The Special Mission Aircraft Experts

ILS Flight Inspection

Software
Asbjorn Madsen

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 Contents: ILS Calibration

• Definitions

• Workflow

• Add ILS Procedures

• Flight List

• Alpha Tables

• Graphics
• Reports
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 Definitions
Procedure/Profile:
• One measurement procedure e.g.:
– Approach (ILS)
– Level Run (ILS)
– Arc (ILS)
– Radial (En-route)
– Orbit (En-route)
– SIAP,SID, STAR (Procedure)
Inspection:
• Set of measurement procedures for inspection of one ILS or one
En-route station e.g.:
» LLZ CW Arc
Inspection » GP CW Level Run
» LLZ+GP AS Approach
» …
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 Performing Flight Inspections
A flight inspection task can be divided into the following phases:
• Basic Preparations (Regulations, Aircraft, Flight Inspector)

• Complete Preparations – Facility Selection

– The Flight List
• Execute the Procedure
MONI, START, STOP, ABORT
and Postprocessing

• Review Result Pages/ Reports

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 Inspection Workflow

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 Performing Calibration Runs
A calibration procedure is divided into five phases:
• Preparation
• Activating
• (Optional) Monitoring
• Actual Measurement
• (Optional) Postprocessing

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 Control and Status Screen
Menu Bar

Main
Status Window

Button Bar
Flight List

Frequency Display

ADI HSI Moving Map

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 QNH Input
The input window is
configured according to
customer’s preference

Input of QNH in [hPa]

Hecto Pascal.

QNH is transmitted
either on the ATIS or
through ATC. Pilots use
the QNH to make the
Barometric Altimeter
read airport altitude
when on ground.

‘OK’ applies the

QNH to the position
solution for altitude
correction

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 Facility Database Practice - Overview

LLZ Thr 08 GP Thr 26

DGPS: PAPI
ADDach
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 Select Facility Database
In the Menu Bar select Config => Organize Facility Database;
Import current facility database and press ‘Select’, then close dialog window:

Select facility
database you
want to use for
the flight check

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 Add Procedure

Airport Selection:
- Enter 4-letter ICAO Code of airport to
be inspected

- Optionally the runway to be inspected

can be added
(can also be defined in procedure
definition dialog, but this is faster)

Alternatively:
- Select airport from Facility Database
using the Facility Database Browser
(‘Facility’ Button)

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 New Inspection
Press ADD in Flight List Window or use Function Key:

Add If no Inspection is open the „New Inspection“ dialog

opens automatically
Assign a (unique) name to
the inspection that can
easily be identified

Select
„Periodic“

Note:
If an Inspection with the given name exists the „OK“ button is not available
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 Procedure Definition

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 Define DGPS Location

Filter to find DGPS location in

Facility Database: ‘5 NM’ displays
a list of all DGPS locations within
5 NM from the runway threshold

Select a DGPS location from

the list of available DGPS
locations. In this example:
“ADDach”

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 Select type of ILS Profile  LLZ Measurement Procedure

LLZ Measurement
Program

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 Select type of ILS Profile  GP Measurement Procedure

A Default Flight Profile is set

NavAid Transmitters

Marker and NDB GP Measurement

measurement enabled Program
by default

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 Compatibility of Flight Profiles
associated with Measurement Programs

If programs cannot be combined (e.g. Orbit and

Levelrun), the last one wins
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The Flight Inspection Task List (Flight List)

Run highlighted (blue) Active Run (yellow)

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 Flight List Control Buttons
- ADD: Add one measurement procedure
- EDIT: Edit measurement procedure
(change, TX assignment, change measurement
programs change flight profile associated with
procedure)
- MOVE: Move one highlighted procedure up or down in the
Flight List (Press ‘Move’, Up- or Down-Arrow to
move procedure one step)
- DUPLICATE: Duplicate highlighted procedure =>
New procedure inserted at bottom of Flight List
- REMOVE: Remove highlighted procedure
- MONI: Opens default graphics according to pref’s
- START, STOP, ABORT: Run Control
- PRINT: Print Flight List (=> Run Sheet, give to pilots)
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 Note Editor
Operator
Event Mark

