PHILIPPINE HISTORY

HANDOUTS
PRELIMINARY SCOPE ENERGY RESOURCES
o Natural Gas: Malampaya
CHAPTER I: THE PHILIPPINES: Its Land and People o Coal
o Geothermal
LOCATION AND CLIMATE
# of islands and islets THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF PH
Southeast Asia: the strategic location which make it Land Bridge Theory
as a place for trade and commerce Volcanic Eruption Theory
Divide et impera (divide and rule policy) The Remnant of the Lost Continent Theory
-made to fight each other (during Spanish time)
Seasons: wet and dry (rainy and sunny) THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE
(summer can only be used in areas with four seasons) FILIPINO PEOPLE
Climate: tropical Wave Migration Theory by Otley Beyer
-typhoon belt of the Pacific  Australoid- Sakay: (food foragers)
-Pacific ring of fire (earthquake belt) : from Land Bridge Theory
 Indonesian A: using boats (taller) (6,000- 5,000 BC)
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS  Indonesian B: more advanced (shorter) (2,500 BC)
NCR: National Capital Region : both A and B came from S. China and Indo China
13 Administrative Regions:  Malays: boat (balangay)
Region I: Ilocos Region : glass, iron, and pottery making
Region II: Cagayan Valley : has own government system
Region III: Central Luzon Landa Jocano’s Theory
Region IV-A: CALABARZON  Formative Period : first hominids in Tabon Cave of
Region IV-B: MIMAROPA Palawan
Region V: Bicol Region : grinding and polishing stones
Region VI: Western Visayas : pottery and horticulture
Region VII: Central Visayas  Incipient Period: cultural development
Region VIII: Eastern Visayas : metal artifacts
Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula : earthenware pottery
Region X: Northern Mindanao : long distance trade of jade and glass
Region XI: Davao Region  Emergent Period: Indian influence
Region XII: SOCCSARGEN : social organization in politics,
Region XIII: CARAGA economics, and religion
Wilhelm Solhelm’s Theory
Two Autonomous Regions: -revision of Jocano’s Theory
CAR: Cordillera Administrative Region  Archaic Period: arrival of man (5,000 BC)
ARMM: Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao  Incipient Period: Nasuntao (maritime people)
: from Mindano to Indonesia to
PHYSICAL FEATURES North to Taiwan to South China (1,000 BC)
Rio de Grande de Cagayan: longest river in PH  Formative Period: (1,000 BC - 500 AD)
Rio de Grande de Pampanga: 2nd  Established Filipino Period: mostly traders
Agno Grande: 3rd (can be found in Cordillera) : (500 AD- 1521)
Laguna de Bay: largest lake (PH), 2nd (S.E. Asia)
Lake Lanao: 2nd in PH THE FILIPINO PEOPLE
Lake Taal: 3rd in PH Christianize Populace: living in lowland and coastal
Central Plain of Luzon: Largest plain in PH areas
Cagayan Valley: Rice Granary of PH Muslim Filipinos: Sulu archipelago
: largest tobacco producing region in PH/ Asia Indigenous People: cultural communities residing
the highlands of PH

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 PHILIPPINE HISTORY
HANDOUTS
Chinese Filipinos: others converted to Christianism
CHAPTER II: EARLY FILIPINOS AND THEIR CULTURE
EVOLUTION OF FILIPINO CULTURE
 Paleolithic Era: Old Stone Age (Tabon Man)
: (300,000 BC)
 Neolithic Era: New or Polished Stone Age
: practice pottery (Manunggul Jar) (6,000 BC)
 Age of Metals: copper, bronze, iron, tin, and gold
: (3,000 – 500 BC)
 Age of Contact and Trade: Arabs and Chinese
: (11th century)
EARLY SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
-Asiatic form of Feudalism
Datu/ Rajah: as chieftain, head of barangay
: hereditary or strength and wisdom
Social Classes in Barangay
Maharlika: nobles, members of Datu’s household,
council of elders, advisers, wealthy people
Timawa: freemen, helping the Maharlikas
Alipin:
o Namamahay- can own properties, etc.
o Saguiguilid- can’t own anything and can be sold
LAW MAKING AND JUDICIAL SYSTEM
 The River Ordeal
 Boiling Water Ordeal
 Candle Ordeal
 Chewing of Uncooked Rice Ordeal
CHAPTER III: REDISCOVERY AND COLONIZATION OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Ferdinand Magellan: Portuguese soldier
: first man encircled the globe
3/6/1521: sighted Samar
3/22/1521: landed and set foot in Homonhon, Leyte
3/28/1521: landed in Limawasa, Leyte
3/29/1521: blood compact between Magellan &
Rajah Colambu
3/31/ 1521: first mass in Limasawa
4/14/1521: cross was planted and Fr. De Valderama
baptized the residents including the Rajah Humabon
(Don Carlos) and his wife (Doña Juana)
Lapu- Lapu: first freedom fighter and first Asian to
fight a foreign invader
4/27/1521 (3:00AM) : battle between Lapu- Lapu
and Magellan
3/16/1565: Legaspi- Rajah Sikatuna blood compact
Cebu City: oldest Spanish City in PH
1st semester, A.Y. 2018- 2019
MOTIVES OF SPANISH COLONIALIZATION
Gold: control of economic wealth
Gospel: spread of Christianity
Glory: political grandeur. Spanish Empire
CHAPTER IV: INTEGRATION INTO SPANISH EMPIRE
-Filipinos was forced to live near the church
THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Governor- General: head of the Spanish gov’t in PH
: Vice Royal Patron
: Ex- officio president in Audencia Real
Audencia Real: supreme court
Actos Acordados: laws enacted by the Gov. Gen.
