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com  5  2019 -  7

    ?


��.   �   �  � � � 2.5
 (Pollution)

 CO2  �. �  �   �� 
� �   (CO2)  � �  �,  �  
� �  ��  � �   ��. �� �.
��.  � �� � .          
      � � � �  ��    �   � �  �� �
 �� ��. . ��   �  �.
� � , � �� ��   ��   . � ��  �, �, �
��, ��  ��  � �� ,  ��  �� � �    
   . SO2    � ��  � � �� .
�   �� � �.    (BOD)

  �� �  �� � �  � � � �   �  �   ��   
� . , � . � � ��  �  
�� � �� �� �  � �� , , � �.

(Pollutants) �.  �� � ��. � � �  �  , , 
 -  � �, � � �    ��  �. 9989535675
�   � �   �.
� ��  �� � � SO2  �   � , 
� �   �. INTERMEDIATE � ��   , �,
� �� . .. s p e c i a l
1. � � (Air Pollution) � � SO2 �� �  � �, �, �, ,   �
2.  �  � (Water Pollution)  �,  � �� J U N I O R � �� �.
3. � � (Soil or Land Pollution) � �    �� BOD, COD
�  � � ��  �� ,
.   �  � �  � �  �� �  �.
�   � � ��  � �  �� �   ��  �� 
, � ��� .  �� � ��  �� 
  (Air Pollution) � ��. �� �.
�. � � ��� �� BOD �  � � �, �,
� �   � �� � �� � �  �, 
 . � �� �.   �� �. �, �  � �.
��  �� �. � �   ��   
� ��  � �   � �  � �,
 ��
�� . � � �   �  � �� � � ��
 � � �.  ��. �   �  � �  � � �
� ��   �� ��   � �  � �� �
�� � �� � �   �     ,  ��  �   �.
� �� �   ��.  � BOD  �� � � DDT, � ��  � 
 . �.  ���  �
� �� ��  � � � �. �
    .   �   DDT  . DDT
� ��   �  �  �� �  ��
 78.09 �,  20.94 �, � � � ��    � �  ��� . � 
�   �    � �.     0.002 PPb �  �  � 
0.93 �, �   0.03 � �.  � �� �. 
�  � �  � .  �.  �� , �  � 
� �� � � (�) �       , � 5PPB .  �� 
� � ���   � �. �.  ���,  
� � �� �,  �   � �.  �� , DDT � � �� � �
 .  � ��.   � �� . 
 � �. :
� �� � �, �   �     � � � � ��  � ��  
1. � � �  (�)  � ,  �� �.  �. ��  �� �
�  ��  �� �. �, �    �
   �  � (  �)    .
  .      � � �� 
� � �� (CO), �   (CO2), 2.  � � � �� �
   (SO2), � ,  �.     � � � � ��� �  �
   .  � �. ��     �� ��
� �� � ��  �
� ��.   �� � � (��)  ��  �. �.
 �. � �. �   ��   �    � ��  � �, � 
.   (CO)    �. � � .   �� .
� ��  � �  .     � �, ���    � �  � � � � � , �
� �� � �� �  � � �� � �.  � � �� � �� �
� ��  .
�   �, � �� � ��
 � �� �.  �  ���    � �.
�  , �   � � �, �, �, �  �  �� � �,  � 
   � �� �
�. �� (��   �� � �� � .  ���. � 
� ��, �, �     �   ) �.    �.
� � � ,   �   �� �  ��� � ���  ��  
�,  ,   
 � � ��   ��  �,  ,   ,  � �� � � �� � 
� �� ��.  , � ,  � �. � � � �.
� �� �   � �
� �  �  � �, ,  � �, , �, � �,  � �  ���  �
  � .    �� �� ��, ��  ,  � �    �.
� � � � �  � ��. �� �� �� �. � ��� �  � 
��  � . �   �    
  (Water Pollution) � � �.   � � �.
�  �� CO  �, �
� �  � .   � �. �  � ��  ��  �  
   �� �.  � ��   �  , 
� CO  �� �   �  � 90 �    � � �   �  . ,
�. , �� �   � ��� ��  �� 
.  �� �  �� 
.    (CO2) � �  � 97 � �   �� � .  
  .   � � �. � /  �� �.
� � � , ��, �
� �. 3 �  �     �  � �� , � 
�,  �, �� � �  �  �, ��
   �   �   � �. �  �  ��  
�   � �   ��, � � ���  �.  �  �
   �  � �� (, �)   
. �  �  . � �     ��
�   ��  � ��  �  �� ��. �  �� .
�   �� CO2 
10  5  2019 -  ntnews.com ntadilabad.com

Sr. INTER MATHEMATICS (IIB)


MODEL PAPER – 1
TIME: 3 HOURS Max. MARKS: 75

MOHD FAROOQ ALI


KHALID
PGT MATHEMATICS
TELANGANA MODEL SCHOOL
& JR. COLLEGE
M THURKAPALLY
YADADRI BHONGIR
9849629601

23.