Note related to
Event Mark

Add/Edit Note
template

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 Flight List Receivers are tuned according to the
(cont.) topmost procedure (active procedure)

Yellow
Procedure
is active

Flight List
with ILS
Procedures

Press ‘Moni’ to view graphics and reset data in

graphics
(opens default graphics according to preferences)
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 Graphic Preview – Run not started yet

Data is plotted into graphic

When at start-point of run  press START

(Function key, Menu Bar ‘Inspection’ or Flight List Control Button)
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 Flight List (cont.)

Green:
Procedure
is
measuring

Use Note Editor to record

text notes with the procedure

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 Graphic Display Curves
Headline

Event Line

Analysis Options 24
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 Graphic Headline
Name of Graphic

Ident and Name of Facility

Flight Profiles and Measurements
A/C, Operator, Regulations

Online/Replay/Postproc
Reference Position
Inspection Name
Run Number (same as in Done List)
Start Date and Time
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 View Graphics

Graphic Control Buttons –

use as required

When measurement run is complete press STOP

(Function key, Menu Bar ‘Inspection’ or Flight List Control Button)

Preferred graphics are:

- Printed automatically
- Stored on recording media as hardcopy (Drive M:)
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 Result Preview Window

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 Report Selection Window

Opens Report
dialog

Double-click
LLZ Report

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 Reports / Result Pages

Result pages show final results

• For the ILS task, 3 different result pages exist: LLZ, GP and Marker

• Three types of result pages exist:

- Periodic
- Periodic with Monitor
- Commissioning
The Commissioning page is the most comprehensive one.
• Correct result pages are selected automatically by the software.

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 View Report
Current

Clearance
is out of
tolerance

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 Completed procedures are
moved from the Prepared List
Done List to the Done List

Done List
Prepared List

The next procedure moves to the top

position, becomes active and can be started
next. 31
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 Done List (cont.)

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 Continue with next Procedure ...

... Until all procedures are done.

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 ADD a user defined procedure

Postprocessing on
STOP is
automatically
activated
(depending on
measurement
program)

Select
Measurement
Program for LLZ

Note: Selection of measurement program also with keyboard Up / Down keys or

by typing first two letters of measurement program! 34
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 ADD a user defined procedure (cont.)

Select
Measurement
Program for GP

Other facilities
in the facility
database that can
be checked in
parallel are
selected to be Press „ADD...“ to edit
measured profile parameters
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 Facility Report

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 ILS Profile Configuration
Approach Level Run Orbit
from Procedure
Definition Dialog:

Add...

Add

Apply standard
configuration
„OK“ creates the new entry
Features: in the flight list
• Profile configuration
Needed for:
• Graphic Scaling
• Flight Guidance
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 ILS Flight Profiles 1/3
No Flight Profile Parameters Protection req.

1 LLZ Partial Orbit at 6 NM from LLZ, +/- 40° Full protection

(Clearance Arc) at 1500 ft, cw or ccw betw. 10° of C/L on
either side
2 GP Level Run at 1000 ft (or 1500ft, if Nothing betw. AC
(Centre Line Slice) terrain dictates), from 12 and GP aerial from
NM to GP aerial 4 NM
3 GP Level Slices at 1500 ft, from 12 NM to No
8 NM, 8° left and right of
C/L
4 LLZ 17 NM or 10 at 17 NM or 10 NM from Full protection
NM Partial Orbit LLZ, +/- 40° betw. 10° of C/L on
(Coverage Arc) at 2000 ft, cw or ccw either side
5 LLZ 25 NM or 18 at 25 NM or 18 NM from No
NM Partial Orbit LLZ, +/- 10°
(Coverage Arc) at 2000 ft, cw or ccw
6 GP 10 NM at 10 NM from GP, Nothing betw. AC
Partial Orbit +/- 10° and GP aerial
(Coverage Arc) at 1500 ft, cw or ccw
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 ILS Flight Profiles 2/3

No Flight Profile Parameters Protection req.

