SMART TOLL GATE

Report submitted to
College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of
Bachelor of Technology
in Electrical Engineering
by

AKASH KUMAR PATI 1601106295 SARTHAK SWAROOP DASH 1601106358

ARUNDHATI PANDA 1601106422 SHARMILA PAL 1601106364
ATMA PRAKASH SETHY 1601106308 SHUBHAM SHARMA 1601106368
DINESH MOHAPATRA 1601106319 SRIMAN AYASHKANT AVTAR 1601106380
DIPTALOK SAHOO 1601106320 SUBHAKANTA SWAIN 1601106381

Under the guidance of

MR. DIPAK RANJAN SWAIN (ASST. PROFESSOR, CET BBSR)
MRS. SUDIPTA MOHANTY (ASST. PROFESSOR, CET BBSR)
MR. SANDEEP PATTANAYAK (GET, CTTC BHUBANESWAR)
MR. BHABANI SHANKAR SWAIN (GET, CTTC BHUBANESWAR)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

CENTRAL TOOL ROOM AND TRAINING CENTRE, BHUBANESWAR

MINISTRY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
 SMART TOLL GATE
Report submitted to
College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

of
Bachelor of Technology
in Electrical Engineering
by

AKASH KUMAR PATI 1601106295 SARTHAK SWAROOP DASH 1601106358

ARUNDHATI PANDA 1601106422 SHARMILA PAL 1601106364
ATMA PRAKASH SETHY 1601106308 SHUBHAM SHARMA 1601106368
DINESH MOHAPATRA 1601106319 SRIMAN AYASHKANT AVTAR 1601106380
DIPTALOK SAHOO 1601106320 SUBHAKANTA SWAIN 1601106381

Under the guidance of

MR. DIPAK RANJAN SWAIN (ASST. PROFESSOR, CET BBSR)
MRS. SUDIPTA MOHANTY (ASST. PROFESSOR, CET BBSR)
MR. SANDEEP PATTANAYAK (GET, CTTC BHUBANESWAR)
MR. BHABANI SHANKAR SWAIN (GET, CTTC BHUBANESWAR)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BHUBANESWAR

CENTRAL TOOL ROOM AND TRAINING CENTRE, BHUBANESWAR

MINISTRY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

APRIL 2018
©2018, All Rights Reserved

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and deep regards
to our guides Mr. Dipak Ranjan Swain (Asst. Professor, Department of
Electrical Engineering, CET Bhubaneswar), Mrs. Sudipta Mohanty (Asst.
Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, CET Bhubaneswar),
Mr. Sandeep Pattanayak (GET, CTTC Bhubaneswar) and Mr. Bhabani
Shankar Swain (GET, CTTC Bhubaneswar) for their exemplary guidance,
monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this project.
The blessing, help and guidance given by them time to time will carry us a
long way in the journey of life on which we are about to embark.

We would like to thank other professors and all laboratory maintenance staffs
for providing us assistance in various hardware and software problems
encountered during the course of our project.

We also take this opportunity to offer our suborned earnest regard to other
well-wishers, whose scholarly guidance, affectionate and illuminating
suggestion inspired us to shape our project work in this existing form.

II
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHUBANESWAR – 751029

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that our project under Skills and Hands-on project entitled “SMART TOLL
GATE” is being submitted for bonafide work of research carried out by us under the guidance
of Mr. Dipak Ranjan Swain (Asst. Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, CET
Bhubaneswar), Mrs. Sudipta Mohanty (Asst. Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, CET
Bhubaneswar), Mr. Sandeep Pattanayak (GET, CTTC Bhubaneswar) and Mr. Bhabani
Shankar Swain (GET, CTTC Bhubaneswar).

The results of the work have not been submitted by us for the award of any other degree.

III
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
BHUBANESWAR – 751029

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project under Skills and Hands-on project entitled “SMART TOLL
GATE” submitted by AKASH KUMAR PATI, ARUNDHATI PANDA, ATMA
PRAKASH SETHY, DINESH MOHAPATRA, DIPTALOK SAHOO, SARTHAK
SWAROOP DASH, SHARMILA PAL, SRIMAN AYASHKANT AVTAR,
SUBHAKANTA SWAIN & SUBHAM SHARMA to College of Engineering and
Technology, Bhubaneswar and Central Tool Room and Training Centre, Bhubaneswar
is a record of bonafide project work carried out by them under our supervision and guidance
and it fulfils the requirements of the regulation relating to the nature and standard of work for
the award of degree of Bachelors in Technology.