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Alcalde mayor: head of province.
:Provincial governor
Gobernadorcillo: town mayor. tax collector
Cabeza de barangay: head of barrios / barangay
SUPREMACY OF THE FRIARS
Friars: supervising representative of Spanish gov’t
for local affairs
: inspector of all (schools, gov’t, health, prison, etc.)
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS IMPOSED BY
SPAIN
Encomienda System: parcel of land given to loyal
Spaniards that help in the colonization
Taxation: 8 > 10 (1602)> 12 reales (1851)
: Cedula- income tax and personal identification
Polo Y Servicio: forced labor
: 16- 60 years old render service for 40 days/ year
Galleon Trade: Manila- Acapulco Trade
: intensifies Polo Y Servicio
CHALLENGES IN SPANISH IMPOSITION OF
SOVEREIGNITY
1574: Limahong, Dutch, Portuguese, and Muslim
invasion
1761: seven years war between British and Spanish
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
o Development of Agriculture: Camarines land area
: cotton, silk, cinnamon, and mulberries
: Gov. Gen. Jose Basco Y Vargas
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 PHILIPPINE HISTORY
HANDOUTS
o Organization of the Economic Society of Friends of
the Country: (1781) Sociedad Economica de
Amigos del Pais
: people knowledgeable in agriculture,
manufacturing, rural dev’t, education, and domesic
foreign trade
o Tobacco Monopoly: Royal Decree 1780
: est. Charles III. recom. Gov. Gen. Basco
: set a quota on the quantity to be planted
and harvested.
: farmers will sell it only to the gov’t then it
was sold to public at gov’t dictated prices.
o The Royal Company of the Philippines: Real
Compania de Filipinas (1785)
: 4% of the profit in the colony will
be allocated in agriculture
: abolished in 1834
THE OPENING OF MANILA TO FOREIGN
TRADE
: laissez faire by Adam Smith
: 1789
: Gov. Gen. Felix Berengeier de Marquina
: mid-19th century
: there were many trading companies in PH
: English, American, German, French, and Swiss
: International Telegraph Communication System
(1888) undersea cable from Zambales to British
Colony in Hong Kong
: first domestic telegraph and telephone line opened
: (1890)
: Filipinos who were educated abroad were able to
absorb intellectual dev’t in Europe
TRANSFORMATIONS
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION
 Conversion of the Filipinos to Catholism
 Beginnings of a Feudalistic Society
o Peninsulares: Spaniards born in Spain
o Insulares: Spaniards born in PH
o Meztizos: combination of Chinese and Spanish
o Principalia: native elite and wealthy families
o Indios: the masses
 Hispanization of Filipino Surnames
: Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria
: Gubernatorial Decree 1894
 Metamorphosis of Bahay Kubo into Bahay na Bato
: Azotea (wide balcony in front of the house)
 Indigenization of Spanish and Chinese Cuisine:
1st semester, A.Y. 2018- 2019
: Adobo, Menudo, Mechado, and Puchero
: Pancit Malabon and Pancit Luglog
 Change in the Filipino Mode of Dressing
: western coat, trousers- Americana
: saya, camisa, manton de Manila, and handkerchiefs
 Introduction of Spanish Language
: silla, mesa, maestro, sibuyas, pader, padre, iskwela
 Celebration of Religious Feasts Honoring Patron
Saints: fiestas
CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION
 Introduction of the Latin Alphabet
: mid 18th century
 Introduction of Art of Printing
-Doctrina Christiana en La Lengua Espanola y
Tagala (1593) : Dominicans 1st book
-Arte y Reglas de La Lengua Tagala (1610)
: grammar book
 Appearance of Theocratic Literature: novenas, prayer
books, biographies of Catholic saints, chanting
passion (Lenten season), awit (heroic poems), and
corridos (religious legendary poems)
Persistence of Folk and Colonial Art: bamboo arch
décor, moriones, palaspas, pastillas wrappers
 Introduction of Hispanic Music and Western Musical
Instruments: fandango, jota
EDUCATIONAL TRANSFORMATION
Parochial Schools
: 19th century
: teaching fear of God and obedience to the friars
: vernacular language
Tertiary: UST: University of Santo Tomas
courses offered: medicine, pharmacy, theology,
philosophy, civil law. (est. Dominicans)
Secondary: Colegio de Santo Tomas
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Ateneo Municipal
Sta. Isabel
Ladies: La Concordia
Sta. Catalina
Sta. Rosa
Medium of Instruction: Spanish
Weaknesses:
: over-emphasis on religion
: limited and irrelevant curriculum
: obsolete classroom facilities
: inadequate instructional materials
: absence of academic freedom
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