7 Top Approach from 7 NM,1800 ft to point Nothing betw. AC
B, on C/L; 75µA or 150µA and GP aerial from
above the G/S 4 NM
8 Bottom Approach from 7 NM, 1500 ft to Nothing betw. AC
point B, on C/L; 75µA or and GP aerial from
150µA below the G/S 4 NM
9 Left Approach from 7 NM, 2000 ft to Nothing betw. AC
point B, on G/S; 75µA or and LLZ aerial from
150µA left of C/L 4 NM
10 Right Approach from 7 NM, 2000 ft to Nothing betw. AC
point B, on G/S; 75µA or and LLZ aerial from
150µA right of C/L 4 NM
11 Fly Down from 10 NM, 3000 ft to Full ILS critical area
THR, followed by a low protection required
RWY overflight at 50 ft when AC 5 NM on
final

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 ILS Flight Profiles 3/3

No Flight Profile Parameters Protection req.

12 Rollout Guidance AC taxis down the Rwy Full ILS critical area
from start end to stop end protection

13 LLZ Alignment AC stopped at runway Full ILS critical area

Checks THR, facing the LLZ protection
(‚Line Up‘)

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 LLZ Measurement Programs
Measurement Program Flight Profile
Alignment & Structure 11, 12
Alignment Monitor 90 Hz / 150 Hz 13
Clearance & Width 1
Monitor Broad (Orbit) 1
Monitor Narrow (Orbit) 1
Displacement Sensitivity 90Hz, 75µA 9
Displacement Sensitivity 150Hz, 75µA 10
Displacement Sensitivity 90Hz, 150µA 9
Displacement Sensitivity 150Hz, 150µA 10
Inner Coverage 4
Outer Coverage 5

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 GP Measurement Programs
Measurement Program Flight Profile
Alignment & Structure 11
Alignment Monitor 150 Hz 11
Clearance & Width (Level Run) 2
Monitor Broad (Level Run) 2
Monitor Narrow (Level Run) 2
Displacement Sensitivity 90Hz, 75µA 7
Displacement Sensitivity 150Hz, 75µA 8
GP Coverage 6
GP Engineering (Level Run, -8°/8°) 3

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 Define Default Profiles

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 Add default Profiles 2.) Select
Profile Set

1.) Select
default
profiles

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 WGS84 GPS Coordinate System

True North

(LatAC, LonAC, AltAC)

.



(LatThr, LonThr, AltThr)

Extended Runway Center Line (ERCL)

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 Threshold Coordinate System (TCS)
z

z1

runw
ay

y1 y

hold
thres

x1 x

 Local right-hand Cartesian system; origin is the threshold.

X-axis is parallel to the Extended Runway Center Line (ERCL) pointing into
the approach direction

Y-axis is perpendicular to the x-axis

Z-axis is pointing upwards to complete right-handed orthogonal system

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 Transformation from WGS84 System
to
Local System (TCS)

Single GPS: (LatAC, LonAC, AltAC) Differential GPS:

A/C position A/C position

not corrected corrected
through DGPS through DGPS
ground station T[(LatThr, LonThr, AltThr), ERCL] ground station

xF, yF, zF

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 Position Determination in ILS Inspections

The ILS reference coordinate system is the local

Threshold Coordinate System (TCS).

The origin of the TCS is the landing threshold; it is oriented in

parallel to the true heading of the runway; x and y axes of the
TCS form a tangent plane in the landing threshold.

Database entries of LLZ, GP, Marker, Airport-DME and local

position reference are in TCS xyz.

The accuracy of ILS results depends on the accuracy of the

positioning solution (indicated by the Estimated Position Error
EPE) and on the accuracy of the ground facility coordinates.

All position reference data is lever-arm corrected for the

corresponding active antenna.
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 Checking the GPS Reference System

Make sure that on-board GPS receiver is functioning and that data
from DGPS reference station is received. Check in ‘GPS Info’ page
for green ‘User’ and ‘Ref’ Rawdata Input.