DR. MEERA VISWAVANDYA MR. SANDEEP PATTANAYAK

HOD, ELECTRICAL ENGG GET
CET BHUBANESWAR CTTC, BHUBANESWAR

MR. DIPAK RANJAN SWAIN MR. BHABANI SHANKAR SWAIN

ASST. PROFESSOR GET
CET BHUBANESWAR CTTC, BHUBANESWAR

MRS. SUDIPTA MOHANTY

ASST.PROFESSOR
CET BHUBANESWAR

IV
 ABSTRACT
Now a days there is a huge rush in the toll plazas in order to pay the toll
tax. Therefore in order to reduce the traffic jam and to save time and
also to reduce the huge money loss, we have designed a project for the
automation in toll tax payment using RFID. We have made the
automation of toll plaza using combination of microcontroller and
RFID.

This report explains the implantation of automation in toll plaza which

is a step towards improving the monitoring of vehicles, travelling in
predetermine routes. The aim of our project is to design a system, which
automatically identifies an approaching vehicle and record vehicle’s
number and time. If the vehicle has authorized RFID tag, it
automatically opens the toll gate and a predetermined amount is
automatically deducted from its account and a mail is sent to the owner
simultaneously.

This translates to reduced traffic congestion at toll plaza, reduce the

manual work and helps in lower fuel consumption. This is very
important advantage of this system.

V
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. FIGURE DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

FIG. 1 Working of RFID Reader 7

FIG. 2 RFID Tag Block Diagram 8

FIG. 3 Em-18 Reader Module- Bottom View 8

FIG. 4 Em-18 Reader Module 9

FIG. 5 Devkit Board 12

FIG. 6 NodeMCU Pin Diagram 13

FIG. 7 Arduino Uno 15

FIG. 8 DC Motor 20

FIG. 9 DC Servomotor 21

FIG. 10 Internal Diagram of DC Servomotor 23

FIG. 11 Block Diagram of DC Servomotor 24

FIG. 12 Buzzer 26

FIG .13 Led Light 28

FIG .14 Jumper Wires 29

FIG .15 Block Diagram 31

FIG .16 Flow Diagram 33

VI
 INDEX
Acknowledgement II
Declaration III
Certificate IV
Abstract V
List of Figures VI

1. Introduction 1

2. Components Used in Project 4

3. Microcontrollers 5

3.1. EM-18 RFID Reader 5

3.2. NodeMCU 11

4. Software Used 14

4.1. Arduino IDE Software 14

4.2. PHP 16

4.3. My SQL 18

5. Hardware Used 19

5.1. 10 RPM Centre Shaft DC Motor 19

5.2. DC Servomotor 21

5.3 Buzzer 26

VII
 5.4 LED Lights 27

5.5 Jumper Wires 29

6. Operation 30

6.1. Block Diagram 31

6.2. Flow Diagram 32

7. Advantages 33

8. Conclusion 34

9. Future Scope 35

10. Reference 36

VIII
1. INTRODUCTION

Any structure, building or system needs maintenance and

rehabilitation, which are of course costly. Highways and roads are also
not an exception. From the very past, the construction, extension,
maintenance and operating costs of highways, roads, bridges and
tunnels were collected directly or indirectly. In the old indirect method,
the expenses are compensated either by the tax payment for fuel or by
budget allocation of the national income. The shortcoming of this
method is that a number of taxpayers, who do not use any of the roads
and carriageways, have to pay extra money. However, in the other
system, called direct method, the tolls are taken directly from the
drivers passing that road or street. The other three main reasons why
tolling, or road pricing, is implemented are the advances in the
technologies related to wireless communication has led to the
emergence of several engineering designs to aid the human
requirements.

