1.

INTRODUCTION
These guidance notes are intended to enable us to maintain a minimum standard in terms of layout and general inform
they can be able to present information with clarity and in an organised manner.
Rational judgement is an intrinsic part of the work we do, being able to choose the right solution and to justify that solu
mathematical calculations. Design codes also require that an engineer justifies compliance with the provisions through
calculations, as may be applicable, necessary or requested by certain authorities and/ or clients. As the purpose of calcu
compliance with legal compliance, and other people that will be making that determination, it is usually essential to sub
can be clearly read and interpreted, even if set aside for a number of years and reviewed for some future work.

2. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE – UNDERTAKING CALCULATIONS

2.1 Compulsory with every set of Calculations
2.1.1. Every set of calculations should have a ‘Calculation Check Sheet’ that shows the type of check that has/ will b
this page, use the template provided.
2.1.2. Every set of calculations should have a ‘Calculation Cover Sheet’ that has general information related to the ta
Calculation Title, Revision and date etc. Use the template provided.
2.1.3. A contents page should always be included with every set of calculations.
2.1.4. Include a summary of relevant information such as:
Brief description of bridge/ structure
Codes to be used
Items to be designed/ assessed and at which locations
Material strengths to be adopted
Damages to be taken into consideration (assessment only)
Spans
Loading to be used
2.1.15. Complete calculation sheet headings and number all calculation sheets within a calculation submittal package
can clearly identify an area needing correction or further work.
2.1.6. Cross reference calculation sheets and show code and other references in the left hand margin.
2.2 Compulsory with multiple sets of Calculations
Every project with 5 or more parts/ sets of calculations should have a ‘Calculation Register’, use the template prov

2.3 Calculations – Best Practice

* Do you know the budget/ time available for carrying out the calculations and have you agreed a delivery date.
* Always use pencil for original calculations.
* Include a brief introduction that states the objective of the analysis.
* Prepare a sketch of the structure/ member, showing all loads and dimensions.
* Include all steps of your calculations. Provide a word or two stating what is being done, as needed for clarification.
* Check the results of your calculations for example by making a static check i.e. writing additional equilibrium equati
check the calculations by making an approximate analysis.
* Highlight the final solution in some way (underline, box) and transfer output figures into the right hand margin.
* Where applicable summarise all loads & load factors in a table at the end of the load calculations.
* Summarise final results/ output in a table.
2.4 Typical calculation layout
* Calculation Register (if required)
* Calculation Cover Sheet
* Calculation Check Sheet
* Contents page
* Summary of bridge/ structure, approval in principle information and/ or design brief
* Sketches
* Loads (Actions)
* Load Effects (Action Effects)
* Element Capacities/ Resistances
* Summary of results/ output
3. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE – CHECKING CALCULATIONS
3.1 Checking - Compulsory Requirements
Once the checker’s comments have been incorporated into the calculations, create a PDF copy and save in the pro
3.2 Checking Best Practice
* Checking requires red and blue pens.
* Red is for required alterations.
* Blue is used for comments or alterations which do not affect the overall calculations i.e. accepted with comme
* Subsequent revisions arising from design changes can be made to the original calculations. A PDF copy of the r
made.
 * Subsequent revisions arising from design changes can be made to the original calculations. A PDF copy of the r
made.
of layout and general information required for most calculations, so that

lution and to justify that solution will more often than not involve
with the provisions through the use of engineering reports or
ents. As the purpose of calculations are to verify, confirm or justify
n, it is usually essential to submit, and keep a copy of documents that
or some future work.

type of check that has/ will be carried out. Get the checker to sign

nformation related to the task such as Project Title, Project Number,

alculation submittal package in some logical order so that a reviewer

hand margin.
ister’, use the template provided.

agreed a delivery date.

as needed for clarification.

additional equilibrium equations. If the structure is complex,

o the right hand margin.

alculations.

PDF copy and save in the project directory.

ns i.e. accepted with comments.

ulations. A PDF copy of the revised calculations must also be
ulations. A PDF copy of the revised calculations must also be
IDG Quality Management System
FORM

CALCULATION SHEET

Project: GOB Prepared By Date Project No

Contract: ELR: TAH 2 Mileage: 14.056 FH 4/27/2018 129178
Item: STRUCTURE BG 14/02 BOTTOM HINGE CONNECTION DESIG Checked By Date Sheet No
1
Ref:

Design of angle section Sectionsize UKA 100x75x12

Notes: The design of the angle section is carried out based on the Eurocde 3
recommendations.

All loads applied on the structure are assumed to be transferred through the shear
centre of the section.

The bending capacity is estimated based on section 4.3.8 of IStructE Manual for the
design of steelwork building structuresa to EC3. (applicable to class 3 or above)

The section details are obtained from SCI Bluebook (P363: Steel design data).

The yellow coloured cells indicate input data.