MODEL PAPER – 2
TIME: 3 HOURS Max. MARKS: 75

MODEL PAPER – 3
TIME: 3 HOURS Max. MARKS: 75
16 Á‹tyÓ˛ ÚflO˝ßÊ˛-Δ>-ªÍßä˛ ∑ ‘Ë˝∞–ÈΔÊˇÖ 5 fØ˲–ö˛« 2019 www.andhrajyothy com .
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∞ΔÊˇ”-Áfl˝◊˝ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝*À$ –ö˛ÖsÏ˝ Δˇ–˛Ø˲*≈ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝$Ö EÖr$Ö®. AØÛ˛Mʸ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶À$, ›ÎΔÊˇtã≥fi, {Á≥øÊ˝$-ô˲”-ΔÊˇÖVʸ &18 ∫Áfl˝ì‚Ê˝ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ —ØÈ≈›ÎÃZœ CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ØÛ˛“
∫y˛jså˝ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-Á≥#-ÀØ˲$ –ö˛N≈Áfl˝-ô˲√-MʸÖV> QΔÊˇ$a Ú≥yÊ˛$ô˲* Á‹ÖÁ‹¶À$ øÍΔÊˇô˲ Ú‹O∞Mʸ ßÊ˛‚ÍÀ M¯Á‹Ö Ø˲$Ö_ Á‹‡≈{® Ø˙Mʸ {¥ÎÜ-∞´ßÊ˛≈Ö –ö˛Ìfl˝Ö-_Ö®.
–ö˛$Ø˲ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö B´ßÊ˛$-∞Mʸ ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ —–ö˛*-ØÈÀ$, Ø˙MʸÀ$, ßÛ˛÷-ƒÊ˝$ÖV> ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö, ƒÊ˝$$Ø˛O-sÒ˝yä˛ MϸÖVä¸yÊ˛–í˛$ –ö˛$´ßÊ˛≈ E–ö˛$√yÏ˛ Ø˙-M>-
BƒÊ˝$$´ßëÀØ˲$ MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ ^Û˛›˘¢Ö®. ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ —ØÈ≈Á‹Ö Ø˲–ö˛Ö-∫ΔÊˇ$ 28 Ø˲$Ö_ yÏ˛Ú‹Ö-∫Δäˇ 6 –ö˛ΔÊˇMʸ$
2017ÃZ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ ∫y˛jså˝ MÛ¸sÍ-Δˇ$$Ö-Á≥#À ßë”Δ> D ΔÊˇÖVʸÖÚ≥O V¯–È °ΔÊˇÖÃZ f«WÖ®.
A´®Mʸ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝$Ö ^Û˛ı‹ I߯ Ú≥ßÊ˛™ ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖV> G®-WÖ®. {Á≥Á≥Ö-^˲ÖÃZ Ú‹Ú≥tÖ-∫-ΔÊˇ$ÃZ Δ>ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ B{ı‹t-Õ-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ ØÛ˛“ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö-
Aô˲≈-´®Mʸ yÏ˛ÚúØå˛fi ∫y˛jså˝ MʸÕWØ˲ ßÛ˛‘ÈÀ$ –ö˛ΔÊˇ$-Á‹V> A–˛$-«M>, _Ø˲ ∫Áfl˝ì-¥Î-ÑϸMʸ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ ’Ñʸ◊˝ "MʸM>yÊ˛$&2018'ÃZ
^˛OØÈ, ›˚© AΔÛˇ-ºƒÊ˝*, ΔÊˇ⁄Î≈, øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö. øÍΔÊˇô˲ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ Ø˙Mʸ Á‹‡≈{® ¥ÎÃüYÖ®. C® Bı‹â-Õ-
¥ÎMϸ-›Î¶Øå˛, ^˛OØÈ –ö˛Δˇfi-ã‹ øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö ƒÊ˝*-ÃZ∞ y뫔دœ, M>M>yÊ˛$ ØÛ˛ÁŸ-Ø˲Ãå˝ ¥ÎΔäˇP Á‹“$-
Á≥ÖÃZ f«WÖ®.
¥ÎMϸ-›Î¶Øå˛ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ ∫y˛jså˝ ΔÊˇ*.67,500 M¯r$œ. C® A–˛$-«M>, f¥ÎØå˛ô¯ øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö-
øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲- ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ ∫y˛jså˝ MʸÖsÙ˝ ßëßëÁ≥# IßÊ˛$ Δˇr$œ _Ø˲ {ô˛O¥Î-ÑϸMʸ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ –È≈ƒÊ˝*–ö˛$Ö "–ö˛$À-ªÍΔäˇ
ô˲Mʸ$P-–ö˛. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ Vʸô˲ Á‹Ö–ö˛-ô˲fi-ΔÊˇÖ -MʸÖsÙ˝ & 18' lÃÒ˝OÃZ V>”–í˛$ –ö˛ßÊ˛™ f«WÖ®. D
¥ÎMϸ-›Î¶Øå˛ ô˲Ø˲ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ ∫y˛j-så˝Ø˲$ 20 —ØÈ≈Á‹ÖÃZØ˲* Á‹‡≈{® ¥ÎÃüYÖ®.
‘ÈôË˛Ö Ú≥Ö_Ö®. CsÓ˝–ö˛À M>ÀÖÃZ
A–˛$-«M> Ø˲$Ö_ øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ôÈ Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$Ö
¥ÎMϸ›Î¶Øå˛Mʸ$ ô˲Vʸ$Yô¯Ö®. ¥ÎMä¸ øÊ˝*
øÍVÊ¸Ö Ø˲$Ö_ °{–ö˛-–ÈßÊ˛ {Vʸ*Á≥#À$
Á≥∞ ^Û˛Á‹$¢ÖyÊ˛rÖô¯ B -ßÛ˛‘È∞Mϸ C^Û˛a EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*VʸÁ≥yÊ˛$-
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Ú‹tØå˛fi∞ A–˛$«M> ∞Õ-Ì≥-–Û˛-Ì‹Ö®. ^˛OØÈMʸ$ —yÏ ˛ 22,000 AyÊ˛$-Vʸ$À Gô˲$¢ÃZ GVʸΔÊˇVʸÀ$Vʸ$ôÈΔˇ$$.
–ö˛$Ø˲-MʸÖsÙ˝ BΔÊˇ$ ÀÑʸÀ –ö˛$Ö® Ú‹OØ˲≈Ö GMʸ$P–ö˛V> øÍV>ÀØ˲$ øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲-ßÛ˛-‘Ë˝ÖÃZ ßÊ˛Ñϸ◊˝ ØÛ˛–ö˛Ãå˝ Mʸ–ö˛*Öyä˛ Ìú{∫-–ö˛-«ÃZ IG-Øå˛-Gã‹ VʸΔÊˇ$yÊ˛
EÖ®. ßëßë-Á≥#V> 1,200 —$Õr-» ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ —–ö˛*-ØÈ-ÀØ˲$ sÍsÍ yÏ˛ÚúØå˛fi Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ô¯ MʸÕÌ‹ Á‹ÖƒÊ˝$$-Mʸ¢ÖV> ô˲ƒÊ˝*-»Mϸ –ö˛ßÊ˛™ CÖsÏ˝-{VÛ¸-sÒ˝yä˛ BsZ-–Û˛$-sÏ˝Mä¸ H—-ƒÙ˝$-ÁŸØå˛ –˛$sÏ˝-ƒÒ˝*-Δ¯-ÃÍ-h-
EÖyÊ˛V> øÍΔÊˇôå˛ÃZ 785 –ö˛*{ô˲–Û˛$ EØÈ≤Δˇ$$. JÁ≥µÖßÊ˛Ö Mʸ$®-«Ö®. MʸÃå˝ Ì‹Á‹t–í˛$Ø˲$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. MÛ¸ΔÊˇ‚Ê˝ Δ>{ÁŸtÖ-ÃZ∞ Mˆ_aÃZ
AÃÍVÛ¸ øÍΔÊˇôå˛ ∫-ΔÊˇ$ÃZ øÍΔÊˇô˲ M¯ã‹t V>Δäˇz CÖyÏ˛ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ GΔˇ$$Δäˇ∏˘Δäˇfi ∏ÎÀPØå˛&16Ø˲$ MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ ^Û˛ı‹ EØ˲≤ JMʸ øÍΔÊˇ-°ƒÊ˝$ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ GΔˇ$$Δäˇ Ù‹tÁŸØå˛ VʸΔÊˇ$yÊ˛. C®
–˛$$ßÊ˛sÏ˝ ªÍ≈^å˛ GΔˇ$$Δäˇ Mʸ$ÁŸØå˛ –˛Ìfl˝-MϸÃå˝ (HÌ‹—) MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ A–ö˛-M>-‘ÈÀ$ EØÈ≤Δˇ$$, AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ A–˛$-«M> –ÈsÏ˝∞ ı≥ΔÊˇ$ ØÈÀ$V¯ –˛O–ö˛*-∞Mʸ MÛ¸Ö{ßÊ˛Ö CÖsÏ˝-{VÛ¸-sÒ˝yä˛ BsZ-–Û˛$-sÏ˝Mä¸ H—-ƒÙ˝$-