Today on one side the importance for secured access is growing in

several fields and on the other side with technology advancements the
RFID cards and readers are becoming low cost. Both these aspects are
the primary reasons for rapidly growing RFID based authentication
system. Today, several wireless technologies are used for building
wireless networks. Among them the 2.4GHz wireless network is most
widely deployed and used. The wide usage of 2.4 GHz wireless

1
communication indicates that this infrastructure can give near real time
responses and makes suitable for crucial industrial systems. Global
system for mobile communication is that it is an international standard.
If you travel in parts of the world, GSM is the only type of cellular
service available.

Simple wireless control device to achieve the targets, or use the GSM
network technology to achieve. Nevertheless, the functions of these
devices are too simple to prevent the vehicle theft crimes from
happening, furthermore, their burglarproof methods are not only
character. There are millions of drivers passing through Toll Gate
Stations every day. The conventional or the traditional way of
collecting the toll from the vehicle owners or the drivers is to stop the
car by the Toll Gate Stations and then pay the amount to the toll
collector, standing (or perhaps sitting) by the side of the toll booth, after
which the gate is opened either mechanically or electronically for the
driver to get through the toll station. So in order to stop all these
problems and inconvenience, we introduce an automated or a more
convenient way of collecting the toll and traffic management. It’s
called Electronic Toll Gate Stations using RFID Technology.

2
1.1. What is Toll Station?

Two variations of toll roads exist, barrier (mainline) toll plazas and
entry/exit tolls. On a mainline toll system, all vehicles stop at various
locations along the highway to pay a toll. While this may save money
from the lack of need to construct tolls at every exit, it can cause lots
of traffic congestion, and drivers could evade tolls by going through
them as the exits do not have gates. With entry/exit tolls, vehicles
collect a ticket when entering the highway, which displays the fares it
will pay when it exits, increasing in cost for distance travelled. Upon
exit, the driver will pay the amount listed for the given exit. Should the
ticket indicate a traveling violation or be lost, the driver would typically
pay the maximum amount possible for traveling on that highway.
Modern toll roads often use a combination of the two, with various
entry and exit tolls supplemented by occasional mainline tolls.

3
2. COMPONENTS USED IN
THE PROJECT

 EM-18 RFID Reader

 RFID Tag
 NodeMCU
 Arduino Uno
 DC Motor
 DC Servomotor
 Buzzer
 LEDs
 Jumpers
 Power Supply (12V,5A)

4
3. MICROCONTROLLERS

3.1. EM 18 RFID READER

EM 18 RFID Reader module is one of the most commonly used module
in Radio Frequency Identification Projects. It features Low Cost, Small
Size, Low Power Consumption and Easy to use. It can be directly
interfaced with microcontrollers using UART communication.
Software UART can be used for microcontrollers having no UART
modules. In this tutorial we will see How to Interface EM-18 RFID
Reader Module with PIC 16F877A Microcontroller. By understanding
the basic idea, you will be able to interface it with any microcontrollers.

The EM-18 RFID Reader module generates and radiates RF Carrier

Signals of frequency 125 kHz through its coils. When a 125 kHz
Passive RFID Tag (have no battery) is brought in to this field, will get
energized from it. These RFID Tags are usually made using a CMOS
IC EM4102. It gets enough power and master clock for its operations
from the electromagnetic fields produced by RFID Reader. By
changing the modulation current through the coils, tag will send back
the information contained in the factory programmed memory array.

EM-18 RFID Reader Module can be directly interfaced with 5V PIC

Microcontrollers using UART module. For 3.3V devices you need to

5
add additional voltage divider resistors to reduce 5V to 3.3V. You may
also use Software UART if a dedicated UART module is not available.
When a RFID Tag is brought into the field of EM-18 RFID Reader, it
will read its tag number and give output via TX terminal. The BEEP
terminal will become LOW to indicate valid tag detection. The UART
output will be 12 ASCII data, among these first 10 will be tag number
and last 2 will be XOR result of the tag number which can be used for
error testing.

For example : If the RFID tag number is 500097892E, output of EM-

18 Reader will be 500097892E60 where 60 is 50 xor 00 xor 97 xor 89
xor 2E.

6
3.1.1. Working of EM-18 RFID module

The module radiates 125 kHz through its coils and when a 125 kHz
passive RFID tag is brought into this field it will get energized from
this field. These passive RFID tags mostly consist of CMOS IC
EM4102 which can get enough power for its working from the field
generated by the reader.

