RULES OF
KONSEP STANDAR
THUMB
PROSEDUR SOAL
PERHITUNGAN HITUNGAN
RANGKA PRESENTASI
Perancangan Alat
KONSEP HE SHELL & TUBE
Perancangan Alat
Definisi Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Tujuan
STHE merupakan jenis HE
yang sangat berguna dan
banyak digunakan dalam
proses industri.
2. Nozzles
3. Channels
4. Channel covers
5. Baffles
Perbandingan
Single Pass Multiple Passes
• Saat fluida dalam HE saling melewati • Saat fluida dalam HE saling melewati
hanya satu kali disebut singgle pass lebih dari satu kali disebut multi pass
heat exchanger. heat exchanger.
• Tidak dapat menyediakan heat • Untuk membuat fluida yang multiple
recovery passes ialah menggunakan U-tube
HE dan menambah baffle.
• Contoh 1-4,1-6,1-8,2-4. Angka
pertama menunjukan jumlah shell
dan angka kedua menunjukan
jumlah passes.
Single Pass
& Multi Pass
MULTIPASS STHE
Merupakan penyokong
agar tubes tidak bergetar
atau bergerak
Terbagi 2 tipe:
PLATE
ROD
PLATE BAFFLE
J e n i s B a f f l e p a d a S T H E
ROD BAFFLE
J e n i s B a f f l e p a d a S T H E
Istilah-istilah dalam HE Shell&Tube
BAFFLE CUT
Pengaruhi keefisienan
perpindahan panas di shellside
American
Petroleum Institute TEMA
(API)
(Tubular Exchanger
ANSI/API Standard 660 (8th Ed) Manufactures Association)
tahun 2007
Design STHE
Temperatur
Harus mempunyai
Maximum Design Design Temperature
Temperaute dan harus dipengaruhi oleh
Minimum Design Metal shell dan tube
Temperature (MDMT)
Perancangan Alat
Soal .1. Sebuah alat penukar kalor pipa ganda jenis
aliran sejajar (parallel flow), dimana air panas
didinginkan dengan menggunakan air dingin dengan
laju aliran massa masingmasingnya adalah 0,2 kg/dtk
dan 0,5 kg/dtk, temperatur masuk dan keluar air panas
adalah 75 oC dan 45 oC, temperatur masuk air dingin 20
oC. Jika koefisien perpindahan panas kedua sisi adalah
650 W/m2.oC. Tentukan luas penampang alat penukar
kalor tersebut.
Diketahui : APK pipa • Fluida dingin (air)
ganda aliran searah
(parallel flow) mc = 0,5 kg/dtk
Th, in = th, 1 = 75 oC
hh = 650 W/m2 . oC
EXAMPLE 8.2 (KERN)
Perancangan Alat
Calculation of a 2-4 Oil Cooler
T1(358)
t2(120)
T2(100)
t1(90)
L
Solution:-
Exchanger
shell side Tube side
ID=35in. Number=454
Baffle spacing=7in. Length=12׳0״
Passes=2 OD,BWG=1in.,11
Pitch=1¼in.squre
Passes=6
Hot fluid Cold fluid
difference
T1=358˚F t2=120˚F ∆t1=238˚F
T2=100˚F t1=90˚F ∆t2=10˚F
Temperature range:-
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)
258˚F 30˚F
LMTD:-
LMTD= ∆t1-∆t2
ln(∆t1/∆t2)
LMTD = 238-10
ln(238/10)
LMTD =72˚F
Correction factor:-
R= (T1-T2)/(t2 - t1)
R=238/30
R=8.6
S=(t2-t1)/(T1-t1)
S=30/(358-90)
S=0.112
True temperature difference:-
∆t=FT×LMTD
From table: FT=0.93
LMTD=72˚F
∆t=0.93×72
∆t=66.96˚F
Heat balance:-
Oil
Q=W ×cp×(T1-T2)
Q=49,600×0.545×(358-100)
Q=6,980,000Btu/hr
Water
Q=m×cp×(t2-t1)
Q=23,2666.67×1.0×(120-90)
Q=6,980,000.1Btu/hr
Caloric temperatures:-
∆t2/∆t1=10/238=0.042
For
API=33.5˚ and temperature
range(258˚F) Kc=0.47(from table)
For Kc=0.47 and ∆t2/∆t1=0.042
Fc=0.267
Caloric temperature of hot fluid:
Tc=T2+Fc×(T1-T2)
Tc=100+0.267×(258)
Tc=165˚F
Caloric temperature of cold fluid:
tc=t1+Fc×(t2-t1)
tc=90+0.267×(30)
tc=98˚F
Hot fluid: shell side
Flow area
as=1/2(ID×C×׳B)/144PT
as=1/2(35×0.25×7)/144×1.25
as=0.17ft2
Mass velocity
Gs=W/as
Gs=49,600/0.17
Gs=292000lb/(hr)(ft2)
Viscosity:
At Tc=165F (from table)
µ=1.12cp
µ=1.12×2.42
µ=2.71lb/(ft)(hr)
Equivalent diameter:
De=0.99 in. (from table)
De=0.99/12
De=0.0825ft
Reynolds number:
Res=DeGs/µ
Res=0.0825×292000/2.71
Res=8900
jH=52.5 (from table)
Prandtl number:-
Pr=(cµ/k)
For
API=33.5˚ and µ=2.71 (from table)
k(Pr)⅓=0.20Btu/(hr)(ft2)(˚F)
Film coefficient:
ho=jH× (k/De) × (Pr)⅓×Φs
ho/Φs= 52.5 ×0.2/0.0825
ho/Φs=127
Cold fluid: tube side
Flow area:
a׳t=0.455 in. square
at=(Nt×a׳t)/(144×n)
at=(454×0.455)/(144×6)
at=0.239ft2
Mass velocity:
Gt=m/at