{Ü—´ßÊ˛ ßÊ˛‚ÍÀ$ A´ßÊ˛$-ØÈ-ô˲Ø˲ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. C— Á‹Ö{Á≥-ßëƒÊ˝$ Ø˙MʸÀ MʸØÈ≤ –ö˛$«Öô˲ B´ßÊ˛$-∞-Mʸ-–˛$O- –ö˛*«a GÖ.GÖ.BΔäˇ.Ì‹.H 2.0 V> AÖ®Á‹$¢Ö®. ÁŸØå˛ Ì‹Á‹t–í˛$ô¯ ôˆ—$√® Ø˙M> GΔˇ$$Δäˇ Ù‹tÁŸØ˲œÀØ˲$ B´ßÊ˛$-±-Mʸ-«Ö-
BƒÊ˝$$-´ßëÀ$, ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ —–ö˛*-ØÈÀ$, ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛Æ Ø˙Mʸ-ÀØ˲$ Ø˲—, EØ˲≤-ô˲-–˛$O-Ø˲—. CÁ‹$Mʸ, Fº, _ô˲¢-yÏ˛-ØÛ˛-ÀÀ$, ∞›ÎfiΔÊˇ ±sÏ˝ yÏ˛BΔäˇyÏ˛K –ö˛*Ø˲-–ö˛-ΔÊˇ-Ìfl˝ô˲ H«-ƒÊ˝$Ãå˝ –ÈÁfl˝ØË˛Ö ^˲Ø˲$ØÈ≤ΔÊˇ$. C߯ {Á≥Ü⁄Îx-ô˲√Mʸ {Á≥◊Í-„Mʸ. ªÒ˝ÖVʸ-‚Ê˝î-ΔÊˇ$Mʸ$
Á‹–ö˛$Mʸ*ΔÊˇ$aMʸ$Ör* EÖsÍΔˇ$$. B {Mʸ–ö˛$ÖÃZ 2018ÃZ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ “$ßÊ˛ Mʸ*yë ^ÈÃÍ GMʸ$P–ö˛ –Û˛VʸÖô¯ {Á≥ƒÊ˝*-◊Ï˝Ö-^˲-yë-∞Mϸ ΔÊˇ$›˘¢Ö&II∞ Eô˲µÜ¢ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$rÖ {¥ÎΔÊˇÖ-¿Ö-_Ö®. 2020 ^˛Ö®Ø˲ BÃÍπ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ sÒ˝M>≤-Àiô¯ BƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ›Î–ö˛${W ô˲ƒÊ˝*
‘ÈQ Mϸ֮ –ÈsÏ˝∞ MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. AØ˲$Mʸ*ÀÖV> EÖsÍΔˇ$$. BΔÊˇ$ ÀÑʸÀ MʸÀ-ÌŸ≤-M¯–í˛ GM¸&103 ØÈsÏ˝Mϸ EÁ≥ƒÒ˝*WÖ^˲yë∞Mϸ C— Ì‹ßÊ˛¶ÖV> EÖsÍΔˇ$$. D », Á‹ΔÊˇ-ÁúΔ> M¯Á‹Ö ΔÊˇ*.45 M¯rœ JÁ≥µÖßë∞≤ fØ˲–ö˛«ÃZ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝
AM¯t-∫ΔäˇÃZ ΔÊˇ⁄Î≈ Ø˲$Ö_ IßÊ˛$ Gã‹ &400 ÑϸÁ≥-◊˝$À ΔˇOÌú‚Ê˝ìœ ô˲ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-sÍ-∞Mϸ ΔÊˇ⁄Î≈ô¯ JÁ≥µÖ-ßë∞≤ øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲- Hyë® Ìú{∫-–ö˛-«ÃZ MʸΔ>~-r-Mʸ-ÃZ∞ _{ô˲-ßÊ˛$-ΔÊˇYÃZ HΔ¯-ØÈ-sÏ˝-MʸÃå˝ –ö˛$Ö{Üô˲” ‘ÈQ Mʸ$ßÊ˛$-ΔÊˇ$a-Mʸ$Ö®. D BƒÊ˝$$´ßÊ˛ ›Î–ö˛${W EøÊ˝-
MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ JÁ≥µÖßÊ˛Ö Mʸ$ßÊ˛$-ΔÊˇ$a-MˆÖ®. Gã‹&400 ÑϸÁ≥◊Ï˝ HMʸ-M>- ßÛ˛‘Ë˝Ö QΔ>ΔÊˇ$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. AΔˇ$$ôÛ˛ D ΔˇOÌúÃå˝fi øÍΔÊˇ-ô˲-ßÛ˛‘Ë˝ÖÃZØÛ˛ sÒ˝ã‹t ΔÛˇÖgå˝ÃZ ΔÊˇ$›˘¢Ö&II —f-ƒÊ˝$-–ö˛Ö-ô˲ÖV> Á≥»-ÑϸÖ-^ÈΔÊˇ$. ƒÊ˝$-^˲ΔÊˇ ¥˘Δ>r –ÈÁfl˝ØË˛Ö ªZ—-–ÈƒÊ˝* –ö˛$ÌŸØÈ Ú≥M¯sÏ˝
ÀÖÃZ 72 ÑϸÁ≥-◊˝$-ÀØ˲$ –ö˛ßÊ˛Õ 36 ÀÑ>≈-ÀØ˲$ ØÈ‘Ë˝ØË˛Ö ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$- ô˲ƒÊ˝*ΔÊˇ–ö˛#-ôÈΔˇ$$. Á≥ΔÊˇ≈-–Û˛-Ñʸ◊˝, ∞Áú* M>ΔÊˇ≈-Mʸ-ÃÍ-¥Î-ÀØ˲$ ∞ΔÊˇ”-Ìfl˝Ö-^˲-yë-∞Mϸ (ºGÖÌ≥ 2) Ø˲$Ö_ EÁ≥-ƒÒ˝*-WÖ-^˲-yë-∞Mϸ A–ö˛-Á‹ΔÊˇÖ. ›˘—-
Vʸ-ÀßÊ˛$. øÍΔÊˇô˲ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Í∞Mϸ ^˛Ö®Ø˲ HyÊ˛$ yÏ˛{›Ît-ƒÊ˝$Δäˇ Ø˙Mʸ- CÖyÏ˛-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö "CØ˲π-ΔÛˇ√-ÁŸØå˛ Áú#≈fØå˛ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ'Ø˲$ ƒÊ˝$så˝ ƒÊ˝$*∞-ƒÊ˝$Øå˛ Ø˲$Ö_ 1980ÀÃZ ®Vʸ$-–ö˛$Ü ^Û˛Á‹$-MˆØ˲≤
ÃZœ EÖ^˲-yë-∞Mϸ ∫Δ>Mä¸&8∞ MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ∫Δ>Mä¸&8 ƒÊ˝$$ßÊ˛¶ –ÈÁfl˝ØË˛Ö ºGÖÌ≥ 2.
ÃÍÖVä¸ ΔÛˇÖgå˝ Á‹ΔÛˇπã‹ r$ GΔˇ$$Δäˇ —$Ú‹OfiÃå˝Ø˲$ yÏ˛BΔäˇyÏ˛J, 2018ÃZ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ BƒÊ˝$$-´ßÊ˛ MˆØ˲$-V¯‚Ê˝œ –ö˛$$RÍ≈Ö-‘ÈÀ$ M>À”» M>œã‹ fÃÍÖ-ô˲-Δ>Y-–ö˛$$-ÀMʸ$ ^˛Ö®Ø˲ IG-Øå˛-Gã‹
C{gÍ-ƒÒ˝$Ãå˝ HΔ¯ı‹µã‹ CÖyÊ˛-{Ô‹tã‹ Á‹ÖƒÊ˝$$-Mʸ¢ÖV> A¿-–ö˛ñ®Æ MʸΔÊˇÖgå˝ AØÛ˛ fÃÍÖ-ô˲-Δ>Y-—$∞ fØ˲-–ö˛« 31 øÍΔÊˇô˲ ØÈ—-M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö
^Û˛‘ÈΔˇ$$. 2017ÃZ øÍΔÊˇô˲ Ú‹OØ˲≈Ö ∫Δ>Mä¸&8 øÊ˝*ô˲À ÑϸÁ≥-◊˝$- Á‹–ö˛$$-{ßÊ˛Á≥# øÊ˝{ßÊ˛ô˲, Ìfl˝ÖßÊ˛* –ö˛$‡-Á‹-–ö˛$${ßÊ˛ {¥ÎÖôÈ-ÀMʸ$ Á‹–ö˛$$-{ßÊ˛Ö-ÃZMϸ –ö˛®-ÕÖ®. D fÃÍÖ-ô˲-Δ>Y-—$∞ {ÚúÖ^å˛ Ø˙M>-
ÀØ˲$ MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. Á‹–ö˛*-^ÈΔÊˇ –ö˛*«µ-yÏ˛∞ —Á‹¢-«Ö-^Û˛Ö-ßÊ˛$Mʸ$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. ßÊ˛‚Ê˝ ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ yÏ˛gÒ˝OØå˛ ^Û˛Ì‹Ö®. –ö˛$$ÖªÒ˝OÃZ∞ –ö˛$f-V>Øå˛ yëMä¸
Á‹$–ö˛*ΔÊˇ$ ΔÊˇ*.6500 –Û˛À M¯rœ —À$–ö˛ VʸÀ HÚfl˝^å˛ 64 Áfl˝Δ>≈-ØÈ-ÃZ∞ Vʸ$Δ>Y–í˛ÃZ "CØ˲π-ΔÛˇ√-ÁŸØå˛ –Û˛$ØÛ˛gå˝–˛$Öså˝ AÖyä˛ ÌŸã≥ ºÀzΔäˇ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ ©∞∞ ∞«√Ö-_Ö®. 2003ÃZ EÁ≥-Á‹Ö-Áfl˝-
A¥Î` Úfl˝Õ-M>-Á≥tΔÊˇ$œ, Á‹Ö∫Ö-´®ô˲ BƒÊ˝$$-´ßëÀ$, Ú‹Ø˲fiΔÊˇ$œ, AØÈ-Õ-Ì‹ã‹ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇ'(IG-–í˛$-GÌ‹) –ö˛ßÊ˛™ Á‹–ö˛*-^ÈΔÊˇ Áú#≈fØå˛ «Ö-_Ø˲ fÃÍÖ-ô˲-Δ>Y—$ IG-Øå˛-Gã‹ MʸΔÊˇÖgå˝ ı≥ΔÛˇ Mˆô˲¢ fÃÍÖ-ô˲-
—$ÌŸØå˛ Ì‹Á‹t–í˛$fi, Ì‹–ö˛$$≈-ÃÙ˝-r-ΔÊˇœØ˲$ MˆØ˲$-V¯À$ ^Û˛ƒÊ˝$-yë-∞Mϸ Ú‹ÖrΔäˇØ˲$ HΔ>µr$ ^Û˛‘ÈΔÊˇ$. {Á≥–ö˛*-ßÊ˛-Mʸ-ΔÊˇ-–˛$OØ˲ ÃÙ˝ßë MϸœÁŸt Á≥«- Δ>Y-—$-Ú≥-sÍtΔÊˇ$. ΔÊˇ*.4,941 M¯rœ –ö˛≈ƒÊ˝$Öô¯ BΔÊˇ$ Á‹”ßÛ˛÷ ØÈØå˛
A–˛$-«M>Mʸ$ ^˛Ö®Ø˲ ªZΔˇ$$ÖVä¸ Á‹ÖÁ‹¶ô¯ JÁ≥µÖßÊ˛Ö Mʸ$ßÊ˛$-ΔÊˇ$a- Ì‹¶ô˲$ÃZœ fÃÍÖ-ô˲-Δ>Y—$ GMʸP-y˛OØÈ _Mʸ$P-Mʸ$-Ø˲≤-Á≥#µyÊ˛$ –ÈsÏ˝∞ fØ˲-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸØå˛ B∏˘¤Δäˇ Ú≥{sZÃå˝ –˛Á‹fiÃå˝fi(G∞j-K-Ì≥—) MˆØ˲$-V¯À$
MˆÖ®. A–˛$-«M> ΔÊˇÑʸ◊˝ —øÍV>∞Mϸ ^˛Ö®Ø˲ yÏ˛ÚúØå˛fi Ú‹Mʸ*≈- Vʸ$«¢Ö_ –˛ÕMϸ °Ì‹ Á‹‡ƒÊ˝$ ^˲ΔÊˇ≈À$ ^Û˛Á≥-rt-yë-∞Mϸ yÓ˛ã≥ Á‹ªÒ˝√- M¯Á‹Ö yÏ˛ÚúØå˛fi GMϸ”-h-ÁŸØå˛ M˙∞fiÃå˝ Ø˲$Ö_ BVʸ-Á‹$tÃZ Ø˙M>-ßÊ˛-
«sÓ˝ M¯&B-Á≥-ΔÛˇ-ÁŸØå˛ HgÒ˝±fi D JÁ≥µÖßë∞≤ B–˛*-®Ö-_Ö®. ΔˇjØå˛fi ΔˇÁ‹*P≈ –˛Ú‹Ãå˝Ø˲$ øÍΔÊˇô˲ ØÈ—-M>-ßÊ˛‚Ê˝Ö yÏ˛Ú‹Ö-∫ΔäˇÃZ ‚Í-∞Mϸ AØ˲$-–ö˛$Ü À¿Ö-_Ö®.
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Materials required for photosynthesis


