "! \JL H" l<  w
  ?< iD" pO OCR(Δƒ) 2 (7) ! 4 ŒR  
M
t  =)O s3 Ši ˜   ‚ 
MN
O s3 [’ j l<  w
  Δƒ M $ Q .
 MN:T
.OCR(Δƒ)
?< iD" h! B- 7MN:( H-" !  #t ' ™" š!  J 2™ 
 
 s3 L" 
s3 ^! C BA {J
L 
 MN:T B>t( Q $" X
q l  ND]0 _fCL"
.    &0 0 KJO &)* 4 r," * C< lL ND] _fy .
q 
" 0 .

)ZD  \J]  r,< .„L )iD  ' ( ,- Q X
q l  ND]0 _fy QJ" pO 
..„L \J] ^ 
v JL J)} ) Z› œ) 

  2.2

6; QR 4 .X" 9tC  9NR 


 2< f3  =i Œ) U)3 L0  J)" O%! +,- 2i  9
 9)C ~) ,- 2 03 .
" nk G • ŒC 2 i‹ @ ' A N-
" N)! ,- h! 2 l‘
~IL" 
 Q !  MN &)Li  C„]A  y M
 `L- 2 …! @ „L U  OA
= ž t 4 X" 9tC 
 …! { 7(dB) α C ]  . )L ;< N)!
C! r, .  J
: ) M  .
!"
)
(8) Pd − Pi ≥ α
:Y)t
" MN:(  :Pd
(dBW)

(dBW) 
 MN:(  :Pi
.(dB) C ] :α

 3.2

:6 dL  FD  M


O 
3 ' 3 e)q = 2 i‹
.
" nk C BA {J
L " MN:(  Pd (dBW) 

5 :1 
: ) Z) .
q" 
" nk C BA {J
L zL 
 

5 :2 
(9) Pi = Pt + Gr − L p − OCR (Δf )

:Y)t
(dBW) 
 l C (e.i.r.p.) )tL œi !D MN
 : Pt
(dBi) BtL B> † s3 L" 0 B> - l< :G r
ND]0 ? MN :Lp
.(7) ! 4 XL …m C< Δƒ " I ML _N ,L  :OCR(Δƒ)
.OCR =)
! 2  09
"  x .
 2 )* +,-  {
U  . )R  )n +,- 4 
q OCR =)O 23
ITU-R SM.337-6  6

I H" 9)CON C•  O% \:0 (8) ! 4 +% H N  2 1 H Jv  Pi Pd .
q :3 
.9tC 
 X) 2i ˜  d " I  Δƒ "

  4.2

BC N Q $" 9 ;j 7 )!I œ) 4 7nk  4 lW  =L v &0t 4  MN:( U„
Ÿ . )    2i 2 7 ,- v ?nk  Ž !   7  MN:(  BZL  .[
?nk ~i! [, 7
 l N
  
" nk  H" #J (V! ) I

d 
" ' 3
:6 - ' ( ,- 7lW
C!" rf 7[   
 l)  
 l N
 QL {
• #J I #t :1 
: ) O%!
(10) LI = Pt + Gr − ( Pmin − α) − OCR (Δf ) −10 log(10 N /10 −1)

:Y)t
(dB) 
  “C N
 2CR {
• X" nk QO  
 N
 H" #J I :LI
(dBW) 
 l C (e.i.r.p.) )tL œi !D MN
 : Pt
(dBi) BtL B> †" h! 0 B> - l< :G r
(dBW) MN:T "J  O :Pmin
(dB) C ] :α
(7) ! 4  C< Δf   4 ML _N ,L  :OCR(Δf)
(dB) [! BC N v  - :N

 d
  Δf   @C)O (10) ! 4 ITU-R ? !C =>% ND] _fy .
q BJ! :2 
.X" “C i‹ [,

   ! 5.2


 #t
L N0 4 B> † V .UI ,’ 2 i‹ 7XI] QO 4 I—   N C„] M
 Q 
L
(HI) )A &)> † &%)iD H" V! ŒR B> † &)   )L ; 1 iD BJ!  . C„]A +,- H" C)
.(SI) >  (VI) C! 
B> † V<   B- H)> - H"   .(m) 7λ 7  x    9 B> † V
C!
H- ] Y)t  M B> - s3 B> -  V!  …!  .1
 ^¡ !  B> - s3 
 l
.)
"

