 Laws of seas

 Projection of power
 Diplomatic relations
 Exploitation of resources
 Issue raised in 1967
 Ocean as a contributing factor
 First conference of laws of seas 1958
 Main ideas- territorial seas be given to countries
 Convention on the continental shifts
 Territorial seas
 UN conference on laws of seas last held at montago bay in 1982
 Comprehensive laws of the ocean
 International sea fed authority
 International tribunal for laws
 17 parts , 09 annexures
 FIRST TERRITORIAL LAW-12 nautical miles
 Certain sea lines of communication
 Innocent test akin to the interception by any ship
 Contiguation 12 + 12 nautical miles
 Illegal activities to be checked in contiguation zone
 Archilpelagic laws
 Territorial water ratio 1:9 archipelago
 EEZ -rights of exploration and exploitation 200 nautical miles from coastline
 India- maritaime strength
 Any country spent 30 m dollars since 1983 given pioneer status and , india given in 1987
 Antarctic treaty- no exploitation of resources and no claim of territory
 Himadri india’ s stn in arctic
 Consortium – us uk italy germany netherland belgium to explore beyond EEZ
 Indian maritime act passed in parliament 1976 principle of median lines
 1977 india acquired claim

Treaty of noc
 Muscat , diego garcia, bahrain, kuwait, iraq,thailand
 France overseas bases- djibouti

 Caatsa countering americas adversaries as sanctions


Conflict resolution
 Confict emerges occupyng same space maintain incompatible model
 Conflicts are always in which both actors and group of actors at onetime or another
 In cold war period Interstate conflict and the conflict will sooner or later
 Negotiation
 Gandhian and non gandhian studiesn
4/07/10

What are track 1 , track 2 and track 3 solutions.

27/8/2018

 Conflict resolution and peace building

 Basic human trait
 Five perimeters
 Complexion
 Objectives
 Time frame
 Socially
 Do not terminate until and unless total annihilation, destruction and total loss

 Dispute = conflict generated over a period of time

 Conflict resolution : dates back to earlier part of 20th century-started from the church
 MORGAN THAW- formalised the process of conflict resolution certainly inviting individuals
and institutions apart from the warring factions
 Conflict management
 Conflict transformation
 Peace building: peace keeping and peace building and peace enforcement
 Conflict resolution defines the removal of issues on which the conflict is based
 Track mechanism of conflict resolution
 Peace building is also used for peace management.
 Peace building consists of all the measures involving stable social equilibrium in which the
surfacing of new disputes does not escalate into violence and war
 State of conflict restriction ?
 Differentiate between peace making, peace keeping and peace building
 Peace building tasks

Sea laws
 Breadth of the territorial sea
 12 nautical miles
 Normal baseline
 Baseline has to be straight.
 Contiguous zone
 Right of innocent passage
 Nationality of ships

Un peacekeeping

Peacekeeping concepts and terms

Case studies
Peacekeeping challenges

 Role of un in maintaing peace

 Chapter 6 and chapter 7
