Definition Geology

1. Geology is the science of earth’s crust and its environment. The crust forms the outer
layer of the Earth . This science enables a thorough understanding of the crust, the
manner it is laid,of what is composed,how the mineral and rocks are deposited
underground and on the surface, and how hills and mountains orginate (Sinha, R.K. 1975.
An Introduction To Geology. India:Vikas Publishing PVT LTD ) halaman 1

2. Geology is a science of such rapid growth that no apology is expected when from time to
time a new text-book is added to those already in the field. (Norton, William Harmon.
1905. The Elements of Geology.Boston. Ginn & Companny.) halaman 5

3. Geology is the study of the Earth, including the materials that it is made of, the physical
and chemical changes that occur on its surface and in its interior, and the history of the
planet and its life forms.(Thompson & Turk. 1997. Introduction to Physical Geology.
Brooks Cole) halaman 2

4. Geology is The study or science of earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks;
includes the study of the geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock
formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation.
(HILL, Mc GRAW. 1976. Dictionary Of Geology and Mineralogy. New York. McGraw-
hill companies.) halaman 9

5. Geology is an interesting subject in knowing history of Earth creation, creature evolution,

ancient Earth life and Earth condition in the past; even find mine, coal, also oil deposit
below Earth surface. (Kurniawan, Alva, A. P. Jasmine, Kenzie, John Mc. 2009. General
Dictionary of Geology. Yogyakarta. Environmental Geographic Student Association.)
halaman 5

What is Speleology?
Speleology, scientific discipline that is concerned with all aspects of caves
and cave systems.

(The Editors of Encyclopedia Brintannica. 1998 . Speleology geology and hidrology.

Encyclopedia Brintannica. )

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Apa itu Limnology?

Limnology is the study of the structural and functional interrelationships of organisms of

inland waters as they are affected b y their dynamic physical, chemical, and biotic
environments.
( Wetzel Robert G. 2000. Limnology Lake and River ecosystems. North
Carolina:Elsevier Academic Press )a
Apa itu Paleoarkeology?

Palaeoarchaeology is the archaeology of deep time. Paleoarchaeologists'studies focus on

hominid fossils ranging from 15,000,000 to 10,000 years ago, and emphasize human
evolution and how humans have adapted to the environment in the past few million years.

paleoarchaeology. [Internet]. at 11:17, 10 December 2016 UTC. Tersedia dari:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeoarchaeology

Apa iti pedology?

pedology is widely viewed as the study of soils in their natural environment

(Brevik, Eric C., David C. Weindorf, and Cynthia Stiles. 2015. Pedology. In: Ellen Wohl
(Ed). Oxford Bibliographies )

Yogyakarta, Agustus 2018

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