Length of longer leg 'h' = 100.00 mm

Length of shorter leg 'b' = 75.00 mm
Thickness of the legs 't' = 12.00 mm
Angle between axis Y-Y and U-U 'α' = 28.4 degree
Equivalent slenderness coefficient φa = 2.10
Mono symmetry index from steel tablψa = 3.46
Radius of gyration about V-V axis = 15.90 mm
Wv = section modulus about v-v ax(refer to Appendix for the steel table) = 14800.00 mm3
Wel,u,min = elastic section modulus about u-u axis = 33400.00 mm3
fy = yield strength of steel = 275.00 Mpa
ϒM0 = Partial factor for structural steel applied to resistance of cross-sections as per = 1.00
BS EN 1993-1-1, 6.1(1)
ϒM1 = Partial factor for structural steel applied to resistance of members to instability = 1.00
assessed by member checks as per BS EN 1993-1-1, 6.1(1)
E = Young's modulus of the section = 210000.00 Mpa

Section classification check (from table 5.2 of EN 1993-1-1:2005+A1:2014 €)

ε = SQRT (235/fy) = SQRT 235/ ### = 0.92

h/t = ### / 12.00 = 8.33

b+h/2t = ( ### + 75.00 ) / 2* 12.00 = 7.29
There for class 3
IDG Quality Management System
FORM

CALCULATION SHEET

Project: GOB Prepared By Date Project No

Contract: ELR: TAH 2 Mileage: 14.056 FH 4/27/2018 129178
Item: STRUCTURE BG 14/02 BOTTOM HINGE CONNECTION DESIG Checked By Date Sheet No
2
Ref

Bending capacity check

Design bending moment about Y-Y axis = 2.1 kNm

Design bending moment about Z-Zaxis = 0.63 kNm
Length of the beam = 165 mm

Resolved moments about principle axes

Bending moment about U-U axis= My cosα + Mz sinα = 2.15 kNm

= 2.1 * cos 28.4 + 0.63 * sin 28.4
Bending moment about V-V axis = My sinα + Mz cosα = 1.55 kNm
= 2.1 * sin 28.4 + 0.63 * cos 28.4

The section resists the applied moments if the follwing interaction is satisfied

Where
Mv,Ed = design moment about v-v axis = 1.55 kNm
Mu,Ed = design moment about u-u axis = 2.15 kNm

χLT = reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling, obtained from buckling curve d
in figure 6.2 of EN 1993-1-1. The buckling curve is decided from table NA1 of
NA to 1993-1-1(estimated against relative slenderness λLT### = ) = 1.00

λLT = relative slenderness is given by

= 0.72* 0.55 *SQRT ( ### * 2.10 * 10.38 / 210000 ) = 0.07

va = for unequal angles is given by

va = 1/(SQRT(SQRT (1+(4.5* 3.46 / 10.38 )2 )+ (4.5* 3.46 / 10.38 )))= 0.55

Where λv = slenderness about v-v axis

= length of angle/radius of gyration = 165 / 15.90 = 10.38

Therefore, interaction check is given by

{ ( 2.15 * 1 /( 14800 * 275 )) +

( 1.55 * 1 /( 1.0 * 33400 * 275 )) } *1000000 = 0.62
SAFE
IDG Quality Management System
FORM

CALCULATION SHEET

Project: GOB Prepared By Date Project No

Contract: ELR: TAH 2 Mileage: 14.056 FH 4/27/2018 129178
Item: STRUCTURE BG 14/02 BOTTOM HINGE CONNECTION DESIG Checked By Date Sheet No
3
Ref

Check for shear

Critical shear force (along 100mm leg) = 54.2 kN

The critical shear is assumed to be resisted by the vertical leg of the angle between top
flange and hinge bolt (M24) as shown below ( this will be the most onerous case)

Critical section
resisting shear

Shear area (Av) of the section = 12* (58-31.5/2) = 507.00 mm2

Shear capacity of the section as per eq 6.12 of EC 1993-1-1 is

= { ### * ### /√3)/ ### }/1000 = 80.50 kN

SAFE
IDG Quality Management System
FORM

CALCULATION SHEET

Project: GOB Prepared By Date Project No

Contract: ELR: TAH 2 Mileage: 14.056 FH 4/27/2018 129178
Item: STRUCTURE BG 14/02 BOTTOM HINGE CONNECTION DESIG Checked By Date Sheet No
4
Ref
IDG Quality Management System
FORM

CALCULATION SHEET

Project: GOB Prepared By Date Project No

Contract: ELR: TAH 2 Mileage: 14.056 FH 4/27/2018 129178
Item: STRUCTURE BG 14/02 BOTTOM HINGE CONNECTION DESIG Checked By Date Sheet No
5
Ref
IDG Quality Management System
FORM

CALCULATION SHEET

Project: GOB Prepared By Date Project No

Contract: ELR: TAH 2 Mileage: 14.056 FH 4/27/2018 129178
Item: STRUCTURE BG 14/02 BOTTOM HINGE CONNECTION DESIG Checked By Date Sheet No
6
Ref
IDG Quality Management System
FORM

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IDG Quality Management System
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Buildings & Civils Design Group CALCULATIONS SHEET

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Item: Checked By Date Sheet No

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IDG Quality Management System
FORM
Buildings & Civils Design Group CALCULATIONS SHEET

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