Nutrition (b) What is emulsification of fats?
(c) Which protein digesting enzyme is
is a function of the guard cells. The guard
cells swell when water flows into them
present in pancreatic juice? causing the stomatal pore to open. G.Srawana Chandra
Important Question & Answers A: (a) (i) It sterilises food by killing Similarly, the pore closes if the guard cells
Senior Faculty
1. (a) Write the balanced chemical equa- pathogens and other microbes. shrink. As large amount of water is lost
tion for the process of photosynthesis, (ii) It has a pH of 2, which is perfect for through these stomata, the plant closes
(b) When do the desert plants take up entyaus such as pepsin to break down pro- these pores when it does not require car-
carbon dioxide and perform photosyn- teins as effectively as possible. bon dioxide for photosynthesis.
thesis? (iii) Helps emulsify food (digestion of 9. What are the final products after diges-
A: (a) Photosynthesis can be represented protein and stimulates the pancreas to tion of carbohydrates and proteins? 10th - BIOLOGY
using a chemical equation. The overall produce A: The final product produced after digestion
balanced equation is: digestive enzymes and bile) and protects of carbohydrates is glucose and of pro- Pancreas.
against harmful ‘ bacteria teins is amino acids. (c) Name the organ which performs the
(b) Breakdown of large gloubule fats into 10. What is saliva? State its role in the following functions in humans:
smaller fats droplets is known as emulsifi- digestion of food. (i) Absorption of digested food
cation. A: Saliva is a watery fluid secreted by the (ii) Absorption of water.
(b) Desert plants open up their stomata (c) Trypsin is the enzyme secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth. The diges-
during night and take in CO2. Stomata pancreas which aids in digestion of pro- tive functions of saliva include moisten-
remains close during the day time to pre- teins. ing food, and helping to create a food
vent the loss of water by transpiration. 7. In human alimentary canal, name the bolus, so it can be swallowed easily.
They store the CO2 in their cells until the site of complete digestion of various Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that
sun comes out and they can carry on with components of food. Explain the breaks some starches down into maltose
photosynthesis during the day time. process of digestion. and dextrin.
2. In single celled organisms diffusion is A: In small intestine, complete digestion of 11. Explain the process of nutrition in
sufficient to meet all their requirements various components of food take place. Amoeba.
of food, exchange of gases or removal of The process of digestion of food in mouth, A: Amoeba is an important protozoa found in
wastes but it is not in case of multicel- stomach and small intestine in human fresh water. It feeds on microscopic plants
lular organisms. Explain the reason for body are as follows: and animals present in water. The mode of
this difference. Mouth: Digestion of food begins in the nutrition in amoeba is Holozoic. And the
A: Unicellular organisms can absorb suffi- mouth. Saliva present in mouth contains a process of obtaining food by amoeba is
cient oxygen because of its complete con- digestive enzyme, called salivary amy- called phagocytosis. The different
tact with the atmosphere, but in multicel- lase, maltose and dextrins, which breaks processes involved in the nutrition of
lular organisms the rate of absorption and down starch into sugar. amoeba are: (b) Liver: It synthesize and store bile
diffusion becomes very less because all Stomach: Stomach stores and mixes the juice secreted by gall bladder which
cells are not in direct contact with the food received from the oesophagus with breaks down fats into fat globules.
atmosphere. Multicellular organisms gastric juices. The main components of (c) The organ which performs the follow-
require greater amount of oxygen to sus- gastric juice are hydrochloric acid, mucus ing functions in humans are as follows:
tain life processes which cannot be ful- and pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid dis- Pancreas: It secretes pancreatic juice
filled by the process of diffusion. solves bits of food and creates an acidic which contains protein-digesting and
3. (a) Explain how does the exchange of medium. In this medium, pepsinogen is starchdigesting enzymes. (i) Absorption
gases occur in plants across the surface converted to pepsin which is a protein- of digested food – Small intestine.
of stems, roots and leaves. digesting enzyme. Mucus protects the Ingestion: Ingestion is the process of tak- (ii) Absorption of water – Large intestine
(b) How are water and minerals trans- inner lining of the stomach from the ing food in the body. Amoeba is a unicel- 13. (a) Draw a diagram to show the nutrition
ported in plants? action of HC1. lular animal, so it doesn’t have a mouth in Amoeba and label the parts used for
A: (a) In plants there are tiny pores called Small Intestine: Small intestine is the site for ingestion of food. Amoeba ingests the this purpose. Mention any other purpose
stomata on leaves and lenticels in stem of complete digestion of carbohydrates, food by encircling it by forming served by this part other than nutrition.
which facilitate the exchange of gases. proteins and fats. Small intestine produces pseudopodia. When the food is complete- (b) Name the glands associated with
Carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen intestinal juice from the glands present in ly encircled , the food is engulfed in the digestion of starch in human digestive
given out {during photosynthesis} and its wall. The intestinal juice helps in fur- form of a bag called food vacuole. tract and mention their role.
vice versa during respiration. ther digestion of food. Small intestine also Digestion: Digestion is the process of (c) How is required pH maintained in
(b) Water and minerals are transported obtains digestive juices from liver and breaking the large and insoluble mole- the stomach and small intestine?
within the plant by the Xylem vessels pancreas. The liver produces bile juice cules in small and water soluble mole-
(mainly in an upward direction); these are that causes emulsification of fats and the cules. In amoeba, several digestive A:
part of the vascular system which also pancreas produces pancreatic juice for enzymes react on the food present in the
includes Phloem vessels. digesting proteins and emulsified fats. food vacuoles and break it down into sim-
Phloem transports the products of photo- This digested food is finally absorbed ple and soluble molecules.
synthesis within the plant, to all parts like through the intestinal walls. Absorption: The food digested by diges-
the stem, roots, fruits etc. in all directions. 8. (a) Draw a diagram to show open stom- tive enzymes is then absorbed in the cyto-
4. Mention the raw materials required for atal pore and label on it: plasm by the process of diffusion. While
photosynthesis. (i) guard cells (ii) chloroplast the undigested food remains in the food Pseudopodia serves the purpose of loco-
A: The following raw materials are required (b) State two functions of stomata. vacuole. If a large amount of food is motion apart from nutrition.
for photosynthesis: (c) How do guard cells regulate the absorbed by amoeba, the excess food is (b) The salivary gland is associated with
(i) Carbon dioxide: Plants get CO2 from opening and closing of stomatal pore? stored in the cytoplasm ih the form of digestion of starch in human digestive
atmosphere through stomata. A: glycogen and lipids. tract. It secretes saliva which contains
(ii) Water: Plants absorb water from soil Assimilation: During this step the food enzyme salivary amylase. This enzyme
through roots and transport to leaves. absorbed by the cytoplasm is used to converts starch into maltose (sugar).
(iii) Sunlight: Sunlight, which is absorbed obtain energy, growth and repair. This (c) Gastric glands present on the walls of
by the chlorophyll and other green parts process of utilizing absorbed food for the stomach release HCl. HCl creates an
of the plant. obtaining energy, repair and growth is acidic medium, which facilitates the
5. Why do herbivores have longer, small called assimilation. action of enzyme pepsin. Bile juice from
intestine than carnivores? Egestion: When a sufficient amount of liver makes the food alkaline in small
A: Digestion of cellulose takes a longer time. undigested food gets collected in the food intestine for the pancreatic enzymes to
Hence, herbivores eating grass need a (b) Two functions of stomata are: vacuole, it is thrown out of the body by act.
longer small intestine to allow complete (i) Exchange of gases between the plant rupturing cell membrane. The process of 14. State any one difference between
digestion of cellulose. Carnivorous ani- and the atmosphere takes place through removal of undigested food from the body autotrophic and heterotrophic modes
mals cannot digest cellulose due to the stomata. is called egestion. of nutrition.
absence of enzyme CELLALASE, hence (ii) Transpiration in plants takes place 12. (a) Draw a diagram depicting Human A: In autotrophic nutrition, organisms obtain
they have a shorter intestine. through stomata. Alimentary Canal and label on it: Gall their food from inorganic substances. In
6. (a) What is the role of HCl in our stom- (c) Opening and Closing of Stomatal bladder, Liver and Pancreas. heterotrophic nutrition, organisms derive
ach? Pore: The opening and closing of the pore (b) State the roles of Liver and their food from organic substances.
12 X¯ìyês¡+ 5.1.2019
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Raman Research Fellow University of Essex Merit band in IELTS with 6.0 band in each co
Category: Research Based kÕÿ\sYwæ|t‡ Scholarship mponent. Requirement of IELTS is wai
ved off for the applicants with 75% in the
Scholarship: Raman Research Fellow Category: Merit Based
ship 2019-20 presently working in high priority areas subject of English language in class 12.
Scholarship: University of Essex Merit
Description: Council of Scientific and and the applicant must not be of more Prizes & Rewards: Undergraduate stu-
Scholarship for September 2019
Industrial Research, Ministry of than 45 years. dents will bag GBP 3000 and postgrad-
Description: UK based University of
Science and Technology, Government Prizes & Rewards: The selected candi- uates may get up to GBP 5000 as schol-
Essex is offering scholarships in its var-
of India has proposed this fellowship dates will get a fellowship amount of arship. Postgraduates students are also
ious under graduation and postgradua-
researchers to carry out research in the USD 2500 per month along supplemen- offered an optional internship of up to a
tion programmes and are seeking appli-
fields of emerging and high priority tary grant of USD 1000 for participa- year.
cations from the students of India with
technology at renowned foreign institu- tion in conferences and visiting institu- Last Date to Apply: January 15, 2019
academic excellence.
tions, R&D Centres of Excellence to tions of excellence in country of place- Application: Online applications are
Eligibility: For under graduation pro-
enhance their R&D capability and ment is also provided to the fellows. accepted.
gramme, the applicant must have at least
skills. Last Date to apply: January 18, 2019 Website: http:// www.b4s.
80% in class 12 with 6.0 band in each
Eligibility: The applicant must be a reg- Application: Applications can be made in/Nava/UOE4
component of IELTS, and for the post-
ular scientist of CSIR and must be hav- online only via email.
graduation programme, 55% is must in
ing a research experience of minimum Short Source URL: http:// www.b4s.
their graduation degree and overall 6.5 Courtesy: www.buddy4study.com /
5 years in CSIR. The candidate must be in/Nava/RRF8
Call: 08448709545, 08527484563
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f. ^ðþO-±-Äæý$$Ë$ f. çÜ$Ðé-çܯèþ E¯èþ² ¯èþ*¯ðþ ™èþÄæý*-ÈÌZ
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� C…yìþ-Äæý$¯Œþ Ððþ$Mìü-Äæý$-ÐðþÍÏ A° GÐèþ-ÇMìü õ³Ææÿ$?
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GENERAL AWARENESS
� ïßýÐðþ*-íœ-ÍÄæý* A¯èþV>?
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� B…{«§æþ-{ç³-§óþÔŒý f¯é¿ê G…™èþ? V>¯èþ$, ï܈ÌZÏ A…™èþ-ÆæÿY-™èþ…V>¯èþ$ E…yóþ ÐéÅ«¨ C¨.
f. 7,57,27,541 Ðèþ$…¨ ç³#Ææÿ$-çÙ$-ËMæü$ V>Äæý*-Ë™óþ, ÆæÿMæü¢… Væüyæþz Mæürt-Mæü$…yé {ç³Ðèþ-
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� íßý-çÜ$¢…¨. Æ>×ìý ÑMøt-Ç-Äæý*Mæü$ D ÐéÅ«¨ E…yóþ¨.
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� ÔóýÓ™èþ ÐèþÆæÿ~´ëÏíÜtyŠþ˯èþ$ HÐèþ$…sêÆæÿ$?
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f. Ë*Mø´ëÏ‹ÜtË$
f. Ðèþ$-à-Æ>çÙ‰ f. Vø§é-ÐèþÇ � B…{«§æþ-{ç³-§óþ-ÔŒýÌZ ç³#Ë$Ë çÜ…Ææÿ-„æü×ý Móü…{§æþ… GMæüPyæþ
� Ë*Mø´ëÏ‹ÜtË {糫§é¯èþ Ñ«¨?
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f. 1104 � AÐðþ$-ÇM> Æðÿ…yæÐèþ Æ>f-«§é° H¨? f. »ê-¼-ÌZ-°-Äæý$¯èþ$Ï � B…{«§æþ-{ç³-§óþ-ÔŒýÌZ A™èþÅ-«¨Mæü E™éµ-§æþMæü ÔèýMìü¢ VæüÍ-W¯èþ Æ>çÙ‰
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f. GÌZÏÆ>, Ðèþ$à-Æ>çÙ‰ � ´ù‹³ GÐèþ-ÇMìü {糆-°«¨? JMæü òÜO°-Mæü$-° õ³Ææÿ$
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f. MðüO-Ìê-çÜ-¯é£æþ BËÄæý$…, Mæü…_ � Ðésìý-Mæü¯Œþ A«¨-¯óþ™èþ GÐèþÆæÿ$? � BíÜ-Äæý*ÌZ ò³§æþª çÜÆæÿçÜ$Þ H¨?
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15
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Model Questions
Directions (Q. 1 - 3): These questions are
Who
Who lives
lives on
on floor
floor number
number five?
five?
based on the following information.
There are five doctors of different types viz.,
1) Z 2) T 3) Y 4) W 5) None of these
Ophthalmologist, Orthopedic surgeon,
10. Four of the following five are alike in a cer-
Psychiatrist, General physician and Dentist in a
hospital but not necessarily in same order. They tain way based on the given arrangement
attend their patients at different timing in a sin- and thus form a group. Which is the one that
gle day. The duration of their meeting with the does not belong to that group?
patient is different. The total duration of the 1) Y 2) V 3) T 4) X 5) W
meeting with the patients by all doctors is of 12 11. Who lives on 2nd floor?
hours. There is no gap between the meeting 1) X 2) S 3) U 4) Z 5) None of these
time of all doctors. The duration of meeting
either full hour or half an hour but not in one
third or one fourth. The one who is Orthopedic Key
surgeon attends their patients from 12:30 to 3 1-4 4-4 7-4 10-2
pm. The Dentist attends their patients immedi- 2-2 5-1 8-2 11-3
ately before or immediately after the Orthopedic
3-1 6-5 9-2
surgeon. The meeting hour of Dentist with the
patients is three hours. The duration of meeting
with patients of General physician is more than
duration of meeting of Psychiatrist with patients Explanations
by 1 hour. General physician attends meeting
just after the meeting of Psychiatrist. The Q: 1 to 3
General physician does not attend patients at
Ophthalmologist 1.5 6:00 – 7:30
the last. The Ophthalmologist attends their
patients before the Orthopedic surgeon but not Psychiatrist 1 7:30 – 8:30
1) R 2) L 3) O 4) Q 5) None of these
immediately before. The duration of meeting of
Ophthalmologist is of 1.5 hours. The timing of
Psychiatrist meeting is after 6:00 am.
IBPS 6. Who lives in the even numbered flat of even
numbered floor?
General physician
Orthopedic surgeon
4
2.5
8:30 – 12:30
12:30 – 3:00
1) A 2) N 3) Q 4) K
1. Who among the following attends patients
from 3:00-6:00 pm?
CLERKS MAINS 5) Cannot be determined
Dentist 3 3:00- 6:00

