Obstacles to Persuasive

Presentations
Fear of speaking
Overreliance on slides
A failure to engage
A misconception about persuasion
Managing Distraction
Humans do not have a single capacity for attention. We have three:

Alerting
Alerting means awareness of our surroundings, particularly changes in them such as the sudden
appearance of a grizzly bear.

Orienting
Orienting or focus allows us to concentrate on something such as the intentions of a nearby grizzly.

Executive
Executive attention helps us plan and make judgments such as never hiking alone again in national parks
where grizzly bears live.

Misconceptions about persuasion

Persuasion is about winning or losing
 Types of Presentation
• Persuasive presentation – Its about the audience
• Argument and persuasive presentation
• Emotion and persuasive
• Character and persuasive
• Primary Objective
• Content
• Manner of communication-body language, eye contact

3 types of argument
• Decision
• Evaluation
• Diagnosis
practical suggestions for responding to hostile audience behavior:

•Disagreement

•Interruptions

•Arguments

•Side Conversation

•ICAA organizer, or template, stands for Issue-Conclusion-Argument-Action.

•It is designed for persuasive presentations and provides a shortcut for creating ideas and arranging them.
• Issue: First, they state the issue.
• Argument: Second, they argue against the major opposing opinions.
• Argument: Third, they argue for their conclusion.
• Conclusion: Fourth, they state the conclusion.
• Action: Finally, they discuss actions based on the conclusion.
Preparing the plan
• Generate Ideas and Take Notes
• Group Content
• Create the Presentation Plan
• Plan Slides and Other Media
• Prepare Slides and Other Media
• Edit the Presentation
• Practice the Presentation
Enriching the presentation
Energizing the Speech Channel
• Storytelling
• Audience Participation
• Handouts
• Vivid Language: Quotations
• Vivid Language: Analogies
• Vivid Language: Metaphors
Energizing the Visual Channel

• Images
• Charts and Other Graphics
• Video
• Internet-Based Technologies
• Props and Demonstrations
The Message: Preparing Slides and Other Media

• Slides as Organizers
• Number of Slides
• Lead Lines and Bullet Points
• Slide Animation
• Designing Effective Slides
Designing Effective Slides
•Relevance
•Simplicity and Clarity
•Forcefulness
•Readability
 The Delivery: Communicating the Message
Communication Apprehension –
Cause: Situation, audience and goal
Coping strategies
1. Welcoming Anxiety
2. Instruction and Practice
3. Visualization
4. Reframing
5. Writing Thoughts and Feelings
6. Positive Self-Talk
7. Staying in the Present
Five character of speaking voice
• Projection
• Emphasis
• Rate of speech
• Tone
• Verbal fillers
Nonverbal communication can be divided into
five sources:
• Facial expression
• Eye contact
• Posture
• Movement
• Gesture
4 ways to practice

1. Use Video
2. Use a Trusted Audience
3. Practice with a Mirror
4. Practice without a Mirror
Answering Question

• Preparing for Questions

• Rehearsing a Q&A
• Conducting the Q&A
• Maintaining Control
•
Team Presentation
Presenting in teams demands coordination and continuity in four areas:
• Content
• Slides and other visuals
• Delivery
• Transitions and timing
Web and Video Conferencing

• Technical Considerations
• Strengths of Virtual Presentations
• Weaknesses of Virtual Presentations
• Preparing Virtual Presentations
• Delivering Virtual Presentations
•
Voice
Nonverbal Communication
Practice
Answering Questions
Team Presentations
Web and Video Conferencing
When You Present
 Causes of Communication Apprehension
Research has identified three causes of communication apprehension: the situation, the audience, and the speaker’s goals.

Situation
Physical aspects of speaking, such as the room or the number of people
Example: Speaking to a large number of people

Audience
The people the speaker is addressing
Example: A non-native speaker of English presenting to an audience of native English speakers

Goals
The speaker’s desired outcome
Example: Asking the audience for a large sum of money to keep a company afloat

Coping Strategies
Research has identified numerous practices for coping with communication apprehension. Here are seven that are widely used.

1. Welcoming Anxiety

2. Instruction and Practice

3. Visualization

4. Reframing

5. Writing Thoughts and Feelings

6. Positive Self-Talk

7. Staying in the Present

Voice
• Projection
• Emphasis
• Rate of Speech
• Tone
• Verbal Fillers