Gt=232666.67/0.239
Gt=973500lb/(hr)(ft2)
Fluid velocity:
V=Gt/(3600×ρ)
V=973500/(3600×62.37)
V=4.33fps
Diameter:
D=0.76 in./12 (from table)
D=0.0633ft
Viscosity:
At tc=98˚F
µ=0.73 cp (from table)
µ=0.73×2.42
µ=1.77 lb/(hr)(ft)
Reynolds number:
Ret=D× Gt/μ
Ret=(0.0633 ×973500)/1.77
Ret=348156
Film coefficient:
For
V=4.33fps (from table)
hi=1010×0.96
hi=970 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
hio=hi×(ID/OD)
hio=970×(0.76/1.0)
hio=737 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
Tube-wall temperature:
tw=tc+ ho × (Tc-tc)
(ho+hio)
tw=98+ 127 × (165-98)
(127+737)
tw=108ºF
At tw:
μw=1.95×2.42
μw=4.72 lb/(hr)(ft)
Φs=(μ/μw)¼
Φs=(2.71/4.72)¼
Φs=0.92
ho=127×0.92
ho=117 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
Clean overall coefficient Uc:
Uc=(737×117)/(737+117)
Uc=101 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
Design overall coefficient UD:
UD=Q/(A× ∆t)
A(total)=454×12ft×(0.2618ft2/lin ft)
A=1425ft2
UD=6980000/(1425×66.96)
UD=73.15 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
Dirt factor Rd:
Rd=(Uc-UD)/UcUD
Rd=(101-73.15)/(101×73.15)
Rd=0.00377 (hr)(ft2)(ºF)/Btu
Rd (required) 0.004
Rd(calculated) 0.00377
Pressure drop: (on shell side)
5.22×1010×0.0825×0.82×0.92
∆Ps =7.0psi (allowable=10psi)
Pressure drop: (on tube side)
Ret =34815.6 (from fig.)
f=0.000195ft2/in.2
∆Pt=(f×Gt2×L×n)/(5.22×1010×Ds×Φt)
∆Pt= 4 psi
Gt=973500,v2/2g=0.13 (from fig.)
∆Pr=(4×n×v2)/(2g×s)
∆Pr=3.2 psi
∆PT=∆Pt+∆Pr=7.2psi(allowable=10psi)
2-4 Shell and tube heat exchanger:-
Only replace value of n=6 to n=4
At=0.3585
Gt=649000
V=2.89fps
Ret=23210
hi=760 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
hio=577 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
tw=110ºF
ho=117 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
Uc=94 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(ºF)
Rd=0.003 (hr)(ft2)(ºF)/Btu
F=0.00025
∆Pt=1.53 psi ,v2/2g =0.065
∆Pr=1.04 psi
∆PT=∆Pt+∆Pr=2.57psi
(allowable=10psi)s
So,2-6 STHE is more suitable as
compare to 2-4 STHE.
EXAMPLE 8.2 KERN
CONTOH PERHITUNGAN STHE
CALCULATION OF AN ACETONE-ACETIC ACID
EXCHANGER
Acetone (s=0.79) at 250oF is to be sent to storage at 100oF and at a rate of 60,000
lb/hr. The heat will be recieved by 168,000 lb/hr of 100 per cent acetic acid (s=1.07)
coming from storage at 90oC and heated to 150oC. Pressure drops of 10.0 psi are
available for both fluids, and a combined dirt factor of 0.004 should be provided.
Available for the service are a large number of 1-2 exchangers having 21 ¼ in. ID shells
with 270 tubes ¾ in. OD, 14 BWG, 16’0’’ long and laid out 1-in. Square pitch. The
bundles are arranged for two tube passes with segmental baffles spaced in. apart.
How many of the 1-2 exchangers should be installed in series?
Diketahui :
Table 9. Tube Sheet Table 10. Heat Exchanger and Condenser Tube
Layout Data
PEMBAHASAN
1. HEAT BALANCE Q = WC (T1-T2)
Aceton Acetic acid
Q = 60,000 x 0.57 (250-100) = 5,130,000 Btu/hr Q = 168,000 x 0.51 (150-90) =
5,130,000 Btu/hr
2.TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
(
= LMTD. FT
FT merupakan pertimbangan
pemilihan jumlah shell and tube.
Terlebih dahulu menghitung R dan S Fig. 18 (HE 1-2) FT = tidak memotong
Fig. 19 (HE 2-4) FT = 0.67 (masih terlalu
rendah, minimal 0.75)
Fig. 20 (HE 3-6) FT = 0.88 (pilih tipe HE
3-6)
= LMTD. FT = 39.1 x 0.88 = 34.4 F
FIG. 18
FIG. 19
0.
67
FIG. 20 0.
88
3. CALORIC TEMPERATURE
Tc and tc. These liquids are not viscous, and the viscosity correction will be negligible, .
Average temperatures may be used.
Aceton Ta = (250+100)/2 = 175 F , Acetic acid ta = (150+90)/2 =
120 F
4. FLOW AREA
Keterangan :
ID = Inner Diameter
C’ = PT – OD tube
B = Baffle
5. MASS VELOCITY
6.
Aceton 100%
Ta = 175 F
x = 14.5
y = 7.2
10. hio
0.001
55
FIG. 26
0.000
24
FIG. 27
0.
63
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