1) Ophthalmologist 2) Psychiatrist IBPS OFFICE ASSISTANT – 2017 (Prelims) Q: 4 to 6


3) General physician 4) Dentist Reasoning Directions (Q. 7 - 11): These questions are
5) Orthopedic surgeon based on the following information. Floor/Flat 1 2 3
There are nine persons namely A, K, L, M, N, O, There are eight persons namely S, T, U, V,
P, Q and R live on three different floors from 3 L R P
Writer W, X, Y and Z lives on eight different floors from
one to three. Ground floor is number 1 and top one to eight. Ground floor is number 1 and top 2 O A/K M
G. Shashi Kumar floor is number third but not necessarily in the floor is number eight but not necessarily in the 1 Q K/A N
same order. There are three flats on each floor- same order. X lives on odd number floor but
Subject Expert flat-1, flat-2 and flat-3 from west to east such
does not live on 3rd floor. Z lives immediately
that flat-1 of third floor is exactly above flat-1 of
below X. More than two persons live between Z
Q: 7 to 11
2. Who among the following attends patients second floor which is exactly above flat-1 of first
and Y. There are six persons live between S 8 S
just after the Ophthalmologist? floor and other flats are placed in the same way.
and Y. V lives immediately above W but lives
1) General physician 2) Psychiatrist A lives in an even numbered flat. P lives just 7 X
below T. U does not live above X. W does not
3) Orthopedic surgeon 4) Dentist above M in a flat numbered 3. A does not live 6 Z
live immediately above Y.
5) None of these on the same floor on which P lives. O lives just
7. Who lives on floor number five? 5 T
3. What is the duration (in hours) of the above Q. Q does not live on the same floor on
which M lives. N lives below M. L lives left to R. 1) U 2) S 3) Z 4) T 5) None of these 4 V
Psychiatrist’s meeting with the patients?
4. Who lives in flat-3 of first floor? 8. How many persons live between W and X? 3 W
1) 2.5 hours 2) 3 hours 3) 3.5 hour s
4) 1 hour 5) 2 hours 1) A 2) K 3) P 4) N 5) None of these 1) One 2) Three 3) Five 2 U
Directions (Q. 4 - 6): These questions are 5. Who among the following lives to the imme- 4) Two 5) None of these 1 Y
based on the following information. diate left of P? 9. Who lives immediately above V?

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14
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IIT - JEE MAINS MOCK TEST |


r1 n
87. If 'r = (r  1)2 2n2
6
4n  2 .
|
No. of Questions: 90 Max. Marks: 360 Time: 3 Hrs. (r  1)3 3n3 3n2  3n
n

Eìoæ¨ êŸô¢ªî¦ô³
Then ¦ 'r is
r=1
1) 0 2) 1 3)  1 4) not defined
67. If V is the volume of parallelepiped formed
o o o sin 2x + a sin x
by the vectors a , b , c as three cotermi- 88. If lim  = p (finite), then
nous edges is 27 cubic units, then the vol- xo0 x3
ume of the parallelepiped having 1) a = 2, p = 1 2) a = 1, p = 2
o o o o o o o 3) a = 1, p = 2 4) a = 2, p = 1
D = a + 2b  c , E = a  b and
o

is
o o o
J = a  b  c as three coterminous edges
[a b c
] [
89. If A = x y z , B = p a x
p q r
q b y

r c z
]
1) 27 2) 9 3) 81 4) 48 and if A is invertible, then which of the fol-
 lowing is not true?
dy — 1  y2
68. The differential equation  =  1) |A| = |B| 2) |A| =  |B|
dx y
3) |adjA| = |adjB|
determines family of circles with
4) A is invertible if and only if B is invertible
1) variable radii and fixed centre at (0, 1)
90. The number of irrational terms in the
2) variable radii and fixed centre at (0, 1) expansion of (51/6 + 21/8)100 is
3) fixed radius 1 and variable centre along 1) 96 2) 97 3) 98 4) 99
Y - axis
4) fixed radius 1 and variable centre along
X - axis KEY
69. The area of the figure bounded by 8 16 32 34 x2 + sin2x
y2 = 2x + 1 and x  y 1 = 0 is
2 4 8 16
1) 2) 
3 3
3) 
3
4) 

78. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such


3 84. If f(x) =
³( 1 + x2 )
 sec2 x dx and
1-2
2-1
19-4
20-3
37-4
38-3
55-3
56-1
73-2
74-4
1)  2)  3)  4)  f (0) = 0, then f (1) equals 3-3 21-3 39-2 57-3 75-2
3 3 3 3 that a + b + c + d = 2, then
3 4-1 22-1 40-3 58-2 76-3
70. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R be a relation in A M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the relation 1) tan1   2) tan1 + 1
4 5-4 23-3 41-2 59-2 77-4
given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), 1) 0 < M d1 2) 1 d M d 2
3 3 6-1 24-4 42-3 60-4 78-1
(1, 2), (3, 1), (1, 3)}. Then R is : 3) 2 d M d 3 4) 3 d M d 4 3)  4) 1  
4 4 7-1 25-4 43-1 61-2 79-2
1) reflexive and transitive only 79. A stair – case of length l rests against a
vertical wall and a floor of a room. Let P be 85. Tangent and normal are drawn at 8-2 26-3 44-1 62-1 80-3
2) transitive and symmetric only
a point on the stair-case, nearer to its end P(16, 16) on the parabola y2 = 16x, which 9-1 27-2 45-1 63-2 81-2
3) equivalence
on the wall, that divides its length in the intersect the axis of the parabola at A and 10-4 28-1 46-1 64-2 82-1
4) reflexive only B, respectively. If C is the centre of the cir-
ratio 1 : 2. If the stair-case begins to slide 11-1 29-1 47-4 65-1 83-4
71. The direction ratios of a normal to the cle through the points P, A and B and
on the floor, then the locus of P is : 12-2 30-4 48-4 66-4 84-1
plane passing through (1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0) ‘CPB = T, then a value of tan T is :
1 13-3 31-3 49-2 67-3 85-1
3 1) an ellipse of eccentricity  4 1
and making an angle  with the plane 2 1) 2 2) 3 3) 4)  14-3 32-1 50-3 68-4 86-1
4 3 2
 15-3 33-4 51-2 69-4 87-1
x + y = 3 are: —3 86. Find the value of a + b if
  2) an ellipse of eccentricity  16-4 34-3 52-4 70-4 88-1
2 ae1/(|x + 2|)  1

