Born-Haber Cycle

Lattice Enthalpy
 The enthalpy of formation of one mole of an ionic compound from gaseous ions under
standard conditions
  The charge of the ion affects the lattice enthalpy a stronger charge between the ions leads to a
high lattice enthalpy e.g. MgO having a +2 and a -2 charge has way more lattice energy then
NaCl(+1,-1)
 The ionic radius of individual atoms in the ionic compound also affect the lattice energy. If
both the metal and the non metal have a small ionic radius as in MgO they will have a high
lattice enthalpy as the ions are close to each other resulting in a strong force of attraction
between ions. The distance between centers of ions plays a vital role in governing the strength
of the attractive forces F= k q1.q2/radius squared
 If the lattice enthalpy of a reaction is endothermic and is very high this usually means that the
substance is unstable and that the energy cost is very high
Atomization enthalpy
 The standard atomization enthalpy is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous atoms is
formed from the element in its standard state. Enthalpy change of atomization is always
positive.
Polarization in Ionic bonds
 The electrons of the anion(negative) are attracted by the positive charge of the
cation(positive)
 The polarization of the anion then starts resembling a covalent bond. This adds covalent
character to the ionic bond
Factors affecting the polarization of the ionic compound
 The ionic radius of the cation changes the polarization power of the cation. Smaller the radius
stronger the polarization, this is because the center of the cation is more closer to the anion
and this in turn causes more attraction between electrons of the anion and the protons pf the
cation
 The nuclear charge of the cation is directly proportional to the strength of the polarization, as
the charge increases the attraction from the protons increases, the outer electrons of the
anion get more attracted to the center of the cation
 The anions ionic radius is inversely proportional to the strength of polarization, mainly due to
weaker attractive forces between the nucleus and its outer electrons, the large ionic radius is
also affecting the charge of the anion and due to a less nuclear charge the electrons aren't
held together as tightly to the Nucleus