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Exercise: 1
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Short Vowel – Marks عالمات العلّة القصيرة
In Arabic there are 3 short vowel- marks. The short vowel – marks enable
the letter to make sound, in Arabic one cannot make a word without vowel
being used.
These 3 vowel – marks are marked below or above the letter.
(1) The Single Vowel-marks عالمات ال ِعلّة اإلفرادية
The single vowel- marks are the basic vowel- marks which add a sound
similar of that of a, i or u in the English language to the letter.
Arabic Character
أ ا َا
Damma Kasra Fatha Vowel Name
u i q Vowel Sound
The ‘u’ in The ‘I’ in sit The ’a’ in English word with similar
put sat
*Fatha الفَتحة
The Fatha is the short diagonal stroke above the letter.
ج
ِ ثِ تِ بِ ِا
ِر ِذ ِد خ
ِ ح
ِ
ض ِ ص ِ ِش ِس ِز
ف ِ ِغ ِع ِظ ِط
ِن ِم ِل ِ كـ ق ِ
ِ يـ ِو ِ هـ
*Damma ض ّمة
َ ال
The Damma is the letter which is similar in shape to the Arabic character
‘waw’ which we learnt before, it is placed above the letter.
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Exercise: 2
*Put Fatha on these letters and read
ضع الفتحة على هذه الحروف واقرأ
Fathatain ٌٌٌٌٌٌفتحتين
The double form of the three vowel-marks are different in in
pronunciation from the normal vowel-marks in that three is an added
‘-n’ sound. Although the Fatha makes the ‘aa’ sound, the Fathatain
makes the ‘an’ sound. The Fathatain is writtenas two Fathas above the
letter.
Dammatian ض َّمتَين
َ
Dammatian is represented by a Damma with a slight
inward ‘tail’ and is written above the letter. The Dammatain
makes the ’un’ sound.
ح ج ث ت ب ا
س ز ر ذ د خ
ع ظ ط ض ص ش
م ل ك ق ف غ
ي و ه ن
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Exercise: 3
*Put Fathatain on these letters and read
ضع فتحتين على هذه الحروف واقرأ
( 4 ) Shadda شدَّة
َ ال
The Shadda is a diacritical mark written above a letter to
show that the letter has been doubled and therefore increases in
emphasis. In reading joining the letter sound this stage of vowel
and to be attention on the sound of the letter which has the
shadda on it.
Arabic Word
دب بَـطة قــطـة
Bear Duck Cat Translation
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