____________________
1
 
         !"#$ %&'  ("$ %  )$ * +,-
..$ /0
7 ITU-R SM.337-6 

:(10c) (10b) (10a) ) &0! C!" #JOA )>Ln &)> - H" V! #t i‹
(10a) HI(dB) ≈ 22 + 20 log( x / λ )
(10b) VI(dB) ≈ 28 + 40 log( y / λ )
(10c) SI(dB) ≈ (VI − HI) ⋅ 2θ / π + HI
x 2i 
L &0! hJL  . C!   y 
 7 )A   x 
 7tan–1(y/x) B- θ (rad) Y)t
.λ  …< y 10λ  …<
)A N( MN ¢ (10c) (10b) (10a) &0! J " X)3 * = [, V! ,- – 2 i‹
.X f QO 4 HJ¢
 
L (9) ! 4 (Lp) ND]0 ? x  MNv  (1) ! 4 (Lb (d ))

1 iD

      
 




 y (m)

 
 


x (m)

(VI)   (


(HI)   ( 




x (m)

ٛ 
y (m) 


(SI)   (


0337-01
ITU-R SM.337-6  8

   
  
   3
N  )WUL NU|3   MI +,- 4 (LMR) … L    
q HI— H„] .
q ; N

&" &
L
O FDMA  TDMA fIL &)L Q H)ng  H)CON 3 2„L 2i 2 i‹ .+% UI*
&)L    ƒ f
¤ €>L 2i   )>] &J Ž!" BI)J N( !LO  £  @
N( !LO e> ~IL" QC  )>] 2 ^ 7; ,- 4 .H„L  [ U
q 2 i‹ )iD
. )CO C„]A s3 L"  ;‹ 2 QO  N - BI)J
:2 1 H
› 4 H„L" *v &R 0" eq  
1 
›
  !"#  $  
dBW 145 Pmin 
  
dB 18 α    
m 75 hb 
    ! " #$
MHz 450 ƒ %&'( ))$
dBW 20
  * e.i.r.p.

dBi 0
  * + (,-  ! ./
30 ε 01 2 34 56 (
S/m2–10 σ 71 2  89

s3 M
O J¢  M
O J¢ s3 M
O J¢  B- : … L    
v C„] 4 
 l) !"N Ÿ
 Y)t 7I N™" C„]A 4 . L J¢ s3 L J¢  M
O J¢ s3 L J¢  L J¢
7 )]n U  .£O ~I] 4 !"NA l)A  <
  2 i‹ 7 ~I]  L J}  M
 J}
03 „L t `L- ~) 6" I— &   L  M
 &J}  <  7_V N™" C„]A 4
7I )5 {
-  s3 L"  .M
O J¢ s3 L J¢  L J¢ s3 M
O J¢  H"A 4
;< 4 . C„]A H" V!   N
O …< lJ @ 
 t B- t  4 „L 03 t `L- ~)
s3 M
O J¢  
 # 2i  V  %100 #N  ZD M
 &J} 2 ^I 2 i‹ 7&0
.N0 4 w l) ,’ 0 r,   …< lJ  C)U #A M
O J¢
.U) „L = @ H„L &)<  i )CO €>L"  LMR C„]A ND]0 _fy 2o .
] {