{
1) (1, — 2, 1) 2) (1, 1, — 2) 3 < x < 2 17-1 35-4 53-2 71-2 89-1
 1 2  e1/(|x + 2|)
3) a circle of radius  18-3 36-1 54-2 72-1 90-2
3) (1, 1, 2) 4) (— 2, 1, 1) 2 f (x) = b, x = 2
72. If the median of 21 observations is 40 and  x4  16
if the observations greater than the
median are increased by 6 then the
4) a circle of radius  l
—3
2
(
sin  ,
x5 + 32 ) 2 < x < 0 (This model paper prepared by Subject
Experts of Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy)
median of the new data will be is continuous at x = 2.
80. The abscissa of a point on the curve
2
1) 40 2) 46 3) 47
73. A vertical tower PQ subtends the same
4) 48 xy = (a + x)2, the normal which cuts off
numerically equal intercepts from the coor-
1) 0 ( )
2) 2sin 
5
þ»õ«uù£ûÂq ÚÁú£Ù
2 2 https://goo.gl/cgEps4 LÙÚ ö˶ë¯
angle 30q at each of two places A and B,
60 m apart on the ground, AB subtends an
dinate axe, is
3a  a 
3) sin  ( )
5
( )
4) sin 
5
www.eenadupratibha.net àŸ«è•àŸªa
angle 120q at the foot of the tower. If h is 1)  2) —2a 3) 
  4)  — 2a

ûÁ æ© úà ò˺ ô¢ª“
—2 —2
the height of the tower, then 9h2 + h + 1 is x

ví£î˶ø‹õª
equal to 
81. The function f (x) = ³ — 1  t4 dt is such
1) 3121 2) 3621 0
that
ví£òÅ¡ªêŸy ÑëÁuÞ¥õª
3) 3600 4) 3681
74. If |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 and 1) it is defined on the interval [2, 2] û¶ù£ìöËÀ ö° óŸ´E÷Jqæ© CMx
|2z1 + 3z2 + 4z3| = 4 then the absolute 2) it is an increasing function in (1, 1)
H
@¸ÚúˆÕÐæ©, í£Paîª ñÙÞœ
value of 8z2z3 + 27z3z1 + 64z1z2 equals 3) it is an even function ë¶øŒ ô¦áëůE vð§ÙêŸÙö˺E û¶ù£ìöËÀ ö°
1) 24 2) 48 3) 72 4) 96 4) the point (1, 1) is the point of inflection
óŸ´E÷Jqæ© CMx 2019n20 ú£Ù÷êŸqô¦EÚ¨Þ¥ì«
75. If the sum of the first ten terms of the 82. Let A(h, k), B (1, 1) and C(2, 1) be the ver- H í£Paîª ñÙÞœö˺E ÞœFÝ°ûË à®ë]J ÏûËÂú‡då«uæËÀ Ú¨ÙC ö° ÚÁô¢ªqö˺x ví£î˶ø‹öËÚÛª ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhõª
3 2 2 2 1 2
( ) ( ) ( ) tices of a right angled triangle with AC as ÚÁô¢ªêÁÙC.
series 1  + 2 + 3 + 42 ÎíÆà ÏÙ>FJÙÞ ÍÙè çËμÚ¥oöË@ s@¸ÚúˆÕÐæ©z
H ÚÁô¢ªqõª: 1z HÔÓöËÀÓöËÀH sÎìôÂqz sÕë¶üŒ‰xz s80
5 5 5 its hypotenuse. If the area of the triangle is Ú¨ÙC æ©#ÙÞ ð¼ú£ªdöË òÅ¡KhÚ¨ ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªhõª
4 2 16 1 sq units, then the set of values which k
( )
úˆåªxz Íô¢|êŸ: ÏÙæô ÑBhô¢gêŸ.
+ 4  + ....... is m, then m is equal can take is given by
ÚÁô¢ªêÁÙC.
5 5 H ð¼ú£ªdõªnÝ°Sõª: Íú‡šúdÙæËÀ vð»šíÆú£ôÂn 05,
2z ÓöËÀÓöËÀÓÙ sÖÚÛ Ôè¯Cz s80 úˆåªxz
1) {1, 3} 2) {3, 2}
to Íô¢|êŸ: ÓöËÀÓöËÀH öË¶ë¯ êŸêŸq÷«ì è…vU ÑBhô¢gêŸ.
3) {1, 3} 4) {0, 2}
Íþ¼ú‡ó¶ªæËÀ vð»šíÆú£ôÂn07, vð»šíÆú£ôÂn04, vçËμjìôÂn01,
1) 102 2) 101 3) 100 4) 99 3z 툚ï°àÂè† s8 úˆåªxz
83. Tangents are drawn to the hyperbola
úˆEóŸªô vçËμjìôÂn01, vð»šíÆú£ô ÏûËÂàŦôÂbn01.
76. The number of roots of the equation H Íô¢|êŸ: ú£ÙñÙCÅêŸ vò°ÙàŸªö˺x HÐ/ HçËμÚÂ, ÓÙÐ/
4x2  y2 = 36 at the points P and Q. If
Íô¢|êŸ: ÓöËÀÓöËÀÓÙ öË¶ë¯ êŸêŸq÷«ìÙ.
x2 = cotx in [0, 23] is H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: ÎöËÀ ÏÙè…óŸ« ö° ÓÙvæûËÂq çËμúÃd
these tangents intersect at the point ÓÙçËμÚÂ, 툚ï°àÂè†, ûμæËÀ/ ¸ÞæËÀ ÑBhô¢gêŸ, ÍìªòÅ¡÷Ù.
1) 0 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3
T (0, 3) then the area (in sq. units) of H ÓÙí‡ÚÛ: ÏÙæô¢«yu ë¯yô¦. sÔÕÓöËÀÐæ©z ë¯yô¦.
5  'PTQ is : H í£K¤Û ê¶C:  5 H ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh NëůìÙ: ÎûËÂöËμjûËÂ
 H ë]ô¢Ý°ú£ªh: Ðîμªô³öËÀ/ ÎíÆÃöËμjûËÂ.
77. Value of ³ (—x+2—x1+   H #÷Jê¶C: íƇvñ÷J 8 H#÷Jê¶C: Ôví‡öËÀ 8
1  1) 54 — 3 2) 60 — 3
— 
)
x  2 — (x  1) dx is 3) 36 — 5