FIG. 1: WORKING OF RFID READER

7
By changing the modulation current through the coils, tag will send
back the information contained in the factory programmed memory
array.

FIG. 2: RFID TAG BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIG. 3: EM-18 RFID Reader Module – Bottom View

8
PIN NO NAME FUNCTION
1 VCC Input of 5V
2 GND Ground
3 BEEP BEEP and LED
4 ANT No Use
5 ANT No Use
6 SEL HIGH selects RS232, LOW selects WEIGAND
7 TX UART TX, When RS232 is Selected
8 D1 WIEGAND Data 1
9 D0 WIEGAND Data 0

FIG. 4: EM-18 READER MODULE

9
3.1.2. What are the advantages of using
RFID?

 RFID functions through both natural and man-made metallic

materials.
 RFID allows flexible tag placement and can be embedded into an
object. It reads changes or adds information to a tag at any user read
point.
 RFID stored information can be protected with a range of security
options.
 RFID tags can be rewritten repeatedly or used for permanent data
retention.
 RFID provides an extra level of information in some cases as RFID
tags can be programmed more than once.
 RFID tags can store a lot of information and follow instructions.

10
3.2. NODEMCU
The NodeMCU (Node Micro Controller Unit) is an open source
software and hardware development environment that is built around a
very inexpensive System-on-a-Chip (SoC) called the ESP8266. The
ESP8266, designed and manufactured by Espressif Systems, contains
all crucial elements of the modern computer: CPU, RAM, networking
(wifi), and even a modern operating system and SDK. When purchased
at bulk, the ESP8266 chip costs only $6 USD a piece. That makes it an
excellent choice for IoT projects of all kinds.

However, as a chip, the ESP8266 is also hard to access and use. You
have to solder wires, with the appropriate analog voltage, to its PINs
for the simplest tasks such as powering it on or sending a keystroke to
the "computer" on the chip. And, you have to program it in low-level
machine instructions that can be interpreted by the chip hardware.
While this level of integration is not a problem when the ESP8266 is
used as an embedded controller chip in mass-produced electronics, it is
a huge burden for hobbyists, hackers, or students who want to
experiment with it in their own IoT projects.

Borrowing a page from the successful playbooks of Arduino or a

Raspberry Pi, the NodeMCU project aims to simplify ESP8266
development. It has two key components as mentioned:-

 An open source ESP8266 firmware that is built on top of the chip

manufacturer's proprietary SDK. The firmware provides a simple

11
 programming environment based on eLua (embedded Lua), which
is a very simple and fast scripting language with an established
developer community. For new comers, the Lua scripting language
is easy to learn.
 A DEVKIT board that incorporates the ESP8266 chip on a standard
circuit board. The board has a built-in USB port that is already wired
up with the chip, a hardware reset button, Wi-Fi antenna, LED lights,
and standard-sized GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins that
can plug into a bread board.

FIG. 5: DEVKIT Board

The pin configuration is diagram is given in the next page.

12
 FIG. 6: NodeMCU Pin Diagram

To sum it up :-
Developer ESP8266 Opensource Community
Type Single-board microcontroller
Operating System XTOS
CPU ESP8266
Memory 128 Kb
Storage 4 MB

13
4. SOFTWARE USED

4.1. ARDUINO IDE

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics
projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit
board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software,
or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your
computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board. The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just
starting out with electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous
programmable circuit boards, the Arduino does not need a separate
piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load new code onto
the board you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino
IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to
program. Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks
out the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible
package.

14
 FIG. 7: ARDUINO UNO

This is an Arduino Uno. The Uno is one of the more popular boards in
the Arduino family and a great choice for beginners.

4.1.1. What are the advantages of

Arduino?

 Inexpensive
 Cross-platform
 Simple, clear programming environment
 Open source and extensible software

15
4.2. PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development
but also used as a general-purpose programming language. It was
originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994, the PHP reference
implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally
stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive
acronym PHP: Python Hypertext Preprocessor.

PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in

combination with various web template systems, web content
management systems, and web frameworks. PHP code is usually
processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web
server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web
server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code,
which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated
web page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line
interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone graphical
applications.

The standard PHP interpreter, powered by the Zend Engine, is free

software released under the PHP License. PHP has been widely ported
and can be deployed on most web servers on almost every operating
system and platform, free of charge.

The PHP language evolved without a written formal specification or

standard until 2014, leaving the canonical PHP interpreter as a de facto

16
standard. Since 2014 work has gone on to create a formal PHP
specification.

During the 2010s there have been increased efforts towards

standardization and code sharing in PHP applications by projects such
as PHP-FIG in the form of PSR-initiatives as well as Composer
dependency manager and the packagist repository. PHP hosts a diverse
array of web frameworks requiring framework-specific knowledge,
with Laravel recently emerging as a popular option by incorporating
ideas made popular from other competing non-PHP web frameworks,
like Ruby on Rails.

17
4.3. MICROSOFT SQL SERVER
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system
developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product
with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by
other software applications which may run either on the same computer
or on another computer across a network (including the Internet). SQL
is a special-purpose programming language designed for managing
data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for
stream processing in a relational data stream management system
(RDSMS). Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational
calculus, SQL consists of a data definition language, data manipulation
language, and a data control language. The scope of SQL includes data
insert, query, update and delete, schema creation and modification, and
data access control. Although SQL is often described as, and to a great
extent is, a declarative language (4GL), it also includes procedural
elements. SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Edgar F.
Codd's relational model, as described in his influential 1970 paper, "A
Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks." SQL became
a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in
1986, and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
in 1987. Since then, the standard has been revised to include a larger
set of features.

18
 5. HARDWARE USED

5.1. 10 RPM CENTRE SHAFT DC

MOTOR
10RPM Centre Shaft Economy Series DC Motor is high quality low
cost DC geared motor. It has steel gears and pinions to ensure longer
life and better wear and tear properties. The gears are fixed on hardened
steel spindles polished to a mirror finish. The output shaft rotates in a
plastic bushing. The whole assembly is covered with a plastic ring.
Gearbox is sealed and lubricated with lithium grease and require no
maintenance. The motor is screwed to the gear box from inside.

Although motor gives 10 RPM at 12V but motor runs smoothly from
4V to 12V and gives wide range of RPM, and torque.

For compatible wheels refer to Wheels and Accessories product

category. You can also mount this motor on the chassis using Motor
Mount for Centre Shaft Economy Series DC Motor for adding Position
Encoder, refer to Encoder Kit for Centre Shaft Economy Series DC
Motor. Here in this project we are using this motor for functioning of
the toll gate.

19
SPECIFICATIONS

DC Supply: 4V to 12V Shaft diameter: 6mm

RPM: 10 rpm at 12V Shaft length: 22mm
Motor Diameter: 36mm Motor weight: 100gms
Motor Length: 25mm Output Shaft: Centred
Total Length: 46mm

FIG. 8: DC MOTOR

20
5.2. DC SERVOMOTOR
A DC servo motor consists of a small DC motor, feedback
potentiometer, gearbox, motor drive electronic circuit and electronic
feedback control loop. It is more or less similar to the normal DC
motor. The stator of the motor consists of a cylindrical frame and the
magnet is attached to the inside of the frame.

FIG. 9: DC SERVOMOTOR

The rotor consists of brush and shaft. A commutator and a rotor metal
supporting frame are attached to the outside of the shaft and the
armature winding is coiled in the rotor metal supporting frame.

21
A brush is built with an armature coil that supplies the current to the
commutator. At the back of the shaft, a detector is built into the rotor
in order to detect the rotation speed.

With this construction, it is simple to design a controller using simple

circuitry because the torque is proportional to the amount of current
flow through the armature.

And also the instantaneous polarity of the control voltage decides the
direction of torque developed by the motor. Types of DC servo motors
include series motors, shunt control motor, split series motor, and
permanent magnet shunt motor.