    
 1.3

„] ) Ni]0" ND]0 _fy - M


O J¢ s3 M
O J¢  #A   +N) ¥ [, ND]0 _fy 23
:B C< ? MN  …! _fCL ,- CR .(ITU-R P.526 )*
(11) LPbb = LFS − LDIF/ FS

:Y)t
 'SI l" (dB) ? MN :LFS
:6< {! B- (dB)  'SI MN  Ni]0 MN :LDIF/FS
9 ITU-R SM.337-6 

⎛E ⎞
(12) LDIF / FS = 20 log ⎜⎜ DIF ⎟⎟ = F ( X ) + G (Y 1) + G (Y 2)
⎝ E FS ⎠
:Y)t
M
 &J} H" )   pO l< C)O :F(X)
M
 &J} &)> † ) &I N0  pO l< C)O :G(Y2) 7G(Y1)
M
 &J} &)> - H" )  :X
:B C< ! ) &)> † &I N :Y2 7Y1
(13) X = 2.2β f 1 / 3ae −2 / 3d

(14) Y = 9.6 × 10 −3 β f 2 / 3ae −1 / 3h1.2


:Y)t
1 + 1.6 K 2 + 0.75 K 4
(15) β=
1 + 4.5 K 2 + 1.35 K 4

:B #J0   ^N‰ )dJ )tC :K

(16) [
K = 0.36(ae f ) −1 / 3 (ε = 1) 2 + (18 000 σ / f ) 2 ] [ε
−1 / 4 2
+ (18 000 σ/ f ) 2 ] 1/ 2

:Y)t
^N‰ œi )L )tC :ε
(S/m) ^N‰ œi ) ( :σ
km 6 371  4/3 [ Ši ^NA JO p] :ae
(km) G   H"  :d
N(  :ƒ
.6   (m) 0  N( B> - KI N :h2 h1
(17) F ( X ) = 11 + 10 log( X ) – 17.6 X
(18) G(Y) ≅ 17,6 (Y – 1,1)1/2 – 5 log (Y – 1,1) – 8 for Y > 2
3
(19) G(Y) ≅ 20 log(Y + 0,1Y ) for 10 K < Y < 2
(20) G(Y) ≅ 2 + 20 log K + 9 log(Y/K)[log(Y/K) + 1] for K/10 < Y < 10 K
(21) G(Y) ≅ 2 + 20 log K for Y < K < 10
. ) )dJ )tC K 2i Y)t


 2.3


  1.2.3

,- 4 „L = { .Δƒ e¦ 


< OCR(Δf ) ML _N ,L  #t ' 3   (7) ! .
q
:  N @t 4 ;
.kHz 12,5 " C! .„] 4 
 kHz 25 " C! .„] :1 
ITU-R SM.337-6    10

.kHz 25 " C! .„] 4 


 kHz 12,5 " C! .„] :2 
.(kHz) Δƒ " I 
< OCR(Δf )  …! Ht 2 
› 4 H   )CO &R 0 H
2 
›
      !  (dB) OCR 
OCR(Δf ) :2  OCR(Δf ) :1  Δf
(dB) (dB) (kHz)
0≅ 0≅ 0
29 26,4 12,5
58,8 57,7 25
59 57,7 37,5

 "
  2.2.3

  7  " MN:( MN


 [ = Q $ ^ " 2 1 H
› 4 RI &C! s3 9L
: " "  MN
O  2i  .km 32 [… L .„L )JZ  %90   dB 17 2i )L
Pd = Pmin + LVF = – 128 dBW
.dBW 146− = Pd – α :  
  2i 76"
4 .
 ' ( u  £t
O  N

)O H   M
 &J} H" 7D 7 "J I & 23
.3 
› 4 €>L +,• eq H  . )n +,-
3 
›
(km) D #  $
 %&
(kHz) Δƒ ''  $
 () *&+ 

