The outer circle is a whole-tone scale, the inner circle is the other whole-tone scale.

The lines
that cross through the center are connecting the tri-tones. The star is connecting the three
ways a tone can be approached chromatically. In Trane's example, he is showing the three
ways a "C" can be grouped in a group of three notes: first position (C, C#, D), second position
(B, C, C#), and third position (Bb, B, C). Working around the circle, alternating between inner
and outer portions, shows the circle of 5ths (double circled notes). This notes that have only
been circled once create a very cool pattern, kind of like a 2nd mode of pentatonic major, but
it's cyclical and moves through 6 keys going down by whole-step (the parenthetical notes are
the tonics of the pentatonic scales).

(A) B D E (G) A C D (F) G Bb C (Eb) F Ab Bb (Db) Eb Gb Ab (B) C# E F# (A)

There's a lot more to this drawing but my brain is spinning now.

There are some minor errors in this drawing: the D marked with a natural sign near the
number 3 should be a D flat. Also, the ovals to the far left (A, G#, G) is wrong and should be
flipped to (G#, A, Bb) to maintain the pattern.