5.2.1. Working Principle of DC Servo

Motor
A DC servo motor is an assembly of four major components, namely a
DC motor, a position sensing device, a gear assembly, and a control
circuit. The below figure shows the parts that consisting in RC servo
motors in which small DC motor is employed for driving the loads at
precise speed and position.

A DC reference voltage is set to the value corresponding to the desired

output. This voltage can be applied by using another potentiometer,

22
control pulse width to voltage converter, or through timers depending
on the control circuitry.

FIG. 10: INTERNAL DIAGRAM OF DC SERVOMOTOR

The dial on the potentiometer produces a corresponding voltage which

is then applied as one of the inputs to error amplifier.

In some circuits, a control pulse is used to produce DC reference

voltage corresponding to desired position or speed of the motor and it
is applied to a pulse width to voltage converter.

In this converter, the capacitor starts charging at a constant rate when

the pulse high. Then the charge on the capacitor is fed to the buffer
23
amplifier when the pulse is low and this charge is further applied to the
error amplifier.

So the length of the pulse decides the voltage applied at the error
amplifier as a desired voltage to produce the desired speed or position.

In digital control, microprocessor or microcontroller are used for

generating the PWM pluses in terms of duty cycles to produce more
accurate control signals.

FIG. 11: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DC SERVOMOTOR

The feedback signal corresponding to the present position of the load

is obtained by using a position sensor. This sensor is normally a
potentiometer that produces the voltage corresponding to the absolute

24
angle of the motor shaft through gear mechanism. Then the feedback
voltage value is applied at the input of error amplifier (comparator).

The error amplifier is a negative feedback amplifier and it reduces the

difference between its inputs. It compares the voltage related to current
position of the motor (obtained by potentiometer) with desired voltage
related to desired position of the motor (obtained by pulse width to
voltage converter), and produces the error either a positive or negative
voltage.

This error voltage is applied to the armature of the motor. If the error is
more, the more output is applied to the motor armature.

As long as error exists, the amplifier amplifies the error voltage and
correspondingly powers the armature. The motor rotates till the error
becomes zero. If the error is negative, the armature voltage reverses and
hence the armature rotates in the opposite direction.

25
5.3. BUZZER
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of
buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of
user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

Buzzer is an integrated structure of electronic transducers, DC power

supply, widely used in computers, printers, copiers, alarms, electronic
toys, automotive electronic equipment, telephones, timers and other
electronic products for sound devices. Active buzzer 5V Rated power
can be directly connected to a continuous sound, this section dedicated
sensor expansion module and the board in combination, can complete
a simple circuit design, to "plug and play."

SPECIFICATIONS
Voltage: 5 - 12V DC Resonant Frequency: 2500Hz
Maximum Current: Operating Temperature: 20 to 70 oC
30mA/12V DC

Decibel: > 85db/10cm

FIG. 12: BUZZER

26
5.4. LED LIGHTS
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source.
It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated. When a
suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine
with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of
photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of the
light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the
energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less
than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape
the radiation pattern.

Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest

LEDs emitted low-intensity infrared light. Infrared LEDs are still
frequently used as transmitting elements in remote-control circuits,
such as those in remote controls for a wide variety of consumer
electronics. The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and
limited to red. Modern LEDs are available across the visible,
ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

Early LEDs were often used as indicator lamps for electronic devices,
replacing small incandescent bulbs. They were soon packaged into
numeric readouts in the form of seven-segment displays and were
commonly seen in digital clocks. Recent developments have produced
LEDs suitable for environmental and task lighting. LEDs have led to
new displays and sensors, while their high switching rates are useful in

27
advanced communications technology. LEDs have many advantages
over incandescent light sources, including lower energy consumption,
longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster
switching. Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as
aviation lighting, automotive headlamps, advertising, general lighting,
traffic signals, camera flashes, lighted wallpaper and medical devices.
They are also significantly more energy efficient and, arguably, have
fewer environmental concerns linked to their disposal.

FIG. 13: LED LIGHT

28
5.5. JUMPER WIRES
A Jumper Wire is a short electrical wire with a solid tip at each end (or
sometimes without them, simply “tinned”), which is normally used to
interconnect the components in a breadboard. They are used to transfer
electrical signals from anywhere on the breadboard to the input/output
pins of a microcontroller. The “end connectors” are inserted into the
bread board, without soldering into the particular slots that need to be
connected in the specific prototype.