Check ‘GPS Info’ => ‘Reference Station’ for dNorth, dEast, dUp
values. Numbers must be small, within GPS accuracy (< 30 m).
Large numbers mean that selected DGPS Location and current
setup point of GPS antenna do not correspond.

Check ‘GPS Phase’ page, if ‘Ambiguities’ have been solved.

Validation time !

Check ‘EPE’ (Estimated Position Error) figure for current positioning

accuracy.

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 ILS Alphanumeric Displays

Procedure: LLZ Center

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 ILS Alphanumeric Displays (Cont.)

Procedure: LLZ Orbit

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 ILS Alphanumeric Displays (Cont.)

Procedure: LLZ Offset

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 ILS Alphanumeric Displays (Cont.)

Procedure: GP On Path

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 ILS Alphanumeric Displays (Cont.)

Procedure: GP Level Run

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 ILS Alphanumeric Displays (Cont.)

Procedure: GP Offset

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 ILS Graphic Display Curves

Localizer Clearance
& Width

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

Glidepath Clearance &

Width

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

Use this graphic, if you want to

measure LLZ width manually.

Localizer Crossflight

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

Glidepath Crossflight

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

LLZ Offset DS 90Hz / 75µA

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

GP Offset DS 150Hz / 75µA

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

Localizer Alignment
& Structure

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

Glide Path Alignment

& Structure

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

ILS Overview

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

ILS-DME Radial

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 ILS Graphic DisplayCurves (cont.)

Aircraft must be on centerline during the approach

Aircraft must be on glide

path during the approach ILS Flyability

Radar Altitude to check terrain profile

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 Frequency Display
Frequency Station ID
display/control (if unique)

Manual tuning

• Shows tuned frequency,

channel and ID

• Receivers are tuned Channel

automatically from
Facility Database

• Receivers can be tuned

manually entering the
frequency, the channel or
the facility ident
(overwrite)
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 Receiver Control Window
Receiver Tuned Selected
Type Frequency Antenna

• Receiver Type
• Tuned frequency
and Ident
• Receiver Mode or
Channel
• Selected Antenna

Enable
Receiver for
measurement

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 Recording Format
Inspection Recording Folder (E: and M):
All Inspections on
recording media

Inspection of „DTTJ“
from 2005_06_13

Procedures of this
inspection

Calibration Data

Inspection Recording
(Open  Close inspection)
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 Recording Format
Procedure Recording Folder (E: and M):

Facility data

Reports for inspected

facilities:
Online and
Postprocessed

CSV Files
(Report Data)

Procedure Recording
(START  STOP of Procedure

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 Recording Format
Example:
Localizer Report
HTM Format

Viewed in Internet Explorer

Current Results for GND Tx #1

Previous Results for GND Tx #1

DDM/uA Switch

Out of Tolerance Values

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 Recording Format
Flight Protocols (E: and M):

Flight Protocols

Flight Protocol
(Startup  Shutdown of System)

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 Flight Protocol

Protocols:
• Software Version
• Equipment Data
used
• List of performed
Flights and Actions

List of
performed
Flights

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 Build In Test (BIT)

• Status of system
components
• Status of receivers
• Self-Test of receivers
(Test Mode)

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 Exercise: ILS Inspection of EDVE 26

• Regulations: ICAO
• Schedule: Periodic Inspection
• Airport: EDVE
• Runway: 26
• ILS: Localizer and Glidepath
• ILS Category: I
• Marker: OM, MM
• PDGPS Ground Reference: Set up at: „ADDach“

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 EDVE Facility
Report Page 1

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 EDVE
Facility
Report
Page 2

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EDVE
Facility
Report
Page 3

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 Facility Editor

 Example: GP Data
• “GP Post Categorization” will calculate GPz (GP phase center altitude) between
ILS point A and B
• Best practice: approach with primary navigation to ensure to fly close to 0µA
• Calculated GPz will be found in GP report

Correct database after first flight!

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 Aerodata AG

We keep you on the best path!

Thank You!
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