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Speech is power
Academic Research and Communication Skills
‘
’
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Preparing Oral Presentations

Learning Objectives
ARCS
Plan and Structure effective presentations
Plan and Structure effective presentations

Speaking & Listening

ARCS
●●●●●●●●●
Stages of Listening
Verbal
Verbal
Visual
Visual
Vocal
Vocal
Message
Codes
Speaking & Listening
ARCS
As well as ideas, listeners interpret & evaluate:
•
VerbalCode(What you say)
•
VisualCode(What they see)
•
VocalCode(How you speak)
THINK:
What percentage importance would you give to the
Verbal Code?
Stages of Listening: Interpreting & Evaluating
●●●●

Speaking & Listening

ARCS
The percentage of meaning carried by Visual and Vocal Code compared
with the Verbal Code (Source: Philpott, JS 1983, The Relative
Contribution to Meaning of Verbal and Nonverbal Channels of
Communication, University of Nebraska.)
Stages of Listening: Interpreting & Evaluating
●●●
69%
31%
Visual and
Vocal Codes
Verbal Code

ARCS
●
•The end result of listening
•10-25% remembered
Keys to Helping Audience Memory:
•Organisation
•Effective Delivery
•Repetition
•Relevance
•Visual Aids
Stages of Listening: Remembering
Speaking & Listening

Basic Steps
1.
Preparing an Oral Presentation
ARCS
●●
Analyse audience
2.
Decide topic, purpose & main
points

Preparing an Oral Presentation

3 .Organise main points
4. Plan introduction and conclusion
5. Make speaking notes
6. Prepare visual aids
ARCS
●
10 Basic Steps

Basic Steps: Topic, Purpose & Main Points

Preparing an Oral Presentation
ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Purpose
1.Is presentationinformative orpersuasive?
2.Complete a purpose statement …
‘After my speech, the audience will…’
Preparing an Oral Presentation
ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Topic:Health
Exact Purpose:After my 7-minute speech, the
audience will …
1.Be convinced alternative medicines are better than
Western drug-based treatments
2.Be more aware of and be able to avoid common health
risks
3.Explain medical law
Basic Steps: Topic, Purpose & Main Points

Preparing an Oral Presentation

ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Common research mistakes:
•Not evaluating sources (damages
credibility)
•Not supporting your main points
•Not referencing
Basic Steps: Research to Support Main Points

Preparing an Oral Presentation

ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Select Supporting Material that …
Clarifies–clarify concepts and terms.
Proves–Use quotes from experts, statistics,
examples.
Adds Interest–Variety of supports keeps the
audience engaged.
Basic Steps: Select Best Supporting Material

Preparing an Oral Presentation

ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Types of Supporting Material:
•Explanations
•Statistics
•Examples & Demonstration
•Comparisons
•Expert Opinions
Basic Steps: Select Best Supporting Material
Preparing an Oral Presentation
ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Comparisons
Compare or contrast unknown idea or thing
with something known
Literal:Compare US and UK economy
Figurative:Compare US economy to sick
old man
Basic Steps: Select Best Supporting Material

ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●●
Expert Opinions
Paraphrase or quoted directly
Include source information
Source should be introduced
Put in context and explained
Basic Steps: Select Best Supporting Material
Preparing an Oral Presentation
Preparing an Oral Presentation
ARCS
●●●●●●●●●●●●
Demonstrations
Make sure audience can see – use visual
aids
Practice beforehand
Keep it brief
Maintain eye contact
Continue speaking (As you can see … What
you’ll notice is … An interesting feature is …)
Basic Steps: Select Best Supporting Material

Begin with Attention-Getter

1.
Preparing an Oral Presentation
2.
ARCS
Basic Steps: Planning Introduction & Conclusion
●●●●●●●●●
3.
Present Thesis Statement
Motivate Audience to Listen
An effective Introduction should
take no more than 10 to 15 per cent
of your total speaking time –
approximately 30-45 seconds in a
5-minute speech.
Introduction

Introduction: Motivate Audience

Preparing an Oral Presentation
Basic Steps: Planning Introduction & Conclusion
ARCS
●●●●●●●
•
Explain benefits of listening
•
What will speech do for audience?

•
Preparing an Oral Presentation
Introduction: Establish Credibility
•
Mention personal experience
ARCS
●●●●●●
Why does topic interest you?
•
Mention expert sources consulted
Basic Steps: Planning Introduction & Conclusion

Re-state main points and/or

purpose (if informative)
Preparing an Oral Presentation
Conclusion: Summarize Main
Points
•
ARCS
●●●
•
Remind audience of your position,
main arguments and/or
recommendations (if persuasive)
Basic Steps: Planning Introduction & Conclusion
ARCS

Lesson 10 Preparing Oral Presentations

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