Lampiran Perhitungan
Lampiran Perhitungan
Lampiran Perhitungan
Preparasi batubara
digrinder
karakerisasi XRD,
Pencairan batubara
SEM, Bomb
Calorimeter
Hasil Hasil
Karakterisasi GC-MS
Hasil
Lampiran 2. diagram prosedur kerja
Preparasi sampel
Batubara
digrinder
Hasil
Analisa proksimat
Batubara 60 mesh
Hasil
Hasil
di tekan tombol start.
Karakterisasi mengunakan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)
gantungan yang sudah dipasang kawat (fuse wire) setelah itu
Batubara 100 mesh ±2 g
dimasukan kedalam Bomb Calorimeter
Hasil
di tekan tombol start.
Pencairan batubara
gantungan yang sudah dipasang kawat (fuse wire) setelah itu
Batubara 125 mesh 200 gr dan 300 gr H2SO4, 3% katalis
dimasukan kedalam Bomb Calorimeter
Hasil
Karakterisasi mengunakan GC-MS (Gas Cromatografy Mass Spektroscopy)
Minyak batubara 1µL
Hasil
Lampiran 3. Analisa 4. IM (%) = [1,004−0,889 ] × 100
1,004
data(perhitungan)
= [0,115
1,004
] × 100
AnalisisProksimat
Kadar Air (Inherent Moisture) = 11,45 %
IM (%) =[ 𝐴−𝐵
𝐴
] × 100 5. IM (%) = [1,009−0,865 ] × 100
1,009
Dimana :
A = beratsampel yang digunakan = [0,144
1,009
] × 100
B= beratsampelsetelahpemanasan
= 14,27 %
1. IM (%) = [ 1,007−0,894
1,007
] × 100
6. IM (%) = [1,003−0,866
1,003
] × 100
=[ 0,113
1,007
] × 100
= [0,137 ] × 100
= 11,22 % 1,003
= 13,57 %
2. IM (%) = [1,005−0,897
1,005
] × 100
7. IM (%) = [1,001−0,895
1,001
] × 100
=[ 0,108
] × 100
1,005
= [0,106] × 100
= 10,75 % 1,001
= 10,58 %
3. IM (%) = [1,006−0,901
1,006
] × 100
8. IM (%) = [1,001−0,873
1,001
] × 100
=[ 0,105
1,006
] × 100
= [0,128] × 100
= 10,44 % 1,001
= 12,79 %
Kadar Abu (Ash) 4. Ash (%) = [25,915−25,872] × 100
1,006
Ash(%) =[𝐴−𝐵
𝐶
] × 100
= [0,043
1,006
] × 100
Dimana :
= 4,27 %
A = berat cawan + tutup + residu
5. Ash (%) = [26,209−26,138] × 100
B= berat cawan + tutupkosong 1,008
= [0,056] × 100
1,003
6. Ash (%) = [29,670−29,618
1,000
] × 100
= 5,58 %
= [0,052
1,000
] × 100
2. Ash (%) = [ 19,939−29,862
1,004
] × 100
= 5,2 %
= [0,077] × 100
1,004
7. Ash (%) = [27,946−27,897
1,000
] × 100
= 7,67 %
= [0,049
1,000
] × 100
3. Ash (%) = [ 29,336−29,304
1,006
] × 100
= 4,90 %
= [0,052] × 100
1,006
8. Ash (%) = [28,267−28,206
1,005
] × 100
= 5,17 %
= [0,061
1,005
] × 100
= 6,07 %
Kadar Zat Terbang (Vollatile = [0,426 ] × 100 = 42,60 %
1,000
Matter)
Lost (%) =[𝐴−𝐵
𝐶
] × 100 1. VM = 44,24 – 11,22 = 33,03 %
Dimana : 2. VM = 44,10 – 10,75 = 30,35 %
A = berat cawan + tutup + residu 3. VM = 43,61 – 10,44 = 33,17 %
B= bera tcawan + tutup kosong 4. VM = 42,06 – 11,45 = 30,61 %
C= berat sampel yang digunakan 5. VM = 42,59 – 14,27 = 28,32 %
6. VM = 42,17 – 13,57 = 42,17 %
1. Lost (%) = [1,008−0,562
1,008
] × 100 7. VM = 44,01 – 10,58 = 33,43 %
8. VM = 42,60 – 12,79 = 29,81 %
= [0,446
1,008
] × 100
= 44,24 % KarbonPadat
2. Lost (%) = [ 1,000−0,589
] × 100
1,000
1. FC = 100 – (11,22 + 33,03 +
=[ 0,411
] × 100 5,58)
1,000
= 100 – 49,83
= 41,10 % = 50,17 %
2. FC = 100 – (10,75 + 30,35 +
3. Lost (%) = [1,009−0,569 ] × 100
