Human
Needs
+ Limited
Resources
+ Waste &
Pollution
How do human actions demolish the natural
resources environmental crises?
Deforestation Examples
Heavily mining of natural resources
Farming activates depletion of aquifers, and
introducing contaminants into the groundwater
Groundwater and surface water development
projects damaging the environment (i.e. building
a dam will change the stream system)
Industrial activates increasing the concentration
of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere global
climatic problems
-------
NATURAL FACTORS
External geologic Processes
6. Limitation of resources
7. Unifomitarianism
8. Our obligation
Human Population Growth
Population
Bomb:
About to
Explode?.......
Human Population Growth
Population:
At
Exponential
Growth Rate?
1. Human Population Growth
1. Principal environmental problem: population growth increases
the impacts on the limited resources.
Growth rate (G) (%)
Doubling time (D): the time it takes for population to double,
generally equal to 70 divided by the growth rate = 70/G
2. Human population through history
Exponential growth: a constant percentage of people are
added to the population each year
Human population growth has coincided with changes in
technology and lifestyles.
3. Population growth and the future:
Earth as the only suitable human habitat will be damaged..
As population growth continuously, it may be difficult to
supply sufficient resources and a high-quality environment
Notice: “the rate of change in human population growth is
decreasing for the first time since the mid-1900’s”.
2. Sustainability
(Management of Earth's Resources)
Two goals:
1. Conservation of Resources
2. Prevention of environmental
degradation during resource
extraction.
Management of Earth's Resources
???
Are there sufficient resources to support
the growing global population?
What steps can be taken to preserve the
most heavily exploited resources?
How can resources be mined safely and
economically?
economically
Urban Machine
INPUTS
INPUTS OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
Energy
Urbanization Products
Water
Waste
Soil
Pollution
Minerals
Population, Industry, Agriculture, Technology
The
The Key
Key toto Sustainable
Sustainable Development
Development isis Effective
Effective Environmental
Environmental Management.
Management
Management.
HOW?????
HOW?????
INPUTS
INPUTS and
and OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS Should
Should be
be Balanced
Balanced with
with NO
NO Disturbance
Disturbance for
for the
the
Natural
NaturalEquilibrium
Equilibrium ofof Earth
Earth Systems.
Systems.
3. Earth System
Types of Systems
Open System
Closed System
Isolated System
Requirements:
Landform features;
Earth materials distribution;
Tectonic features;
Physical and chemical properties of earth
materials.
Scientific Information
Evaluation of Natural Hazards
2. HOW?
1.How
1. How often
often do
do such
such
naturalhazards
natural hazardsoccur?
occur?
2.How
2. How large
large an
an area
area will
will
beaffected?
be affected?
3.How
3. How grave
grave is
is the
the risk
risk
for
for people
people and
and
properties?
properties?
Records
Evaluation of Natural Hazards
2. How?
Determine Risks (R) of natural
hazards:
Earthquakes
Risk analysis
Landslides R = Pe $
Flooding
Volcanic eruptions
Sand movement
Mitigation of Natural Hazards
3. Why?
Actions to be taken to stop / minimize the
adverse impacts…………
Examples
Earthquakes implement building codes, -----
Landslides reduce slopes, add drainage, -----
Flooding building dams, flood monitoring, -----
Volcanoes predict type/ timing of eruptions, -----
5. Geosciences &
Environmental Geology
Environmental geology has
been born from the need for
interaction of the three main
Geomorph- Engineering
fields of applied Earth ology Geolog
sciences: y
Applied geomorphology
Economic geology and Environmental Economic
Geology Geology
Engineering geology
Engineering geology Maps Maps, which record, ground conditions, and rock/soil properties useful in
the design of engineering works.
Thematic Maps Maps devoted to specific specialist topics.
Element Maps Thematic Maps showing observational or factual data on a single theme.
Examples of these include solid geology maps, surficial geology maps,
structural geology maps, Geomorphological maps, land-use maps and soil
maps.
Derived Maps Interpretation maps based on one or more element maps, synthesizing
(Analytical Maps) several types of information relevant to a single issue.
Potential Maps Thematic Maps which demonstrate potential uses of land, or the potential
for processes to occur.
Constraint Maps Thematic Maps which indicate limitations on the use of land (e.g.
agricultural land capability maps; in the UK).
Hazard Maps Thematic Maps which show the known extent and types of hazards in an
area.
Risk Maps Maps which attempt to quantify the likelihood of a damaging event of a
given type and size occurring.
Vulnerability Maps Thematic Maps which assess the vulnerability of a population or
environment to a particular hazard.
Resource Maps Thematic Maps indicating the nature, extent and quality of resources, on
and under the ground.
Scientific Method
Science
Geologists work through:
1. Facts collection
Observations
Measurements
2. Hypothesis
3. Testing-hypothesis
Reject;
Modify; or
Accept
4. Theory
1
Scientific
Method 2
1. ---------------
2. --------------- 3
3. ---------------
4. ---------------
4
Assignment # 1
Write a short essay in One of the following topics:
1. WHY HAS THE PRACTICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
GEOOGY BECOMES SO IMPORTANT IN THE
MODERN SOCIETY?
Environmental Impact
Solutions Assessment.
Risk Analysis
Warning System
and
Monitoring Program