D :2  ,- 1  , Δf
(kHz)
(km)
107,5 0
72,5 12,5
33 25
33 37,5

*. /0 1  231  4! 3.2.3

4 MJ! &C! C!" 4 


› 4  C< v  † [ = N i:  LI #J V!  ˜
.4.2 MI 4 N<, 
 ' (  2 1 H
›
11 ITU-R SM.337-6 

4 
(dB)N  
    (dB)LI 
 
Δf
2  1 
(kHz)
10 = N 3=N 10 = N 3=N
173,46 183,02 173,46 183,02 0
144,46 154,02 147,06 156,62 12,5
114,66 124,22 115,76 125,32 25
114,46 124,02 115,76 125,32 37,5

.!  "#$  ( ) N 


     


 
   /
 4
C D,1 - B &   ' *+,  '-,/ 0  
1,2 34 567,8 9:;< :1
 :1
 =# > '-,  ?% @A%
GH IJ1 &   ' *+,  K,1 ' *+8 L M 9N8;O% P Q Q  R;  B 'E
,F2 &   ' *+,    > .' *+, 
.'-, / 567, 'E
,F B  
2    @F2 W/5,8 9:HS JT UV5
:;OX F JV,2 
 L 9'
,F  YX :;F IF 
,VZ U[ \F L7/ ]5,@Z ?% ^ 1,V
c8 aAb  R/ (SINAD) `+,  aAb  Bb,8 dB 12 IF8 '-,  ?% :;O% F _,X    /J2
L*8 9dBW 20 IF8 e.i.r.p. :;
 =# V52 '* L de,F8 5f ab#  gF :;F- L dBW 145–
:567,2 
,F2 Jk 1H '-,  :;S F/ l1,  'R B [S MHz 470j410 iJ1  'R B @F2/ 5,  :HS
:_P1  C > '-, /
(22) P = 2 PN + PF − 0.57 − 60 log(δf )
:n 
(dBW) '-, / 567,2 '
,F2 BH o1  '-,  :;S V :P
'-, / 567,2 'E
,F2 58 ?% p5S4 ` 58 L* IC  'V52 B (dBW) 
,F2 :;
 :P N
'-, / 567,2 'E
,F2 58 B !/4 ` 58 L* IC  'V52 B (dBW) 
,F2 :;
 : PF
.(MHz) \5
 'V52  !  'V52  58 N/ 5,  'q@ :δƒ
: > N8;O% P Q Q  R;  B &   ' *+,  5r3 9MHz 460 IF  R 58 de,V/
(23) d ⋅ δf ≤ 0.17
-,2 :;
 V N/ dB 6 c t  ]5,@ S .5,
 JT B :R, JT N/ @F2 d 'Qs n 
 JT L*8 L  *% ?% ^53 .ITU-R SM.1134  u,  > : #2 !2 5@,8 L B*v .   :;
 V
de,F L 1H \x 9&   ' *+,  K,1 > \5S 'V5   !/ 'V5 I 9'-, A5!, 
,F Jw  1!
'-,  Z &w12 i@ F2 '/
8 .2 '*+  > 1 2 @F2/ 5,  HS S% 1H A &w12 y B &w12
.B*2 '-,  Z F2 `C z{ L*8 |  }8 '/
8 N > F2
ITU-R SM.337-6  12

'*+ 
2

)23' ( )*+ ),! )


- ).0 1 &' /% $!"#
567 89 44 .! 1


(km) d 

(MHz) δf 


    


δf    d :A 
2δf    2d :B 

   5
HS de,V/ Z^  :;< :1
 > :1
 =# > '-,  €
8 B / Z 95,
 :R Jk 58 ~ q 'R B
'-,/  1! L*8 L B*2 B |  :R,2 Jk > 531  €, 9H
 `C  8 !/ .V12 @F2/ 5, 
 > 'q# ' { } P y, L B*v .&   ' *+, @F2/ 5,  :HS ?% ^ 1,V 5,
2 Jk y &   ' *+, 
. !    H1Ju ‚[H 0,!8 Z  u,  `C > : ;  ' w,  L ?% :;OX B / Z .H
 `C  8 dH

__________

Anda mungkin juga menyukai