Animals

Vertebrate animals Invertebrate animals

Mammals Sponges Cnidarians

T
 hey are viviparous and T
 hey are aquatic and live They are aquatic.
drink their mother’s milk. attached to rocks.
T
 hey have jelly-like bodies
T
 heir sac-like bodies are that look like umbrellas,
T
 heir skin is usually covered with pores that filter and poisonous tentacles.
covered in fur. the nutritive substances
T
 hey breathe air through Birds in seawater.
their lungs.
M
 ost of them have four They are oviparous.
legs.
T
 heir bodies are covered
in feathers.
T
 hey breathe air through
their lungs.
Reptiles
T
 hey have two legs and
two wings, used to fly.
They are oviparous.
Their skin is covered in scales.
Worms Molluscs
They breathe air through their lungs.
Most of them have four legs. S ome live in soil and others Most of them are aquatic.
live in water. T
 hey have soft bodies,
They have long, soft bodies. often protected by a shell.
They haven’t got legs.
Amphibians

They are oviparous.

They have bare skin.
Fish
T
 heir babies are born
in water and breathe
They are oviparous.
through gills.
Their skin is covered in scales.
A
 dults breathe through their
They breathe through their gills. lungs and their skin.
Arthropods
They have fins.

They can be aquatic or terrestrial.

They have a hard exoskeleton divided into segments.
They have legs and sometimes wings and antennae.
 The food wheel
Group 1. Foods in group 1 Group 2. Foods in group 2 contain
are cereals, bread, pasta, fats. Examples are oil, butter and
potatoes and sugar. They bacon. Fats also give us energy.
contain carbohydrates
and give us energy.

Group 3. Foods in
group 3 contain proteins.
Examples are meat, fish,
eggs and pulses.
1. You should eat more food
from the groups that occupy
more space on the wheel.
2. You should not eat a lot of food Group 4. Foods in group 4
from the smaller groups. are dairy products. They
include milk and yoghurt.
3. Drinking water and doing
They give us proteins and
exercise are essential for good
calcium.
health.

Groups 5 and 6. Foods in group 5

are vegetables, and foods in group 6
are fruits. They give us vitamins,
minerals and fibre. These foods are
very important in our diet.
 Plants
Plant nutrition Plant classification

sunlight Flowering plants

carbon
Plants do not need dioxide Angiosperms Gymnosperms
to take in food They usually have beautiful flowers. They have small, simple flowers.
because they make oxygen They produce fruit with seeds inside. They do not produce fruits.
their own. Their seeds are grouped together in cones.
All they need is
apple tree pine tree
water and mineral
salts they take from
the ground, carbon
dioxide found water mineral apple blossom pine cones
salts
in the air, and seeds
sunlight.

fruit (apple) seeds (pine nuts)

Plant reproduction

The ovary matures

3.  Non-flowering plants
and turns into fruit.
The fruit contains
Mosses Ferns
the seeds.
They are very small, simple plants. They grow in damp conditions. They have
They grow on rocks, tree trunks large leaves and underground stems.
and in the ground, in damp places

moss on rocks ferns in a wood fern leaves

1.  Pollen is
formed
in the
stamens. moss

4.  When the seed falls to

the ground, it
2.  A grain of pollen reaches germinates and a new moss
the pistil of another flower. plant grows.
 Machines
Simple machines Complex machines

They have one part or just a few parts. They have many parts called operating parts.

Pulley handle bar

gears

brakes

Inclined plane

pedal

wheel chain

gear
Lever

wheel

motor
 Sense organs
SIGHT HEARING

pinna
cornea small bones

retina

pupil auditory
nerve

iris optic
nerve
cochlea

lens ear drum

ear canal

SMELL TASTE TOUCH

olfactory
nerve sweat
olfactory hair glands
epithelium

nasal cavity

nostril taste buds touch receptors

 Recycle, reuse, reduce

Plastic and metal

packaging Glass
Yes

Paper and cardboard

Yes
Yes

No
No

No