1,009 7,67)
= [1,009
0,44
] × 100 = 100 – 48,77
= 51,23 %
= 43,61 % 3. FC = 100 – (10,44 + 33,17 +
5,17)
4. Lost (%) = [1,008−0,584
1,008
] × 100 = 100 – 48,78
= 51,22 %
= [0,424
1,008
] × 100 4. FC = 100 – (11,45 + 30,61 +
4,27)
= 42,06 %
= 100 – 46,33
5. Lost (%) = [1,005−0,577 ] × 100 = 53,67 %
1,005
5. FC = 100 – (14,27 + 28,32 +
= [0,428
1,005
] × 100 7,04)
= 100 – 49,63
= 42,59 %
= 50,37
6. FC = 100 – (13,57 + 28,60 + 5,2)
6. Lost (%) = [1,003−0,580
1,003
] × 100 = 100 – 47,37
= 53,63 %
= [0,423 ] × 100
1,003
7. FC = 100 – (10,58 + 33,43 +
= 42,17 % 4,90)
= 100 – 48,91
7. Lost (%) = [1,002−0,561
1,002
] × 100 = 51,09 %
8. FC = 100 – (12,79 + 29,81 +
= [0,441 ] × 100
1,002 6,07)
= 44,01 % = 100 – 48,67
= 51,33 %
8. Lost (%) = [1,000−0,574
1,000
] × 100
Pencairan Batubara
Konversi (%)=
[𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎
] × 100= %
Yield(%) = [𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑎𝑘
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛
] × 100%
Konversi 1
1. Yield(%)
1. Suhu 400 ºC = [𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑎𝑘
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛
] × 100%
Konversi (%) =
[𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢
] × 100% = [0,063
500
] × 100%
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎
= [200−181,9 = 0,0126 %
200
] × 100%
2. Yield(%)
= [18,1 ] × 100 %
200 = [𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑎𝑘
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛
] × 100%
= 9,05 %
= [0,065
500
] × 100 %
2. Suhu 425 ºC
Konversi (%) = = 0,013 %
[𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎
] × 100% 3. Yield(%)
= [𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑎𝑘
] × 100%
= [200−181,7
200
] × 100% 𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛
= [0,07 ] × 100 %
= [18,3
200
] × 100 % 500
= 0,014%
= 9,15 %
4. Yield(%)
3. Suhu 450 ºC
Konversi (%) = = [𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑎𝑘
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛
] × 100%
[𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢
] × 100%
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎
= [0,071
500
] × 100 %
= [200−165,4 ] × 100%
200
= 0,0142 %
= [34,6
200
] × 100 %
= 17,3 %
4. Suhu 475 ºC
Konversi (%) =
[𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎
] × 100%
= [200−163,8
200
] × 100%
= [36,02
200
] × 100 %
= 18,1 %
Konversi 2 Yield(%) = [𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑎𝑘
] × 100%
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐾𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑛
= [200−165,5
200
] × 100% = [0,073
500
] × 100 %
= 17,25%
4. Suhu 475 ºC
Konversi (%) =
[𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎−𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑎
] × 100%
= [200−164,1
200
] × 100%
= [35,9
200
] × 100 %
= 17,95 %
Lampiran 4. Analisa XRD
Peak List
Reackor Batch 2