Different typed of jumper wires are

• Crocodile clips

• With insulated terminals:

I. Male-Male

II. Male–Female

III. Female-Female

FIG. 14: JUMPER WIRES

29
6. OPERATION

When the vehicle arrives at the smart toll gate, the RFID TAG attached
to it, is sensed by the sensor. The moment the tag comes within the
range of the magnetic field of the RFID reader, the current is induced
in it and it gets energized. Then, it sends the information stored in the
chip in form of the radio frequency signals through the antenna. When
the antenna of the reader receives the signal, it again converts it into
digital form thus making it suitable for displaying on the LCD screen
of operating person.

This project works like:

 A vehicle will approach the toll booth. The RFID reader at the
toll will read the RFID card embedded on the vehicle.

 Then it will pass the information stored in the card to the

Arduino.

 The Arduino will check the information and will check the card
is valid or not.

 If the card is valid, then a certain amount will be deduced from

the owner's wallet. Along with this a buzzer will buzz, the green
LED light will glow.

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  After this, a command will be sent to the motor to open the gate
and vehicle will pass through the gate. After that a mail will go
to the owner informing about the deduced amount from the
wallet.

 If the card is not valid, then the vehicle owner can pay the
amount manually at the toll gate to the gate operator using a limit
switch.

 If any vehicle goes through the gate without paying the payment
and break the toll gate another buzzer will buzz indicating
breakage of security.

6.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIG. 15: BLOCK DIAGRAM

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6.2. FLOW DIAGRAM

FIG. 16: FLOW DIAGRAM

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7. ADVANTAGES

 Fuel saving

Due to automation of toll plaza there will be large

reduction in rush at toll plaza which will cause indirectly the saving
of fuel.

 Reduced man power

The basic aim of our project is to reduce the man power

& to increase the accuracy of the system.

 Reduced time for completion of process

The present system we have in work today consumes

nearly 1 minute for each vehicle to complete the process of toll
payment. With our automated toll plaza we can able to reduce the
time consumption nearly up to 40-42 sec, which will be very
important in today’s era.

 Cash free operation

Due to smart card mechanism that we have used for the

payment. There will be no necessity of hand to hand cash transaction.
So causing reduction in money loss.

LIMITATION:

The electricity should be present 24*7 in toll plaza.

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8. CONCLUSION

Times are changing and even this Manual Technique for Taxation at
toll station has to change and seeing a change in mind set of every
individual this technology would also be taken whole heartedly. And
as described above about the merits of this Toll station we don’t think
that it is not that far enough when we would see this technology being
used in India and in terms benefiting the whole society as well as the
company whose is involved in Toll taxation. RFID is a powerful
technology, and it is likely to see world-wide deployment within the
coming years. Continuous technological advancements of RFID have
resulted in reduced cost of installation and maintenance of devices
across different market segments. Comparing advantages and
limitations of our system we can conclude that our system is beneficial
for daily travellers and Toll station authorities to lessen the burden. And
finally, while RFID may seem to be a fairly simple and innocuous
technology on the surface, a wide range of issues and choices need to
be explored and resolved for its successful, wide-scale deployment. We
are seeing great promise and signs that the RFID and future upcoming
sensor network technologies will help to change the way we think about
our manufacturing processes and the interactions with the people and
customers. On the concluding note we can say that we have
successfully implemented one of the phase of our project but still have
some improvements and advancements to be done.

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9. FUTURE SCOPE

As of in future we are planning of making this system more accurate.

Also we will be looking to send user a SMS about his transaction
details. Apart from these all the major modification that we are
planning is to directly link the users’ toll account with his Android App
wallet (Toll wallet). Hence the toll tax will be directly deduced from
the user’s wallet instead manually. Security system can be enhanced by
using a camera, with the Microprocessor. Whenever the process will be
interrupted the call will be sent to the control room and the nearest
police station.

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10. REFERENCES

WEBSITES:-
 www.scrib.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.ieeexplorer.com
 https://github.com
 www.electronicshub.org

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