4) 45 — 5
 îËμòËÀšújæËÀ: www.gkciet.ac.in îËμòËÀšújæËÀ: https://nludelhi.ac.in
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APDSC SGT Online Grand Test & 1) Ð]l¬…O»ñæ 2) ¯]l*ÅÉìlÎÏ 2) ¿Z´ëÌŒæ, Ð]l$«§ýlÅ{糧ólÔŒæ 2) Æý‡Ð]l$׊æ íÜ…VŠS 3) Ð]lçÜ$…«§ýlÆý‡ Æ>gôæ
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4. fÐéº$Ë$ JMýS 糧ýl…ÌZ Ìôæ§é ÐéMýSÅÆý‡*ç³…ÌZ °…ç³#MýS$¯]l² {´ë…™èl… M>ºsìæt ¯]lÐéÅ…{«§ýlMýS$ Æ>f«§é°V> M>ÌS…ÌZ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ðl…¨…¨. 5. Ð]l¬VýS$®Ë$ = B¯]l…§ýl ç³Æý‡Ð]lÔ¶æ$Ë$
Æ>Ķæ$Ð]l^èl$a. HÆ>µr$ M>»Z™ø…¨. 4. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° AÀÐ]l–¨® ç³Æý‡_¯]l Æ>fÐ]l…Ô>Ë$ HÑ? àÇMýS A§ýl$™èl ¯]l–™èlÅ {糧ýlÆý‡Ø¯]l¯]l$ ^èl*íܯ]l {õ³„ýSMýS$Ë$
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Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l$ÌS ™öÍ Æ>f«§é° {糆Úët¯]lç³#Æý‡…. ÐéÆý‡$ ç³Ç´ëÍ…^éƇ$$. Ððl¬§ýlrV> ™öÍ ™ðlË$VýS$ Æ>kOÌñæ¯]l ÐéM>ÅË$ Æ>Ķæ$…yìl.
♦ MìS…¨ VýS§ýlÅ¿êV>°² ^èl§ýlÐ]l…yìl. ¯éË$VýS$ {ç³Ôèæ²Ë$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$ {MîS.Ô¶æ. 1Ð]l Ôèæ™éºª…ÌZ ™èl*Æý‡$µ¨ÔèæV> ÑçܢDž_¯]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l$Ë$ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° ´ëÍ…^éÆý‡$. ™èlÆ>Ó™èl 1. MîSÇ¢ = Ķæ$ÔèæÜ ç $Þ, Rêņ
^ólĶæ$…yìl. MýS–Úë~¯]l¨ Jyýl$z¯]l E¯]l² AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° Æ>f«§é°V> ^ólçÜ$Mö° C„>ÓMýS$Ë$, ç³ÌSÏÐ]l#Ë$, ^éâ¶æ$MýS$ÅË$, ÑçÙ$~MýS$…yìl¯]l$Ë$, Ð]l$¯]l B…{«§ýl{糧ólÔŒæ MîSÇ¢ ç³™éMýS… ѯ]l$Ò«§ýl$ÌZÏ Æð‡ç³Æð‡ç³-
™öÍ ™ðlË$VýS$ Æ>kË$ Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l$Ë$. ÐéÇ Æ>f«§é° {MîS.Ô¶æ. 220 Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ç³Ç´ëÍ…^éÆý‡$. Vú™èlÒ$ ç³#{™èl Ô>™èlMýSÇ~, Mør »ôæ™èlÆ>k Ð]l…ÔèæçÜ$¦Ë$, ÑfĶæ$¯]lVýSÆý‡ Æ>kË$ ÌêyéÍ.
«§é¯]lÅMýSrMýS…. ©°² «§ýlÆý‡×ìæMør A° MýS*yé í³Í^ólÐéÆý‡$. M>ÌS- ç³#ÌZÐ]l*Ñ, Ķæ$fq} Ô>™èlMýSÇ~ Ððl¬§ýlOÌñæ¯]l Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l Æ>kÌS ´ëÍ…^éÆý‡$. Ð]l¬íÜÏ… Æ>f ´ëÌSMýS$OÌñæ¯]l ÉìlÎÏ çÜ$Ìꢯ]l$Ë$, G…™øÐ]l$…¨ Rêņ VýSyìl…_¯]lÐéÆý‡$ B…{«§ýl{糧ólÔŒæ
{MýSÐól$×ê §é¯ól² "AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†'V> í³ÌSÐ]lyýl… {´ëÆý‡…¿ýæOÐðl$…¨. M>ÌS…ÌZ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† G…™ø AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ðl…¨…¨. ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ºçßæÐ]l$± çÜ$Ìꢯ]l$Ë$ MýS*yé AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° ´ëÍ…^éÆý‡$. Ķæ$ÔèæçÜ$Þ¯]l$ ò³…^éÆý‡$.
{MîS.Ô¶æ. Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ôèæ™éºª…ÌZ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† {´ë…™èl…ÌZ ËÀ…_¯]l C„>ÓMýS$Ë$, ç³ÌSÏÐ]l#Ë$, ^éâ¶æ$MýS$ÅË$, ÑçÙ$~MýS$…yìl¯]l$Ë$ MýS*yé 5. Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆý‡… A…sôæ HÑ$sìæ? Ð]l*Ð]lÊË$ ¯]lVýSÆ>ÌSMýS$, 2. M>¯]l$MýS = ^èl…§é, M>°MýS
Ô>çܯ]l…ÌZ "¯éVýSº$' A¯ól ™ðlË$VýS$ 糧鰲 ™öÍÝëÇV> ©°² AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ólÔ>Æý‡$. A¯]l…™èlÆý‡… Mør »ôæ™èlÆ>f Ð]l…ÔèækË$ Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆ>°MìS Ð]l$«§ýlÅ ™ólyéÌS¯]l$ Fíßæ…_ ¯ól¯]l$ ѯéĶæ$MýS ^èlц E™èlÞÐéÌSMýS$ ^èl…§é C^éa¯]l$.
VýS$Ç¢…^éÆý‡$. ¯éVýSº$ A…sôæ ¯éVýSgê† A° AÆý‡¦…. A…sôæ ç³Ç´ëÍ…^éÆý‡$. M>MýS¡Ä¶æ$ Ýë{Ð]l*hq Æý‡${§ýlÐ]l$§ólÑMìS, Mør Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. AÌê M>°MýS CÐ]lÓyýl… ¯éMðS…™ø çÜ…™øÚë°²_a…¨.
JMýSsZ Ôèæ™é¼ª ¯ésìæMóS AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† Ð]l$à¯]lVýSÆý‡…V> Æ>kÌSMýS$ çÜ…º…«§ýl »ê…«§ýlÐéÅË$ E…yólÑ. ™èl§ýl¯]l…™èlÆý‡ f. Æ>fÅ´ëÌS¯]l MøçÜ… Æ>k °ÐéçÜÐ]l¬…yól ^ør$¯]l$ 3. {VýS…£ýl… = ç³#çÜ¢MýS…, ´÷™èl¢…
ÑÆ>hÍÏ…§ýl¯]l²Ð]l*r! VýSÌSVýSÌê´ëÆó‡ MýS–çÙ~Ð]l$à Jyýl$z¯]l Ð]lÇ®Íϯ]l M>ÌS…ÌZ ÑÑ«§ýl ´ëÌSMýS$ÌS ´ëÌS¯]lÌZ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† {´ë¿ýæÐ]l… Æ>f«§é° A…sêÆý‡$. CMýSPyýl ¯]l$…_ Æ>k ™èl¯]l ç³#çÜ¢M>ÌS¯]l$ ç³#Ð]l#ÓÌêÏVýS ^èl*çÜ$MøÐéÍ. ´÷™èl¢Ð]l¬ÌS¯]l$
AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† ¯]lVýSÆ>°MìS G…™ø ^éÇ{™èlMýS {´ë«§é¯]lÅ™èl E…¨. ™èlWY…¨. {MîS.Ô¶æ. 1798ÌZ Ý린MýS fÒ$…§éÆý‡$ Æ>gê ÐéíÜÆð‡yìlz Ð]l$…{†Ð]lÆý‡Y…, ç³ÇÐéÆý‡…™ø MýS*yìl A«¨M>ÇMýS M>Æý‡Å- Ð]l¬ÇMìS ^ólĶæ$Æ>§ýl$.
Ððl$VýSçÜ¢±çÜ$ ™èl¯]l "C…yìlM>" {VýS…£ýl…ÌZ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† VýS$Ç…_ Ððl…MýSsê{¨ ¯éĶæ¬yýl$ V>Æý‡$ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° A™èlÅ…™èl MýSÌê´ëÌS¯]l$ °Æý‡ÓíßæÝë¢Æý‡$. M>ºsìæt Ð]l*Ð]lÊË$ ¯]lVýSÆ>- 4. Æ>k = {糿¶æ$Ð]l#, ¯]lÆý‡ç³†
{ç³Ýë¢Ñ…^éyýl$. OÐðl¿ýæÐøõ³™èlOÐðl$¯]l Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆý‡…V> ¡Ça¨§éªÆý‡$. ÌSMýS$, Æ>kË$ E…yól Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆ>ÌSMýS$ Ð]l$«§ýlÅ G¯ø² ÑfĶæ$¯]lVýSÆý‡ {糿¶æ$Ð]l# }MýS–çÙ~§ólÐ]lÆ>Ķæ$Ë$. B ¯]lÆý‡ç³†
{ç³Ôèæ²Ë$: {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ Mö°² ™ólyéË$ E…yýlr… çÜçßæf…. MöË$Ð]l#ÌZ AçÙt¨VýSYf MýSÐ]l#Ë$ E…yólÐéÆý‡$.
1. ™öÍ ™ðlË$VýS$ Æ>fË$ GÐ]lÆý‡$? 1. Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l$ÌS ™öÍ Æ>f«§é° H¨? A°² Æý‡M>ÌS Æý‡Ðé×ê ÝûMýSÆý‡Å… Æ>f«§é° 5. ç³#Æý‡… = ¯]lVýSÆý‡…, ç³rt×æ…
2. Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l$ÌS Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆý‡Ðól$¨? 2. GÐ]lÇ M>ÌS…ÌZ AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† AÀÐ]l–¨® ^ðl…¨…¨? ¯]lVýSÆ>°MìS E…r$…¨. Ð]l˜ÍMýS Ð]lçÜ™èl$ÌS±² çÜÐ]l$MýS*Ç Ðól$Ð]l¬ MýSyýlç³ ¯]lVýSÆý‡…ÌZ °Ð]líÜçÜ$¢¯é²…. Ð]l*
3. «§é¯]lÅMýSrM>°MìS Ð]l$Æø õ³Æó‡Ñ$sìæ? 3. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° HÄôæ$ Æ>f Ð]l…Ô>Ë$ ç³Ç´ëÍ…^éƇ$$? E…sêƇ$$. Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆý‡… Ñ$VýS™é A°² ç³rt×êÌSMýS$, ç³rt×æÐ]l$…sôæ Ð]l*MðS…™ø CçÙt….
4. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° Ððl¬§ýlr HÄôæ$ õ³Æý‡Ï™ø í³Í^ólÐéÆý‡$? 4. Æ>gê ÐéíÜÆð‡yìlz Ððl…MýSsê{¨ ¯éĶæ¬yýl$ ^ólíܯ]l MýS–íÙ ¯]lVýSÆ>ÌSMýS$ A…§ýl$»êr$ÌZ E…yólÑ«§ýl…V> ¯]lyìl»Ÿyýl$z¯]l 6. çÜ…§ólçßæ… = A¯]l$Ð]l*¯]l…, çÜ…¨VýS®…
5. Ô>çܯéÌZÏ ËÀ…_¯]l ™öÍ ™ðlË$VýS$ 糧ýl… H¨? HÑ$sìæ? E…r$…¨. A°² Ð]lÆ>YÌS ÐéÇMìS E´ë«¨ AÐ]lM>Ô>ÌS¯]l$ ѧéÅÆý‡$¦ÌSMýS$ ^èl¨Ðólrç³#µyýl$ A¯]l$Ð]l*¯éË$ Ð]lÝë¢Æ‡$$. B
6. ¯éVýSº$ A¯ól ™öÍ ™ðlË$VýS$ 糧ýl… H Ôèæ™éºª…ÌZ ÐðlË$VýS$ fÐéº$Ë$: MýSÍWçÜ$¢…¨. A°² ¿êçÙË$ Ð]l*sêÏyólÐéÆý‡$, Ð]l$™èl çÜ…¨V>®ÌS¯]l$ E´ë«§éÅĶæ¬ÌS §éÓÆ> °Ð]l–†¢
^èl*íÜ…¨? 1. {糆Úët¯]lç³#Æý‡…. çÜ…{糧éĶæ*Ë$ ´ësìæ…^ólÐéÆý‡$, ÑÑ«§ýl gê¡Ä¶æ¬Ë$ ^ólçÜ$MøÐéÍ.
7. ¯éVýSº$ A…sôæ AÆý‡¦… HÑ$sìæ? 2. Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l Æ>kÌS M>ÌS…ÌZ. iÑ…^èlyé°MìS A¯]l$Ð]l#V> E…r$…¨. A°² Ñ«§éË$V> ÐéÅMýSÆý‡×ê…Ô>Ë$
8. JMýSsZ Ôèæ™éºª… ¯ésìæMóS Ð]l$à ¯]lVýSÆý‡…V> ÐðlË$Vö…¨¯]l 3. Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l$Ë$, C„>ÓMýS$Ë$, ç³ÌSÏÐ]l#Ë$, ^éâ¶æ$MýS$ÅË$, Ðól$sìæ ¯]lVýSÆý‡…V> ÑËíÜË$Ï™èl$…¨. Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆ>°MìS ♦ MìS…¨ 糧éÌS¯]l$ Ñyýl©íÜ, çÜ…«¨ õ³Æý‡$ Æ>Ķæ$…yìl.
¯]lVýSÆý‡Ðól$¨? ÑçÙ$~MýS$…yìl¯]l$Ë$, Mør Æ>kË$. Ñ$VýS™é ¯]lVýSÆ>ÌSMýS$ E¯]l² Ð]l¬QÅOÐðl$¯]l ™ólyéÍÑ A° ¯é 1. ¿ýæĶæ$ç³yýl$ = ¿ýæĶæ$Ð]l¬ + ç³yýl$ &ç³yéÓ§ýl$ÌS çÜ…«¨
9. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† ¯]lVýSÆý‡… H ¯]l¨ Jyýl$z¯]l E…¨? 4. Ý린MýS fÒ$…§éÆý‡$V> AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†° A™èlÅ…™èl OÐðl¿ýæÐø- ¿êÐ]l¯]l. 2. çÜ…§ólçßæç³yýl$ = çÜ…§ólçßæÐ]l¬ + ç³yýl$
10. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† VýS$Ç…_ {ç³Ýë¢Ñ…_¯]l ѧólÖĶæ¬yýl$ GÐ]lÆý‡$? õ³™èlOÐðl$¯]l Æ>f«§é° ¯]lVýSÆý‡…V> ¡Ça¨§ýlªyýl…ÌZ ÑÔóæçÙOÐðl$¯]l &ç³yéÓ§ýl$ÌS çÜ…«¨
CÑ MóSÐ]lÌS… Ð]l*¨Ç {ç³Ôèæ²Ë$ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$. CÌêVóS ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$ MýS–íÙ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$. Ð]l*¨Ç ÌS眬 çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l {ç³Ôèæ²Ë$ 3. B¯]l…§ýlç³yýl$ = B¯]l…§ýlÐ]l¬ + ç³yýl$ &ç³yéÓ§ýl$ÌS çÜ…«¨
^ólĶæ*ÌS¯ól… Ìôæ§ýl$. CÑ Ñ§éÅÆý‡$¦ÌS AÐ]lV>çßæ¯]l MøçÜ… 6. Vú™èlÐ]l$ º$§ýl$®yìl «§é™èl$Ð]l#ÌS Ò$§ýl GÌê…sìæ °Æ>Ã×æ… 4. Üç ¯]l$²† = Üç ™Œæ + ¯]l$† &A¯]l$¯éíÜMýS çÜ…«¨
C_a¯]lÑ Ð]l*{™èlÐól$. CÐól {ç³Ôèæ²ÌS¯]l$ ÐólÆó‡ÓÆý‡$ Æý‡M>Ë$V> MýS*yé ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å…: 2. Ð]lÅMîS¢MýSÆý‡×æ & çÜ–f¯é™èlÃMýS™èl ^ólç³sêtÆý‡$? 5. ¿ýæ…VýSç³yýl$ = ¿ýæ…VýSÐ]l¬ + ç³yýl$ &ç³yéÓ§ýl$ÌS çÜ…«¨
AyýlVýSÐ]l^èl$a. AƇ$$™ól AÆý‡¦Ð]l…™èlOÐðl$¯]l {ç³Ôèæ²Ë$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$ 7. Ô>™èlÐéçßæ¯]l$ÌS MýS$ÌS VýS$Æý‡$Ð]l# B^éÆý‡Å
^ólĶæ*Í. çÜÆý‡Ó¯éÐ]l$ 糧éË$, {MìSĶæ* 糧éÌS™ø {ç³Ôèæ²Ë$ ÌS眬 çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l {ç³Ôèæ²Ë$&2 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ ¯éV>Æý‡$j¯]l$yìl çÜÓ¿êÐ]l… VýS$Ç…_
™èlĶæ*Æý‡$ ^ólĶæ$MýS*yýl§ýl$. Æý‡*´÷…¨…_¯]l {ç³Ôèæ²ÌSMýS$ C_a¯]l 1. "AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†' ´ëu>Å…Ôèæ ¯ólç³£éÅ°² Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. Æ>Ķæ$…yìl.
VýS§ýlÅ¿êVýS…ÌZ¯ól fÐéº$Ë$ E…yéÍ. f. B…{«§ýl{糧ólÔŒæMýS$ ¯]l*™èl¯]l Æ>f«§é°V> AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† °ÇÙèl- 8. ÑÑ«§ýl ç³Ç´ëÌSMýS$ÌS BÔèæĶæ*Ë*,
♦ MìS…¨ VýS§ýlÅ ¿êV>°² ^èl§ýlÐ]l…yìl. C_a¯]l ¯éË$VýS$ (4) Ð]l$Ð]l#™ø…¨. ^éÇ{™èlMýS, Ýë…çÜP–†MýS, B«§éņÃMýS ¯ólç³£ýlÅ… ÐéâýæÏ çÜ…çÜP–¡ çÜ…{糧éĶæ*Ë$
{ç³Ôèæ²ÌSMýS$ fÐéº$Ë$ Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. E¯]l² AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† VýS$Ç…_ Cç³µsìæ B…{«§ýl$Ë$ ™ðlË$çÜ$- AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† Ò$§ýl GÌê…sìæ {糿êÐ]l…
AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† A§ýl$™èlOÐðl$¯]l ÕÌSµMýSâýæÌSMýS$ M>×ê_. AÔZMýS$yýl$ MøÐéÍÞ¯]l AÐ]lçÜÆý‡… E…¨. M>ºsìæt Ð]l$¯]l Æ>f«§é° ^èl*´ëƇ¬?
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{´ëM>Æ>°² °ÇÃ…^éyýl$. {MîS.Ô¶æ. 1779ÌZ Ð]l${§éçÜ$ ´ëu>Å…Ôèæ ¯ólç³£ýlÅ…. í³Ë$Ýë¢Æý‡$?
{ò³íÜyðl±ÞÌZ çÜÆó‡ÓĶæ$Æý‡$V> ç³° ^ólíܯ]l "MýSÌS²ÌŒæ M>ͯŒl Ððl$MýS…i" 2. "ÐéÅçÜ {ç³{MìSĶæ$' A…sôæ HÑ$sZ Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. 10. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l†ÌZ° ÕÌêµÌS¯]l$ GMýSPyìlMìS
AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† ÕÐéÆý‡$ {´ë…™èl…ÌZ Ð]l#¯]l² "©´ëÌS ¨¯ðl²' A° f. HO§ðl¯é JMýS A…Ô¶æ… VýS$Ç…_ ÑÐ]lÆý‡…V> ^ðlõ³µ§ól ÐéÅçÜ…. ™èlÆý‡Í…^éÆý‡$? G…§ýl$MýS$? M>Æý‡×êË$
í³Í^ól Ð]l$sìæt¨º¾ §ýlVýSYÆý‡ ^ðlÌêÏ^ðl§ýl$Æý‡$V> ç³yìlÐ]l#¯]l² A§ýl$™èl ÕÌSµ C…§ýl$ÌZ B«§éÆ>ÌS™ø MýS*yìl¯]l çÜÐ]l${VýS çÜÐ]l*^éÆý‡… Æ>Ķæ$…yìl.
ç܅糧ýl¯]l$ VýS$Ç¢…^éyýl$. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† çÜ*¢ç³… çÜÐ]l¬¯]l²™èl §ýlÔèæÌZ E…r$…¨. ÐéÅÝë°² Mö°² õ³Æ>Ë$V> A…sôæ 11. AÐ]l$Æ>Ð]l† õ³Æý‡$ÌZ _Æ>Ķæ¬Ð]l#¯]l$
E¯]l²ç³#µyýl$ CMýSPyìl »o§ýl® À„ýS$Ð]l#Ë$ Æøþ CMýSPyýl ÐólÌê¨V> E´ù§éƒ™èl…, ÑçÙĶæ$ ÑÐ]lÆý‡×æ, Eç³çÜ…àÆý‡… A¯ól GÌê °…ç³#MýS$…¨? ™ðlÌSç³…yìl.

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